褶皱中和面位置确定及其在六盘水涝河向斜中的应用

假定弯曲流动褶皱的多层岩层是由多个各向同性的弹性薄层粘合而成的非均匀板,基于弹性薄板理论,研究了褶皱岩层仅受纯弯曲作用时褶皱中和面的位置的确定问题,得出了用各岩层弹性模量、泊松比和岩层厚度表示的褶皱中和面位置公式。结合贵州六盘水煤田涝河向斜,计算了涝河向斜褶皱中和面处于龙潭组9号煤层的底板岩层细砂岩中,距茅口组底部966 m, 煤岩层距离中和面越近,褶皱构造对其瓦斯赋存影响越少,使得该处的瓦斯含量与翼部差值就越小。研究成果对煤层气开发及煤与瓦斯突出防治具有一定的指导作用。      

北京房山北岭向斜形成与形变综合解析

弯月状北岭向斜是北京房山周口店地区的主体构造形迹,也是一个非常特殊的构造现象。它的原型是晚古生代和侏罗纪两套陆相盆地叠加而成的复合盆地,其特征与整体华北板块的构造演化一致;而其晚期(燕山期）的褶皱变形是由于房山花岗闪长岩体侵位造成的局部动力作用结果。特别是不同于教科书中所讲的褶皱形成机制和构造叠加的一般概念。当我们采用系统论即整体论的思考方式会将一般看来互不相关的局部构造细节联系起来思考,其成因就会迎刃而解。再有,由于这里的地质构造与地层建造、岩浆活动、变质作用等构成相关的复杂系统,因此必须采用综合构造解析,才可能对北岭向斜的形成与形变的复杂过程获得较全面的理解。     

A basin modeling and organic geochemistry study in the Vallecitos syncline,San Joaquin Basin,California

The Vallecitos syncline is a westerly structural extension of the San Joaquin Basin. The Vallecitos oil field, comprised of eight separate areas that produce from Cretaceous and Paleogene reservoirs, accounted for 5.4 MMB of oil and 5.6 BCF associated of gas through 2010. However, exploration for oil and gas in the Vallecitos area is challenging due to structural complexity and limited data. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether source rocks are actively generating petroleum in the Vallecitos syncline and to improve our understanding of burial history and timing of hydrocarbon generation. We conducted biomarker analysis on twenty-two oil samples from the Vallecitos syncline. Source-related biomarkers show two genetic groups of oil, which originated from two different source rocks. These results differ from earlier published interpretations in which the Kreyenhagen Formation is the only source rock in the Vallecitos syncline, and suggest that the Cretaceous Moreno Formation in the syncline also is an active source rock.Stratigraphic evidence and modeling suggest that late Cenozoic episodes of erosion due to folding and uplift removed significant overburden on the flanks of the syncline. To better understand the petroleum systems and clarify the total active source rocks in the area, 2D burial histories were generated through the Vallecitos syncline. A published cross-section through the deepest part of the syncline was selected to conduct thermal history, basin evolution, and migration analyses. The 2D model results indicate that the lower Kreyenhagen Formation has various maturities within the formation at different locations in the present-day syncline. The basal part of the Kreyenhagen Formation is in the dry gas window and maturity decreases away from the central part to the flanks. It remains immature along shallow portions of the present-day flanks. In contrast, the basal part of the Moreno Formation achieved extremely high maturity (past the gas generation zone) but is in the oil generation zone on the flanks of the syncline at shallow depth. All of our geochemical and 2D model results suggest that there are two active source rocks in the Vallecitos syncline. Accordingly, we propose that there are two active petroleum systems in the Vallecitos syncline.     

贵州遵义地区安场向斜“四层楼”页岩油气成藏模式研究

中国南方地区从震旦纪到古近纪发育多套烃源岩,由于经历多期构造运动,油气保存条件欠佳。60多年来,除四川、江汉、苏北等盆地外,盆外复杂构造区油气调查始终未获重大发现。文章通过对野外地质调查、地球物理勘查和系统的油气成藏条件研究,认为黔北安场向斜五峰—龙马溪组富有机质页岩发育、热演化程度适中,石牛栏组储集性能较好,向斜翼部逆断层封挡,具备良好的页岩气、油气富集成藏条件。在向斜西翼部署实施的安页1井,在栖霞组、石牛栏组、五峰—龙马溪组和宝塔组获得"四层楼"式油气显示。其中,石牛栏组获得日产超过10×104m3高产工业气流,开辟了南方油气勘查的新区、新层系和新类型。安页1井的突破,证实了黔北—渝东南盆外复杂构造区具有常规、非常规油气同生共存的成藏条件,对邻区广泛发育的残留向斜油气勘探具有重要的指导意义。     

新疆萨热克巴依盆内构造样式及对萨热克大型砂砾岩型铜矿床控制规律

新疆乌恰县萨热克式大型砂砾岩型铜多金属矿床受萨热克巴依中生代陆内拉分断陷盆地控制显著,但该盆地内部构造古地理格架和构造样式不明。查明盆内构造样式特征,有助于提升对研究区内成矿规律认识和寻找隐伏矿体。采用构造岩相学填图新技术对该盆地内部构造样式及其对砂砾岩型铜多金属矿床控制规律研究表明：（1）阿克苏岩群为盆地下基底构造层和半原地异地地层系统。古生代地层为盆地上基底构造层和原地地层系统。早侏罗世成盆期为山前拉分断陷沉积形成的粗碎屑岩系,演进含煤碎屑岩系,最终为湖沼相黑色碳质泥岩灰黑色粉砂岩煤层。在中侏罗世主成盆期最大湖泛面以深湖相结晶灰岩、湖震相砾屑状泥灰岩泥质砾岩和震积岩相泥灰质同生角砾岩等为标志,揭示三组NE向同生断裂带是成盆主控同生断裂带。早白垩世向上变粗的陆相碎屑岩系揭示该次级盆地萎缩封闭。（2）构造古地理格局为“三面环山,北西连通”,在晚侏罗世初库孜贡苏期发生构造反转后,形成了周缘环山封闭式尾闾湖盆,为萨热克式砂砾岩型铜矿床形成提供了良好构造古地理格局。萨热克巴依次级盆地原型盆地为斜切西南天山造山带的山间盆地,构造动力学类型为中生代陆内拉分断陷盆地。（3）盆地内部构造样式（矿田沉积成岩成矿期构造系统）主要有裙边式复式向斜构造、NW向基底隆起构造带、古构造洼地、构造坡折带和同生断裂带、披覆褶皱等,这些构造样式和组合及后期构造变形样式对砂砾岩型铜多金属矿体控制明显。在隐伏基底隆起构造带上部受层间断裂裂隙带和岩相岩性带圈闭而聚集,推测矿质大规模聚沉机制为在该构造部位富烃类还原性成矿流体与岩相岩性多重耦合,富烃类还原性成矿流体与铜铁氧化物相岩石（含铜紫红色铁质杂砾岩类）强烈地球化学岩相学作用发育,强烈还原作用导致矿质大规模沉淀富集成矿。     

承德伊逊河钒钛磁铁矿小流域土壤重金属地球化学基线及生态风险累积效应

以承德市伊逊河红旗钒钛磁铁矿小流域为例,通过参比元素标准化法、垂向剖面似背景值法确定小流域矿集区土壤12种重金属的地球化学基线,并与不同空间尺度流域的重金属地球化学基线进行对比;采用确定的基线值结合地累积指数法、地统计学、生态风险指数法和GIS叠加法对流域土壤重金属潜在生态风险和累积程度进行了评价.结果表明:钒钛磁铁矿...