二道岔金矿332隐伏金矿床地质特征

二道岔金矿332隐伏金矿赋存于太古宙夹皮沟岩群三道沟岩组和腰抢子片麻岩中,属于石英脉型金矿床,矿石易选,易加工,开发经济效益好。因此,总结该矿床地质特征,对该区普查找矿具有指导意义。     

丽江市黑龙潭泉群断流的人工神经网络模拟

近年来,云南省丽江市著名景点黑龙潭泉群断流频发,这将严重威胁丽江市旅游业的可持续发展。为了正确认识黑龙潭泉群断流的原因,并掌握其发生的规律,本文在对该泉群的水文地质条件、降水量和断流的关系进行分析的基础上,对该泉群的断流情况开展了人工神经网络模拟研究。本文发现黑龙潭泉群属于非全排型山前断裂溢流岩溶泉;年降水量不足与该泉群的断流具有一定的因果关系;构建了网络拓扑结构为6-13-3的 BP 人工神经网络模型对黑龙潭泉群的不同断流情况进行了模拟,该模型以前期降水量、温度与湿度作为输入向量参数,以1953-2002年的数据作为训练样本,以2003-2012年的数据作为模型检验样本,检验结果与实际情况吻合度约为90%,表明该模型可以较好地模拟黑龙潭泉群的断流情况。     

丽江黑龙潭泉群水文地质特征及断流的影响因素分析

黑龙潭泉群为丽江古城流水源头,是古城生活用水、景观用水和服务业用水的主要来源之一。近年来,黑龙潭泉群流量丰枯变幅增大,干旱年或特大干旱年出现季节性或跨年度干涸,从2011年8月以来,黑龙潭泉群流量明显减小,月平均流量由0.695 m^3/s 减至0.186 m^3/s,并于2012年1月21日全面断流,截至2013年6月仍未见出流。为给丽江盆地地下水资源保护和持续利用提供水文地质科学依据和技术支持,本文对黑龙潭泉群岩溶水系统水文地质特征进行了分析,认为降水量减少是泉群断流的主要原因,而补给区生态环境恶化和泉群下游地下水开采则在一定程度上加剧了泉群的断流发生频次。在此基础上,提出了提高黑龙潭泉群补给区的水源涵养能力、加强水资源的调控和管理、严格依法管理黑龙潭泉群水源保护区等建议。     

The Design of Re‐usable Carius Tubes for the Determination of Rhenium,Osmium and Platinum‐Group Elements in Geological Samples

The traditional Carius tube technique is cumbersome and requires skilful work to seal the Carius tube, which can be used only once. We describe a modification to the technique that does not require the use of a high‐temperature welding torch to melt the Carius tube to seal it. The newly designed Carius tube consists of a main body with a 3 mm‐thick glass wall, a neck and head with walls 4 mm in thickness, and an efficient screw‐thread stopper. These new features allowed the tube to be used repeatedly. We demonstrate relatively low procedural blanks derived for Re and Os, and platinum‐group elements (PGEs), using the redesigned tube. A temperature of 220 °C could be reached for about 5 ml of HNO₃ for a 47 ml tube and for 32 ml of inverse aqua regia for a 200 ml tube. This digestion technique can be used for routine analysis of Re and PGEs in geological samples.     

Vertical loads effect on the lateral pile group resistance in sand

Vertical loads effect on the lateral response of a 3×5 pile group embedded in sand is studied through a two-dimensional finite element analysis. The soil-pile interaction in three-dimensional type is idealized in the two-dimensional analysis using soil-pile interaction springs with a hysteretic nonlinear load displacement relationship. Vertical loads inducing a vertical pile head displacement of 0.1-pile diameter increase the lateral resistance of the single pile at a 60 mm lateral deflection by 8%. Vertical loads inducing the same vertical displacement applied to a pile group spaced at 3.92-pile diameter increase the overall lateral resistance by 9%. The effect on individual piles, however, depends on the pile position. The vertical load decreases the lateral resistance of the leading pile (pile 1) by 10% and increases the lateral resistances of piles 2, 3, 4, and 5 by 9%, 14%, 17%, and 35%, respectively. Vertical loads applied to the pile group increase the confining pressures in the sand deposit confined by the piles but the rate of increase in those outside the group is relatively small, resulting in the difference in a balance of lateral soil pressures acting at the back of and in front of the individual pile.     

四川南部城市群主要环境工程地质问题

四川南部城市群为成渝经济区区域规划中四大城市群之一,有望成为四川省第二大增长极。区内多为丘陵山地型城市,有限的发展空间迫使城市建设活动中频繁的削坡、回填,在获得发展空间的同时也引发了大量的环境工程地质问题。地震活动、红层风化,地质灾害是区内最主要的环境工程地质问题。通过分析前人研究成果结合收集资料分析得出：华（？）山断裂及荥经-马边-盐津断裂在区内均表现为强活动性,地震活动频繁。侏罗系-白垩系红层泥岩具有快速风化的特性,红层边坡具有剥落、崩塌、落石、表层溜塌、滑塌、浅层滑坡六大破坏方式。区内地质灾害频发,发育密度达7.81处/100km~2,地质灾害类型以滑坡、崩塌为主。     

Temporal and spatial variation of fish assemblages in Dianshan Lake,Shanghai, China

Using multi-mesh gillnets and trawls, the fish communities in Dianshan Lake at 6 stations from Oct. 2009 to Jul. 2010 were investigated seasonally to reveal the biodiversity and its spatial and temporal distribution patterns. The long-term changes in their structural characteristics were then analyzed to identify the main infl uencing factors and several measures for lake restoration were put forward. Thirty six species, belonging to 9 family and 30 genera, were collected, amongst which, the order Cypriniformes accounted for 61.1% of the total species number. In terms of importance value, Cypriniformes was the predominant group, Coilia nasus the dominant species, while Cyprinus carpio and Rhinogobius giurinus were the subdominant taxa. The community types did not differ among stations, but between seasons. There were no significant differences between seasons and among stations in species diversity, but richness differed both spatially and seasonally. Along with the process of eutrophication and the drastic reduction of the area colonized by macrophytes from 1959 to 2009–2010, the fish diversity declined markedly, and species numbers of herbivores and piscivores declined proportionately more than those of invertivores, omnivores, and planktivores. The decline of potamophilus and river-lake migratory fish was more marked than those of sedentary, river-sea migratory, and estuarine fishes. Eutrophication concomitant with sharp reduction of macrophyte area and overfishing may be the main reasons for the decline in fish diversity in Dianshan Lake.     

The Relationship of Place Re-Making and Watershed Group Participation in Appalachia

This article explores how participation in watershed groups creates a social space that mediates the relationship between biophysical places and place-protective action. We analyze qualitative data from a survey of more than 200 watershed group volunteers in the Appalachian region of the United States who were asked to describe experiences that encouraged or discouraged their participation. “Place” emerged as a key theme, with further delineations between made places (those highly affected by human activity, including coal extraction); natural places; and re-made places (those restored by the efforts of the watershed-group participants). Our findings suggest that the places themselves—and the natural, institutional, and social resources in these places—are more than a backdrop or setting for the volunteer activities; they also inspire, enhance, and are transformed by the act of volunteering.     

Pile group response to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading: E-Defense large shake table test

This paper presents the results of a large-scale shake table test at E-Defense facility on a pile group located adjacent to a gravity-type quay wall and were subjected to liquefaction-induced large ground displacements. Extensive liquefaction-induced large ground lateral spreading displaced the quay wall about 2.2 m and damaged the pile foundation. The pile foundation consisted of a six-pile group which supported a footing and a superstructure model. Large lateral soil displacements were measured by several sensors such as inclinometers and the results favorably agreed with the directly observed deformations. Soil lateral displacement decreased as the distance from the quay wall increased landward. The piles were densely instrumented and the measured bending strain records were able to explain the damage to the piles. Lateral pressures of the liquefied soil exerted on the piles were measured using earth pressure (EP) sensors. The application of two design guidelines (JRA [1] and JSWA [2]) for estimation of liquefaction-induced lateral pressure on piles is discussed and their advantages and shortcomings are addressed. Furthermore, two simplified methods (Shamoto et al. [3] and Valsamis et al. [4]) are employed to predict the extent of liquefaction-induced large ground displacements and they are compared to the measured deformations. Finally, their accuracy for predicting the liquefaction-induced lateral displacements is evaluated and practical recommendations are made.     

L2（q）的一个物征性质

用极大交换子群阶的集合得到关于群的一些性质。证明了单群L2（q）,q≡3,5（mod）在同构的意义下,能被它的极大交换子群阶的集合唯一确定。