用于铂族元素分析的中外地质标准物质

标准物质作为地质分析的计量标准,在分析质量监控、仪器校准、方法评价和仲裁分析中发挥着重要作用。铂族元素分析一直是地质材料分析中最棘手的任务之一,铂族元素标准物质研制困难,数量少,严重影响了对铂族元素分析方法的评价和分析数据的质量监控,成为铂族金属矿产资源勘查、评价和相关研究工作的瓶颈。收集了中国及国际上现有的34个铂族元素标准物质和52个其他地球化学标准物质中的101个铂族元素定值数据。为便于使用也收集了这些标准物质中其他元素的含量信息,给出了铂族各元素按含量大小排列的信息简表以方便选择。充分利用这些标准物质对促进铂族元素分析方法研究,保证铂族元素分析数据质量,提高中国和世界铂族金属矿产资源勘查、评价及研究水平具有重要意义。     

Antiquity and long-term morphological stasis in a group of rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae): Description of the oldest Octavius species from Cretaceous Burmese amber and a review of the “Euaesthetine subgroup” fossil record

The Staphylinine group of rove beetle subfamilies is a significant animal radiation, and one subordinate monophyletic clade – the ‘Euaesthetine subgroup’ – includes around 3000 species in subfamilies Euaesthetinae and Steninae and has a fossil record dating to the Early Cretaceous. Detailed morphological study of a new well-preserved Cretaceous Burmese amber fossil revealed strong evidence consistent with its taxonomic placement in the euaesthetine genus Octavius. We thus describe Octavius electrospinosus sp. nov., the first Cretaceous record of the genus and of the tribe Euaesthetini. Previously, the oldest records of Octavius and Euaesthetini were from the Eocene (Baltic amber) and discovery of O. electrospinosus sp. nov. therefore nearly doubles the minimum lineage age of Octavius, increasing it by 50 million years. We also briefly review the known Euaesthetine subgroup fossil record and tabulate summary data for all previously described fossils. All are placed in extant genera, and have visible diagnostic generic-level characters including some putative synapomorphies as judged by recent phylogenetic work. Including O. electrospinosus sp. nov., there are now four known Cretaceous species, all of which belong to either Octavius, Nordenskioldia, or Stenus. To explain the long-term morphological stasis in this group of rove beetles, we suggest that the continuous presence of mesic habitats may have buffered these lineages from strong selection for morphological change. Considering the fossils along with phylogenetic hypotheses we suggest the Euaesthetine subgroup originated in the Late Jurassic– Early Cretaceous and the Staphylinine group in the Early Jurassic. We emphasize the derived status of Cretaceous fossils in assessing possible divergence times and the significance of the pre-Cretaceous taphonomic bias for restricting more robust estimates. Further detailed morphological study of available fossils in a phylogenetic framework is badly needed to clarify the phylogenetic positions of these taxa.     

组合荷载下超大群桩受力变形模型试验研究

李子沟特大桥是内昆线上的重点工程 ,采用了超大群桩基础。为了进一步完善对超大群桩基础的力学行为的认识 ,应用模型试验分析了在组合荷载作用下超大群桩基础的内力分布特点、群桩的承载性状和受力变形特性。试验结果表明 ,最大弯矩发生在与承台连接附近的桩身处 ,弯矩沿桩身向下随荷载由线性或非线性递减。对于组合加载与水平纵向加载 ,弯矩的极值、沿桩身的变化趋势和受荷载的影响范围不同     

Centrifuge modelling of raked piles

Inclined piles are prohibited by many codes in seismic areas. Nevertheless the battered effect has not yet been clarified because very few data are available. The present work is a comparison, at reduced scale in the centrifuge, of the response of two simplified pile groups: a 1 × 2 vertical piles and 1 × 2 pile group with one inclined pile. Two configurations are considered: end-bearing and floating pile group, both with pile heads rigidly fixed with a massive cap. First, repeatability tests under horizontal cyclic loading were performed on both floating pile groups. Secondly, repeated horizontal impact tests were performed on both end-bearing pile groups. These impact tests, which highlight the influence of inclined piles on the inertial response of a group, are a first step for the more complex analysis of the performance of such groups under seismic loads where inertial and kinematic interactions are combined. The first part of this work revealed the influence of sand structure around the inclined pile tip on the repeatability of the tests performed on floating pile groups. The second part highlighted differences in the dynamic response between the two end-bearing pile groups through measurements of the pile cap acceleration, the bending moment profile and the axial load in the piles.     

隧道开挖对邻近桩基工作性能的影响研究

隧道开挖对邻近既有建（构）筑物桩基乃至整个建（构）筑物的稳定与安全带来不同程度的影响。采用大型通用有限元分析软件ABAQUS,结合工程算例,模拟隧道开挖对邻近桩基工作性能的影响。首先分析了当邻近桩基与隧道竖向轴线之间的水平距离和桩长变化时隧道开挖所引起的单桩反应变化规律;在此基础上,研究了隧道开挖对邻近群桩的影响,对比分析了群桩中基桩与单桩的工作性能差异,得出了一些对工程建设有意义的结论。     

额尔古纳地区中生代应力场演化及其与金铅锌矿的关系

额尔古纳地区中生代主要受到3期区域应力场的影响,分别是印支期（T2-J1）、塔木兰沟期（J3）和上库力期（K1）。印支期的主压应力方位为北北西南南东向,该期应力场在区内形成两条大型韧性剪切带,剪切带走向0~20°塔木兰沟的主压应力方位为北西西南东东向,形成了区域上极为发育的两组共轭剪节理,其走向分别为66~90°和320~340°上库力期的主压应力方位为北北东南南西,它使塔木兰沟期的两组共轭节理复活,形成劈理带、逆断层等。本地区金、铅锌矿点、矿化点或矿化异常区较多。矿（化）体产状与塔木兰沟期、上库力期构造特征相吻合,它们的形成时间基本一致。塔木兰沟期、上库力期强烈的火山作用及其地球化学特征反映当时具有良好的成矿地球化学条件,说明该地区中生代的主成矿期为塔木兰沟期和上库力期。本区已知的金矿（化）点、砂金矿点均位于两条韧性剪切带附近,所以两条韧性剪切带附近是本地区金矿的找矿远景区。     

河网非恒定流汊点分组解法

在分析汊点分组解法的基础上,提出了汊点分组解法的一般理论和算法。新方法的特点是可将河网汊点分片编码处理,而且汊点分组后可通过适用于一般分级解法的原汊点水位关系得到新的汊点方程组,新方法的通用性较好,值得推广应用。     

中秦岭地区晚古生代增生的弧前构造带及演化初析

文中认为中秦岭地区以刘岭群（PZ2）为代表的陆源碎屑杂砂岩系,其主体可能属晚古生代华北南缘在北俯机制下增生的弧前盆地沉积杂砂岩系。其中商、丹带中丹凤蛇绿杂岩等为该弧前盆地的基底增生杂岩单元。而华北与扬子两大陆块的最终古经合线位置应大致位于“刘岭”弧前构造带的南部边界山阳一留坝断裂带一线。     

浙江舟山近海仔稚鱼时空动态变化及与环境因子的关系

为探明舟山近海海域仔稚鱼丰度的分布、出现概率及与环境因素的综合关系,进一步研究该海域渔业资源的补充机制,根据2019年3、4、7、11月在舟山近海海域开展的4个航次仔稚鱼生态调查资料,研究了舟山近海仔稚鱼的出现概率、群落结构(种类组成及优势种数量)的动态变化,探讨仔稚鱼群落的季节变化和对环境变化的响应,以及环境变化对仔稚鱼补充量的影响。结果显示:空间上,调查海区水深范围5～50 m,仔稚鱼集中分布于水深10～20m的近岸河口岛礁区;时间上的季节变化比较大,春夏季丰度高,冬季少。GLM模型结果显示:近岸河口型仔稚鱼在近岸出现的概率为0.65～0.95,在近海出现的概率为0.26～0.60;近海型仔稚鱼在近岸出现的概率为0.12～0.34,在近海出现的概率为0.32～0.54。仔稚鱼优势种春夏季各出现1种,秋冬季各出现2种,全年仔稚鱼优势种有4种。数量分布为:仔稚鱼种类数春季(19种)、夏季(16种)、秋季(10种)、冬季(5种),具有明显的季节性变化。按种类适温属性划分,调查海区仅出现暖温性和暖水性两种,其中暖温性15种(占已知适温类型种类的60%),暖水性10种(占40%);按生态类型...