西昆仑库孜——带长城纪火山岩地球化学特征及地质意义

西昆仑库孜一带长城纪赛图拉岩群为一套火山熔岩-火山碎屑岩-沉积岩组合,火山岩主体为中酸性岩。通过对该地区长城纪火山岩分布特征、岩石学特征及地球化学特征进行分析研究,划分了2个火山喷发旋回。2个喷发旋回岩性无明显区别,均为一套中酸性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩、沉积岩建造。第一喷发旋回自下而上见7个喷发韵律,爆发指数为41.70%,喷溢指数24.51%,该旋回岩相总体表现为爆发—喷溢—沉积—爆发—沉积—爆发的特点;第二喷发旋回自下而上见4个喷发韵律,爆发指数为46.67%,喷溢指数为18.15%,该旋回岩相总体表现为爆发—沉积—爆发—沉积—爆发的特点,揭示了西昆仑库孜一带古塔里木陆块裂解古洋盆的演化特征,对研究该地区古陆块裂解具有一定的借鉴意义。     

孤南洼陷孤南30井沙三段岩石地层特征与有利储集层研究

本文以岩石学及沉积学为理论指导,以孤南30井沙三段的岩心、钻井、测井、录井、试油等资料为基础,对孤南30井沙河街组沙三段岩石地层的划分展开了研究,并寻找其有利储集层。研究表明:孤南30井沙河街组沙三段主要发育河流和湖泊两种类型沉积相,可分为4个砂层组,10个小层;沙三段中下部沉积水体较深,泥岩与砂岩互层,砂体含量增高,有利于形成良好的储集层,又发育有厚层灰质油泥岩,形成了较好的生储盖圈闭。     

Plate tectonic control on the formation and tectonic migration of Cenozoic basins in northern margin of the South China Sea

The tectonic evolution history of the South China Sea(SCS) is important for understanding the interaction between the Pacific Tectonic Domain and the Tethyan Tectonic Domain,as well as the regional tectonics and geodynamics during the multi-plate convergence in the Cenozoic.Several Cenozoic basins formed in the northern margin of the SCS,which preserve the sedimentary tectonic records of the opening of the SCS.Due to the spatial non-uniformity among different basins,a systematic study on the various basins in the northern margin of the SCS constituting the Northern Cenozoic Basin Group(NCBG) is essential.Here we present results from a detailed evaluation of the spatial-temporal migration of the boundary faults and primary unconformities to unravel the mechanism of formation of the NCBG.The NCBG is composed of the Beibu Gulf Basin(BBGB),Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB),Pearl River Mouth Basin(PRMB) and Taixinan Basin(TXNB).Based on seismic profiles and gravity-magnetic anomalies,we confirm that the NE-striking onshore boundary faults propagated into the northern margin of the SCS.Combining the fault slip rate,fault combination and a comparison of the unconformities in different basins,we identify NE-striking rift composed of two-stage rifting events in the NCBG:an early-stage rifting(from the Paleocene to the Early Oligocene) and a late-stage rifting(from the Late Eocene to the beginning of the Miocene).Spatially only the late-stage faults occurs in the western part of the NCBG(the BBGB,the QDNB and the western PRMB),but the early-stage rifting is distributed in the whole NCBG.Temporally,the early-stage rifting can be subdivided into three phases which show an eastward migration,resulting in the same trend of the primary unconformities and peak faulting within the NCBG.The late-stage rifting is subdivided into two phases,which took place simultaneously in different basins.The first and second phase of the early-stage rifting is related to back-arc extension of the Pacific subduction retreat system.The third phase of the earlystage rifting resulted from the joint effect of slab-pull force due to southward subduction of the proto-SCS and the back-arc extension of the Pacific subduction retreat system.In addition,the first phase of the late-stage faulting corresponds with the combined effect of the post-collision extension along the Red River Fault and slab-pull force of the proto-SCS subduction.The second phase of the late-stage faulting fits well with the sinistral faulting of the Red River Fault in response to the Indochina Block escape tectonics and the slab-pull force of the proto-SCS.     

海洋结构物小尺度桩柱的水动力系数研究与进展

本文主要归纳了基于Morison方程求解小尺度桩柱的水动力系数方面的研究成果。分别从单桩柱和群桩两个方面对水动力系数的研究成果,包括纯波、波流混合、横向力、直立桩柱、倾斜桩柱、复杂结构桩柱、粗糙度等进行了阐述,给出了在波流条件下水动力系数的变化规律;归纳了当前水动力系数的求解方法;介绍了在水动力系数的物模实验、数值仿真以及实验数据处理方法上的研究进展,并提出了相关研究的建议。     

全卷积网络和条件随机场相结合的全极化SAR土地覆盖分类

针对经典全卷积网络(fully convolution network,FCN)分类精度低、效果差,以及传统的极化合成孔径雷达(PolSAR)土地覆盖分类方法未充分考虑地物散射特性的问题,提出了一种结合改进FCN和条件随机场(conditional random field,CRF)的全极化SAR土地覆盖分类算法。首先,利用Freeman分解和Pauli分解建模全极化SAR影像,同时提取各分解对应的散射特征,参考Freeman分解散射功率获取其主散射分量对应的主散射地物;同时,借鉴在图像分类领域中具有卓越表现的FCN-Vgg19-8s网络,考虑其高层卷积参数量大和低层卷积模型参数优化程度不足,通过在高层和中层分别构建多尺度卷积组和代价函数设计了FCN-MD-8s网络,保证对整体模型参数进行降维和优化;以Freeman分解散射机理特征为基准,采用级连式迁移学习结构,实现FCN-MD-8s网络的模型训练和测试;然后,根据主散射分量所对应的主散射地物,在各分量预测图中提取出主特征地物,得到分量地物分类结果,并将其进行叠加得到全局粗分类;最后,利用全连接CRF结合Pauli相干分解重建假彩色图,对全局粗分类进行全局像素类别转移获得细分类结果。通过对分类结果定性和定量分析,可知提出算法具有有效性和可行性。     

Planktonic protist communities in semi-enclosed mariculture waters: temporal dynamics of functional groups and their responses to environmental conditions

The functional groups of planktonic protist communities and their responses to the changes of environmental conditions were investigated in a semi-enclosed shrimp-farming pond in Qingdao,Shandong Province,China,during a six-month study period (a complete shrimp-culture cycle) from May to October 2002.The results reveal that: (1) the protist communities represented five trophic and functional groups of the species identified,about 60% were photoautotrophs,20% algivores,12% bacterivores,5% raptors and about 3% non-selectives;(2) the photoautotrophs,algivores and bacterivores were the primary contributors to the changes in the protist communities in short temporal scales,the succession of dominance typically being bacterivores→photoautotrophs→algivores,with the raptors dominating the protist communities in a single sample (early June);(3) the photoautotrophs and non-selectives were the primary contributors to the peak of protist abundance in early October whereas the photoautotrophs,bacterivores,raptors and non-selectives mainly gave rise to two bimodal peaks of biomass in July and October respectively;(4) five functional groups of protist communities represented significant correlations with water nutrients (i.e.,NH 3-N,NO 3-N,and PO 4 ),either alone or in combination with temperature,of which algivores and raptors were strongly correlated with phosphate and the concentration of Chl a,while bacterivores were strongly related to nitrogen and the concentration of bacteria.These findings confirm that planktonic protists are potentially useful bioindicators of water quality in the semi-enclosed mariculture system.     

Time-domain analysis of second-harmonic generation of primary Lamb wave propagation in an elastic plate

Within the second-order perturbation approximation, this paper investigates the physical process of generation of the time-domain second harmonic by a primary Lamb wave waveform in an elastic plate. The present work is performed based on the preconditions that the phase velocity matching is satisfied and that the transfer of energy from the primary Lamb wave to the double frequency Lamb wave is not zero. It investigates the influences of the difference between the group velocities of the primary Lamb wave and the double frequency Lamb wave, the propagation distance and the duration of the primary Lamb wave waveform on the envelope shape of the time-domain second harmonic. It finds that the maximum magnitude of the envelope of the second-harmonic waveform can grow within some propagation distance even if the condition of group velocity matching is not satisfied. Our analyses also indicate that the maximum magnitude of the envelope of the second-harmonic waveform is kept constant beyond a specific propagation distance. Furthermore, it concludes that the integration amplitude of the time-domain second-harmonic waveform always grows with propagation distance within the second-order perturbation. The present research yields new physical insight not previously available into the effect of generation of the time-domain second harmonic by propagation of a primary Lamb wave waveform.     

应用FMI成像测井识别钙质结核及意义

结核属于一种矿物集合体,对于查明所赋存沉积物的沉积环境、沉积特征及演化历史等方面有重要意义,以往对于露头中出现的结核研究较为成熟。而对于井下发育的结核,缺乏有效手段对其形态、形成阶段及数量进行全面认识,致使结核理论在地质分析应用中受到极大限制。充分利用FMI成像测井纵、横向分辨率高、井眼覆盖率高、图像清晰等特点,对珠江口盆地琼海凸起珠江组大量发育的钙质结核形态及形成阶段做了详细研究,为认识研究区沉积环境及演化规律起到积极意义,同时也证明FMI成像测井资料为识别井下地层中发育的结核提供了一种有效手段。     

极坐标测量变形监测网稳定基准点组的检验

分析了全站仪极坐标测量变形监测网的特点,提出了利用坐标转换修正法进行稳定基准点组的检验方法,实现了变形监测网稳定基准点组的检验。     

云南哀牢山金矿带大坪金矿铂族元素(PGE)和Re-Os同位素地球化学及其矿床成因意义

采用镍硫火试金ICP-MS法和Carius管溶矿与ICP-MS联合测定法分析了云南大坪金矿各类金矿石和主要围岩的PGE和矿石矿物的Re-Os同位素组成,结果显示各类金矿石的ΣPGE变化较大,为(3.91~61.64)×10-9,平均25.93×10-9,与该区喜马拉雅期煌斑岩脉(22.19×10-9)相当,而高于加里东期闪长岩围岩((2.79~4.75)×10-9);金矿石Pt/Pt均低于1,为0.01~0.9,平均0.249,接近煌斑岩(0.45),而远低于闪长岩围岩的(1.38~1.57)。金矿石的球粒陨石标准化曲线显示明显的Pt和Ir负异常和Ru与Rh正异常,相似于煌斑岩脉的PGE配分模式,而明显区别于闪长岩围岩,显示大坪金矿成矿与幔源煌斑岩等基性岩脉的侵入有关,成矿物质主要不是来自闪长岩。PGE元素比值显示该区煌斑岩脉可能是由经历了基性岩浆抽提和交代作用形成的亏损地幔部分熔融产生的,其原始岩浆中S已达到饱和。大坪金矿矿石矿物的Re/Os比值均>1,为6.36~121.67,γOs(t)均为高正值,为290.21~810.24,平均492.92,187Os/188Os(t)为0.495~1.154,远高于金矿形成时(距今约33.55Ma)球粒陨石187Os/188Os的初始比值(0.12679),显示该矿成矿过程中有来自地壳的高放射性成因187Os的加入。PGE和Re-Os同位素组成显示大坪金矿的成因与该区新生代以来强烈的壳幔相互作用有关,其成矿流体主要来自地幔排气形成的深源地幔流体和下地壳脱水形成的富CO2流体,韧性剪切带提供了流体运移和汇聚的通道,深源流体与闪长岩之间的水/岩反应和沸腾作用导致物理化学条件的改变和矿质沉淀。大坪金矿属于典型的剪切带控制的深源热液型金矿。