九嶷山-铜山岭-都庞岭花岗岩带低钕模式年龄的成因探讨

九嶷山、都庞岭复式岩体分别由志留纪、中三叠世、中一晚侏罗世和志留纪、晚三叠世、中侏罗世花岗岩组成，源岩主要为壳源物质，钕模式年龄值由早至晚顺序降低，并与花岗岩的酸碱度呈负相关。最晚期的晚侏罗世金鸡岭岩体t2DM值仅1480～1410Ma，年龄偏低的原因可能是花岗岩浆源岩有部分来自相对较浅、时代较新的地壳和复式岩体区已固结成岩的早时代花岗岩。中三叠世的铜山岭岩体基性程度高，属壳幔同熔型成因，钕模式年龄1480～1380Ma，低钕模式年龄值的成因和幔源物质的加入有关。     

石河子垦区一次低压大风天气的成因分析

通过对石河子一次低压大风天气的成因分析，发现“降压增温”是其前兆。前期降水，有利的垂直风场．不稳定能量释放是低压产生持续大风的关键，并提出今后的预报着眼点。     

江西相山铀矿田遥感影像呈现的新构造运动及其意义

通过Landsat 7 ETM+多光谱数字图像融合，对相山矿田的地表岩性、地貌景观及线环影像进行分析，共解译出NE向、NNW向、NWW向、SN向和EW向5组线性构造， 这些线性构造具有多期次活动的特点，其中NE向线性构造F2在第四纪的活动，使相山矿田北西部相对于南东部陷落，形成北西、南东两个各具特色的影像区，南东影像区剥蚀程度较大，北西影像区更适合找矿。     

地震序列类型的岩石破裂实验研究

采用花岗岩和砂岩拼合的岩样，做单面直接剪切破坏实验，并以微破裂信息存储分析系统连续采集信号。通过波形图研究发现，诸如“前破-主破-余破型”、“主破-余破型”、“群破型”、“双破或多破型”、“孤立型破裂”等都有波形记录，而大破裂前的“平静”、“密集”、“低频扰动”及“慢破裂”现象也有波形显示。这些结果与天然地震很相似。几乎所有天然地震的类型和震兆异常都能在声发射破裂实验中得到发现和验证。实验还显示，在低应力阶段破裂类型较单一，但随着应力升高和逼近主（大）破裂，破裂类型越来越多，而且低频成分变多的破裂增多，慢破裂也增多。     

Shore platform morphology on a rapidly uplifting coast,Wellington, New Zealand

The coast of Wellington, New Zealand, is tectonically active and contains a series of uplifted and contemporary shore platforms that are developed in Triassic Greywacke. The platform profiles are rugged with relief of metre scale common. The surveyed platforms were formed at, and at two distinct levels 1–1·5 and 2–2·5 m above, mean sea level. They range in width up to 70 m and are highly fractured with fracture densities in excess of 20[sol ]m² common. The rate of development of these platforms is rapid, with lateral erosion rates of up to 0·15 m[sol ]yr calculated, allowing platform development to occur over centennial scales. Even given this rapid development, continued instantaneous uplift of the coast has meant they are unable to reach an equilibrium state, whereby the effectiveness of wave processes in removing material is reduced by platform extension. The co‐seismic uplift means that the rear of the platforms is raised beyond the limits of marine process and has become an area of deposition. Although no direct process measurements were made the highly fractured nature of the bedrock appears to play a major role in platform evolution, with wave processes being easily able to pluck blocks as evidenced by fresh erosion scars and active gravel beaches at the rear of many platforms. This coast therefore represents an extremely dynamic youthful shore platform environment, where the processes of marine abrasion can be observed over historical timescales. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

陕西省数字地震台下方壳幔速度结构研究

利用广义反、透射系数的传递矩阵计算理论地震图，用快速模拟退火法搜索最佳模型，通过与地震台站实际记录的P波波形进行拟合对比，反演了陕西省13个数字地震台下方的P波速度结构。台站分布区域涉及到秦岭造山带、渭河盆地及鄂尔多斯地台三个构造区域。结果显示，3个构造区的地下速度结构差异明显，呈现了各自的构造特点。其中秦岭造山带上地壳乃至地表速度高，中下地壳出现多个低速层，可能与岩石脱水、构造滑脱带等有关；渭河盆地内上中地壳高低速度层交替出现，反映了断层活动在浅部的影响；鄂尔多斯地台有部分台站保持稳定的匀速构造。反映了古老地台地层稳定发展的特性，部分台站受到后期改造，低速层位增多。因为变化剧烈的台站分布在盆地的南部和西部。而且震源机制解显示该区主应力场方向为近东西向，可以说秦岭北缘的断裂作用以及后来来自青藏高原的挤压应力是导致渭河盆地形成和发展的主要因素。最后我们讨论了速度结构与强震、地震分布以及不同构造演化的关系。     

Sensitivity of the central Asian climate to uplift of the Tibetan Plateau in the coupled climate model (MRI-CGCM1)

Abstract   The relationship between the altitude of the Tibetan Plateau and climate change in central Asia was investigated through a numeric experiment using the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model I (MRI-CGCM1). The results suggest that summer precipitation in central Asia decreased significantly as the Tibetan Plateau rose in height. Spring precipitation, however, increased during initial growth stages when the plateau height was up to 40% of its present-day height, and then decreased with further plateau growth. During the Tibetan Plateau uplift, the difference between precipitation and evaporation was minimal during spring. When the plateau attained a height exceeding 60% of its present height, relatively low precipitation but high evaporation in spring led to a lower amount of ground moisture. In the case of the high plateau, sensible heat flux during summer and fall largely exceeded latent heat flux. Change was particularly significant for cases when the plateau reached 40–60% of its present-day height. The duration of the predominant sensible heat flux became longer with the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. The period in which latent heat exceeded sensible heat seems to have been restricted to winter and early spring. The numeric experiments suggest that a significant drying of central Asia corresponded to the period in which the Tibetan Plateau exceeded approximately half its present-day height.     

Centrifuge modeling of load-deformation behavior of rocking shallow foundations

Shallow foundations supporting building structures might be loaded well into their nonlinear range during intense earthquake loading. The nonlinearity of the soil may act as an energy dissipation mechanism, potentially reducing shaking demands exerted on the building. This nonlinearity, however, may result in permanent deformations that also cause damage to the building. Five series of tests on a large centrifuge, including 40 models of shear wall footings, were performed to study the nonlinear load-deformation characteristics during cyclic and earthquake loading. Footing dimensions, depth of embedment, wall weight, initial static vertical factor of safety, soil density, and soil type (dry sand and saturated clay) were systematically varied. The moment capacity was not observed to degrade with cycling, but due to the deformed shape of the footing–soil interface and uplift associated with large rotations, stiffness degradation was observed. Permanent deformations beneath the footing continue to accumulate with the number of cycles of loading, though the rate of accumulation of settlement decreases as the footing embeds itself.     

Geology and Hydrothermal Alteration of the Low Sulfidation

Abstract. The Pantingan Gold System (PGS) is a vein-type epithermal prospect exposed within the summit caldera of Mount Mariveles, Bagac, Bataan (Luzon), Philippines. It consists of nine major veins, eight of which trend NW-WNW and distributed in an en echelon array. The eastern tips of these veins appear to terminate near the NE-NNE trending Vein 1, which is located in the easternmost portion of the prospect. Metal assay results on vein and wall rock samples indicate concentrations of 0.01 to 1.1 g/ton Au, trace to 34 g/ton Ag and 0.003 to 0.02 % Cu. Andesite lava flow deposits host the PGS. Potassium-Argon isotopic dating of these andesites yields anarrow age range of 0.88± 0.13 to 1.13 ± 0.17 Ma. The surface exposures of the veins (up to 5 m wide) are encountered at different levels between 590–740 masl. These commonly display a massive texture although banding prominently occurs in Vein 1. The veins consist of gray to cream-colored crystalline and chalcedonic quartz and amorphous silica. Pyrite is the most ubiquitous sulfide mineral. It occurs either as fine-grained disseminations and aggregates in quartz or as infillings in vugs. Calcite, marcasite and bornite are also occasionally noted in the deposit. The prospect shows silicic, argillic, propylitic and advanced argillic alteration zones. Silicic and argillic alterations are confined in the immediate wall rocks of the quartz veins. Argillic alteration grades to a propylitic zone farther away from the veins. The advanced argillic alteration zone, indicated by a suite of acidic clay minerals that include kaolin-ite, dickite, pyrophyllite and alunite, might have been imprinted during the late stages of gold deposition. As a whole, the PGS displays geological and mineralogical features typical of gold mineralization in a low sulfidation, epithermal environment. It is also representative of a young, tectonically undisturbed gold deposit.     

Review of paleoseismological and active fault studies in Taiwan in the light of the Chichi earthquake of September 21, 1999

This paper reviews the research on active and earthquake faults in Taiwan conducted prior and after the 1999 Chichi earthquake. The Chichi earthquake plays as a turning point of the relevant studies, since the 1999 coseismic surface rupture exactly follows preexisting fault scarps, created in turn by previous seismic events along the Chelungpu Fault. This fact indicates that the precise mapping on the other active faults is fundamental to predict the location of surface rupture caused by large future earthquakes. Since 1999, many trenching studies have been carried out along the Chichi earthquake fault. A few of them demonstrates that the penultimate event is as young as probably only 200–430 years old; however, some others show a rather old age of several hundreds years or even older for the last faulting event before 1999. More trenching studies are necessary for such a long fault in order to understand the possible segmentation features and the correlation of the paleoseismic events identified along the entire fault length. In addition, we further discuss the offshore faulting associated with seismic event along the eastern coast of Taiwan, where the multiple Holocene terraces are well known.