河北承德丹霞地貌国家地质公园地质遗迹景观及其旅游地学意义

地质遗迹的保护和利用是地质公园建设与发展的核心。河北省承德丹霞地貌国家地质公园是以丹霞地貌景观为主,集地质构造、古生物、河流、热泉景观为一体的综合性地质公园。漫长的地质演化及承德盆地特殊的构造和自然地理位置使公园内地质遗迹类型多样、发育典型,多重要构造、地貌及地层记录。丹霞地貌是由中国学者提出来的一种独立地貌类型,公园内以承德砾岩为主要构景层的丹霞地貌演化阶段完整,露头规模较大,形态多样奇特,在我国北方罕见且较典型,在地学研究、科普教育方面有着重要科学内涵。公园的建立及园内丹霞地貌区特有小环境形成的沟谷效应为生态研究与保护提供了条件。同时,研究区内众多地质遗迹所形成的自然景观极具观赏与美学价值,对承德旅游开发与规划独具意义。     

四川龙门山北段唐王寨-仰天窝向斜麻柳村辉绿岩斜锆石U-Pb同位素定年及其地质意义

为确定龙门山北段唐王寨-仰天窝向斜内发育的NE向辉绿岩脉的侵位时代、构造背景,探讨其是否与峨眉山地幔柱活动相关,对向斜内麻柳村处的辉绿岩样品进行了斜锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年、主量和微量元素分析。结果表明,辉绿岩斜锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为261.1±1.8Ma;属于高钛型拉斑玄武岩,高铝(13.39%~14.02%)、高铁(13.88%~14.67%)、低镁(4.43%~4.56%),富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,Nb/La=0.84~0.85、Th/Ta=2.40~2.45、Ta/Hf0.25,具有与洋岛玄武岩相似的地球化学特征,Nb-Ta略微负异常,暗示其可能源于富集型地幔并受到少量陆壳物质混染,形成于大陆板内环境。与峨眉山玄武岩质火成岩对比发现,两者具有高度一致的形成时代及相似的地球化学特征。据此认为,该区辉绿岩为峨眉山地幔柱活动的产物,峨眉山玄武质岩浆的活动已经波及至龙门山北段及川西北地区,可能影响了该区的生物环境及油气成藏。     

Petrography and geochemistry of Paleocene–Eocene limestones in the Ching-dar syncline, eastern Iran

The Ching-dar syncline is located to the west of the city of Birjand, in the east of han. The ca. 500 m thick studied section at the eastern flank of the syncline contains a sequence of almost continuous shallow- marine limestones that exhibit no major sedimentary breaks or evidence for volcanic activity. Skeletal grains consist of large benthic foraminifera and green algae whereas non-skeletal grains are mostly peloids and intraclasts. They were deposited on a shallow-marine carbonate ramp. The limestones have undergone extensive diagenetic processes with varying intensities, the most important of which are micritization, cementation, compaction （chemical and mechanical）, internal filling and stylolitization. Chemical analysis of the limestone samples revealed high calcium and low magnesium content. Major and minor element values were used to determine the original carbonate mineralogy of these lime- stones. Petrographic evidence and elemental values indicate that calcite was the original carbonate mineral in the limestones of the Ching-dar syncline. The elemental composition of the Ching-dar car- bonates also demonstrates that they have stabilized in a meteoric phreatic environment. Variation of Sr/ Ca vs. Mn values suggests that diagenetic alteration occurred in an open geochemical system.     

通化县四方山铁矿地质特征

四方山铁矿经历了三期变形。第一期,当太古宙表壳岩形成后,来自东西向挤压作用,地层和矿体(S0)形成近南北向紧密褶皱构造。第二期,来自北西—南东方向挤压作用,使已经变形地层和矿体(S1)又一次变形,形成走向北东—南西叠加褶皱构造,这一期为四方山铁矿主期构造。第三期,来自北—西向和南东向不对称推力作用,使已经历二次变形地层、矿层均形成了S形,使S2又一次变形。     

承德市干湿岛效应及其城市化影响分析

提出用城市站与郊区站相对湿度的差值作为干湿岛强度指标,利用趋势分析等统计分析方法,分析了承德市1964—2007年的空气湿度变化及城市化影响,结果表明：承德市近44 a空气湿度呈明显增加趋势,尤以近10 a最为明显,且由1988年以前的干岛特征逐渐转成了近10 a的湿岛特征,以夏季、秋季的湿岛效应最为明显,湿度场的明显变化主要来源于城市化影响。     

Lisiguangite, CuPtBiS3, a New Platinum-Group Mineral from the Yanshan Mountains, Hebei, China

Lisiguangite, CuPtBiS3, is a new mineral spedes discovered in a PEG-bearing, Co-Cu sulfide vein in garnet pyroxenite of the Yanshan Mountains, Chengde Prefecture, Hebei Province, China. It is associated with chaicopyrite and bornite, galena, minor pyrite, carrolite, molybdenite and the platinum-group minerals daomanite (CuPtAsS2), Co-bearing malanite (Cu(Pt, Co)2S4) sperrylite, moncheite, cooperite and malyshevite (CuPdBiS3), rare damiaoite (Pt2In3) and yixunite (Pt3In). Lisiguangite occurs as idiomorphic crystals, tabular or lamellae (010) and elongated [100] or as aggregates, up to 2 mm long and 0.5 mm wide. The mineral is opaque, has lead-gray color, black streak and metallic luster. The mineral is non-fluorescent. The observed morphology displays the following forms: pinacoids {100}, {010}, {001}, and prism {110}. No twining is observed. The a:b:c ratio, calculated from unit-cell parameters, is 0.6010:1:0.3836. Cleavage: {010} perfect, {001} distinct, {100} may be visible. H Mohs: 21/2; VHN25=46.7-49.8 (mean 48.3) kg/mm2. Tenacity: brittle. Lisiguangite is bright white with a yellowish tint. In reflected light it shows neither internal reflections nor bireflectance or pleochroism. It has weak to moderate anisotropy (blue-greenish to brownish) and parallel-axial extinction. The reflectance values in air (and in oil) for R3, R4 and (imR3,/imR4), at the standard Commission on Ore Mineralogy wavelengths are: 37.5, 35.7 (23.4, 22.3) at 470 nm; 38.6, 36.5 (23.6, 22.6) at 546 nm; 39.4, 37.5 (23.6, 22.7) at 589 nm and 40.3, 38.2 (23.7, 22.9) at 650 nm. The average of eight electron-microprobe analyses: Cu 12.98, Pt 30.04, Pd 2.69, Bi 37.65 and S 17.55, totaling 100.91%, corresponding to Cu1.10(Pt0.83, Pd0.14)∑0.97Bi0.97S2.96 based on six atoms apfu. The ideal formula is CuPtBiS3. The mineral is orthorhombic. Space group: P212121,a=7.7152(15)A, b=12.838(3) A, c=4.9248(10)A, V=487.80(17)A3, Z=4. The six strongest lines in the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in A (I) (h k l) are 6.40(30)(020), 3.24(80)(031), 3.03(100)(201), 2.27(40)(051), 2.14(50)(250), 1.865(60)(232).     

向斜成藏理论及其石油地质意义

传统的石油成藏理论适用于中高渗透储层,流体的渗流特征是达西渗流,主要作用力是浮力,油气分布在构造高部位或砂体高部位,主要是寻找圈闭。但是在低超低渗透储层和致密储层中,流体的渗流特征是非达西渗流,传统理论不再适用,油水不能发生正常的重力分异,流体在超压作用下以幕式排烃方式发生初次运移,石油在储层中运移要以非达西渗流方式通过变形才能缓慢通过,这种运移必然降低流速产生滞留效应导致石油在低部位大量滞留并聚集成连续油藏。这种滞留油藏的产生,可以形成背斜区圈闭含油、斜坡区相对高部位含水、而相对低部位却连续含油的油水倒置现象。由于滞留油藏无需构造和岩性边界圈闭,无需统一压力系统和油水边界,改变了传统上的圈闭找油模式,拓展了油气藏的概念,形成了低超低渗透储层、非常规、致密油等成藏研究的理论基础。向斜成藏理论的提出,是对传统石油成藏理论的重要补充,拓展了油气勘探领域,使油气勘探从构造高部位转向构造低部位,增大了石油资源量,对勘探开发具有重要的指导作用。     

基于GIS基线分割与土地利用单元优化的土壤重金属生态风险累积效应评价方法

以承德市伊逊河红旗钒钛磁铁矿小流域为例,采用富集因子法、潜在生态风险指数法,基于土地利用类型的冗余分析和GIS基线分割模型对流域土壤重金属生态风险累积程度及其影响因素进行了探讨.通过3种土壤重金属生态风险累积效应评价结果的对比,分析了样本加密、土地利用类型和GIS地理处理等优化方法对基线分割评价结果的影响.结果表明:研...     

河北承德盆地114 Ma大北沟组玄武岩地球化学及其对华北克拉通岩石圈地幔减薄作用的制约

华北克拉通罕见年龄界于120～100Ma的火山岩。承德盆地大北沟组火山岩下部主要由柱状节理橄榄玄武岩组成,中上部主要由安山岩组成。对紧邻玄武岩的上覆安山岩的火山锆石U-PbLA-ICPMS定年结果表明,形成年龄为(113.6±0.87)Ma,代表了该套火山岩的喷发年龄,表明它们形成于早白垩世晚期。对3件玄武岩样品的分析结果表明,它们亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf),初始87Sr/86Sr同位素比值为0.7059,εNd(114Ma)为-11.04,具有富集型岩石圈地幔的特征。但该套玄武岩的主量和微量元素特征则介于华北克拉通中生代年龄>120Ma具古老富集型地幔特征的玄武岩和年龄<100Ma具亏损软流圈性质的玄武岩之间,表明113.6Ma时华北克拉通岩石圈地幔在元素组成方面已具有由富集地幔向亏损型软流圈地幔转变的特征。大北沟组玄武岩的地球化学特征表明,114Ma时华北克拉通岩石圈地幔已减薄。     

铁岭地区太古宙花岗岩系地质特征

铁岭地区太古宙花岗岩系由独立封闭的几个灰色片麻岩体组成，属英云闪长岩─奥长花岗岩系列。锆石单颗粒Ｐｂ－ｐｂ年龄为２５４８－２５５３Ｍａ。片麻岩体中包裹有斜长角闪岩、磁铁石英岩等变质表壳岩。花岗岩系稀土元素具有强分馏形式，形成于晚太古代大陆及大陆边缘环境，其北部为吉黑褶皱带寒武系变质岩系。华地地台与吉黑地槽之间由海西－燕山期中酸性侵入岩填充，形成宽约５＝１０ｋｍ的岩浆活动带。