Model for analysis of fiber-reinforced clayey soil

Fiber-reinforced soils have many applications in improving the response of clayey soils. In this paper, an analytical model for the analysis of fiber-reinforced soil in the framework of modified cam clay model is presented. The analytical model is verified using experimental results from the standard undrained triaxial tests with pore water pressure measurements. Tests have been conducted on clayey soil specimens reinforced with randomly oriented discrete coir fibers with different percentages of fiber contents. Numerical simulations of triaxial compression tests on fiber-reinforced clay specimens were also performed. Results are presented in the form of stress vs. strain curves for plain soil as well as fiber-reinforced soil for various fiber contents based on the model developed. The results demonstrate the applicability of proposed analytical model in predicting the stress strain response of fiber-reinforced soils.     

Predictions of a continuous hyperplasticity model for Bangkok clay

The performance of a new constitutive model called ‘kinematic hardening modified Cam clay’ (KHMCC) is presented. The model is described using the ‘continuous hyperplasticity’ framework. Essentially this involves an infinite number of yield surfaces, thus allowing a smooth transition between elasticity and plasticity. The framework allows soil models to be developed in a relatively succinct mathematical form, since the entire constitutive behaviour can be determined through the specification of two scalar potentials. An implementation of the continuous hyperplasticity model is also described. The model requires eight parameters plus a viscosity coefficient for rate-dependent analysis. The model is defined in terms of triaxial stress–strain variables for this study, and is used to model monotonic triaxial tests on Bangkok clay. Comparisons of the theoretical predictions with the results of cyclic undrained triaxial compression tests on Bangkok clay are also presented.     

降低上海软粘土变形效应的加筋试验研究

为改良上海粘土的强度和变形特性,分别采用棕榈和麦秸秆加筋,以提高土的强度和抗变形性能。试验以质量加筋率和加筋长度作为影响因素,分析比较两种加筋土的无侧限抗压强度。试验结果为：(1)棕榈加筋土的无侧限抗压强度高于麦秸秆加筋土,两种加筋土均高于素土。(2)棕榈的适宜加筋条件为：质量加筋率1.0%,加筋长度的平均值15mm;四分之一圆管状麦秸秆的适宜加筋条件为：质量加筋率0.3%~0.4%,加筋长度15mm。(3)棕榈加筋土的应力应变曲线表现为应变强化型,麦秸秆加筋土的应力应变曲线表现为应变软化型。初步试验结果表明,棕榈与麦秸秆均适宜作上海地区粘土的加筋材料,加筋效果棕榈优于麦秸秆。     

成都市热岛效应与城市空间发展关系分析

利用Landsat卫星影像反演成都市中心城区1992、2001和2009年的地表温度,建筑用地和植被等信息,计算其城市热岛比例指数(URI),对成都市中心城区热岛效应与城市空间发展关系进行了分析。结果表明,在1992-2009年期间成都市主城区范围从91.24km2扩展到403.8km2。成都市建成区的大面积扩展导致了城市热岛空间分布发生迁移,从单中心聚集分布转变为多中心环状分布。回归分析说明,建筑用地和植被都是影响地表温度的重要因素,其中建筑用地与地表温度呈指数型正相关关系,而植被与地表温度呈负相关关系。总的看来,成都市中心城区在这17年间的热岛效应有了明显的缓解,城市热岛比例指数从0.72下降到0.33。城市植被覆盖率的增加和合理的规划对缓解城市热岛效应起到了积极的作用。     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

地球物理方法在章丘粘土矿采空区探测中的应用与方法对比

在山东章丘地区由于粘土矿长期开采形成了较大面积的采空区,不仅危害着工农业正常生产而且一定程度地制约着当地的经济发展,因此准确探测采空区尤为重要。通过高密度电法几种装置ρa等值线断面图对粘土矿采空区低阻异常特征的比较,证明施贝与三极装置结合可较好地反映采空区的位置;CSAMTρa等值线拟断面图低阻异常形态能较好的反映出采空区的大致空间形态。高密度电法与CSAMT法的有机结合极大地增加了探测粘土矿采空区的准确性和可靠程度,是地质灾害调查与治理首选的物探方法组合之一。     

芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)及其复合粘土对典型赤潮生物的去除作用研究

有害赤潮对海洋生态环境和沿海经济危害巨大,如何安全、有效地治理有害赤潮非常重要。文章考察了几种常见芽孢杆菌对近海典型赤潮生物——东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)的去除作用,发现解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)对其去除作用最强。进一步考察解淀粉芽孢杆菌对不同赤潮生物的去除作用,发现该芽孢杆菌对米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)和赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)的去除作用高于东海原甲藻。在此基础上,将解淀粉芽孢杆菌与高岭土复合,研究了微生物复合粘土对典型赤潮生物的去除效果。结果表明,解淀粉芽孢杆菌与高岭土复合后,能够有效促进该菌的生长,进而提升了其对赤潮生物的去除能力。文章对芽孢杆菌及其复合粘土去除赤潮生物的机制进行了分析和探讨,为进一步发展和优化改性粘土治理赤潮技术体系提供了重要参考。     

基于流变仪测试海底浅表层软黏土不排水强度研究

鉴于海底浅表层软黏土强度测试精细化程度不足的现状,引入流体测试中的流变仪,对青岛海域海底浅表层软黏土开展多组原状和重塑试样的不排水剪切强度试验,通过对比静力触探和微型十字板测试结果,验证了流变仪测试方法的有效性。基于流变仪试验结果,揭示了海底软黏土原状和重塑状态下不排水剪切破坏模式,探讨了海底软黏土不排水剪切强度和灵敏度随埋深及液性指数的发展演变趋势,评价了软黏土的结构性特征。最后,引入含水率与液限之比对海底浅表层软黏土重塑不排水剪切强度进行了归一化分析,为近海海洋开发活动提供技术支撑。     

Response Surface Modeling of Cu(II) Removal from Electroplating Waste by Adsorption: Application of Box–Behnken Experimental Design

The use of kaolinite‐based clay minerals as a low‐cost natural adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) from electroplating waste leachate was studied. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the effects of varying adsorbent loading, initial pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time. Box–Behnken design with three variables like initial pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time at three different levels was studied to identify a significant correlation between the effects of these variables to the amount of Cu(II) adsorbed. The methodology identifies the principal experimental variables, which have the greatest effect on the adsorption process. After optimizing the input variables by using Simplex algorithm, the adsorption of Cu(II) was maximal (99.9% with a maximum (positive) standard deviation of 9.4) at pH 6.24, adsorbent dosage of 0.83 g L^?1, and contact time of 97 min, respectively. Furthermore, the experimental values are in good agreement with predicted values, the correlation coefficient and adjusted correlation coefficients were found to be 0.96 and 0.87, respectively.     

Adsorption Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies on Removal of Lead(II) onto Glutamic Acid/Sepiolite

In this study, a modified method was used to increase the adsorption of lead ions from aqueous solutions by using modified clay mineral on the laboratory scale. Adsorption experiments have been carried out on the use of both thermal activated sepiolite (TAS) and their glutamate/sepiolite modification (GS) as adsorbents. The experimental data was analyzed using adsorption kinetic models (pseudo first‐ and second‐order equations). The pseudo second‐order kinetic model fitted well to the kinetic data (R² ≥ 0.99). Then, the Freundlich and Langmuir models were applied to describe the uptake of Pb(II) on GS and the Langmuir isotherm model agrees well with the equilibrium experimental data (R² ≥ 0.97). The maximum adsorption capacity was observed to be 128.205 mg/g by GS according to the Langmuir equation. Desorption efficiency of the GS was studied by the batch method using EDTA, HCl, and HNO₃ solutions. Desorption of 69.18, 74.55, and 80% of Pb(II) from GS was achieved with 0.1 M EDTA, 0.1 M HCl, and 0.1 M HNO₃ solutions, respectively. FTIR analysis suggests the importance of functional groups such as amino, hydroxyl, and carboxyl during Pb(II) removal. SEM observations demonstrated that an important interaction at the lead‐modified sepiolite interface occurred during the adsorption process. In addition, the thermodynamic constants was calculated that the values of the Gibbs free energy (ΔG*), enthalpy (ΔH*), and entropy (ΔS*) of modification were 86.79 kJ/mol, ?18.91 kJ/mol, and ?354.70 J/mol/K, respectively. The negative value of ΔH* shows exothermic nature of adsorption.