The ocean as source or sink of reactive trace-gases

Summary After a brief review on recent experimental work on the uptake resp release of SO₂ and NH₃ by the ocean, new results on the distribution of these reactive trace-gases in the marine atmosphere are presented. In the case of SO₂ there is no doubt that the ocean acts as a sink. In the case of NH₃ new observations and calculations show that under certain conditions the ocean may be a NH₃ source.     

历史文献中气候信息的评价

本文对我国史料中所载气候信息进行了评价。结论是:①对于史料所载的某一气候事件,我们将其状态分辨取越细,所获取的信息越少;②在分析过程中,对误差要求低些,所获取的信息反而高些;③就已记录的气候事件而言,官方组织的记载所提供的气候信息最多,私人笔札次之,方志类书最次。     

A modified ISBA surface scheme for modeling the hydrology of Athabasca River Basin with GCM-scale data

A soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer model (SVAT), interactions between the soil–biosphere–atmosphere (ISBA) of Météo France, is modified and applied to the Athabasca River Basin (ARB) to model its water and energy fluxes. Two meteorological datasets are used: the archived forecasts from the Meteorological Survey of Canada’s Global Environmental Multiscale Model (GEM) and the European Centre for Mid-range Weather Forecasts global re-analysis (ERA-40), representing spatial scales typical of a weather forecasting model and a global circulation model (GCM), respectively. The original treatment of soil moisture and rainfall in ISBA (OISBA) is modified to statistically account for sub-grid heterogeneity of soil moisture and rainfall to produce new, highly non-linear formulations for surface and sub-surface runoff (MISBA). These new formulations can be readily applied to most existing SVATs. Stand alone mode simulations using the GEM data demonstrate that MISBA significantly improves streamflow predictions despite requiring two fewer parameters than OISBA. Simulations using the ERA-40 data show that it is possible to reproduce the annual variation in monthly, mean annual, and annual minimum flows at GCM scales without using downscaling techniques. Finally, simulations using a simple downscaling scheme show that the better performance of higher resolution datasets can be primarily attributed to improved representation of local variation of land cover, topography, and climate.     

区域发展规划的人地系统动力学基础

区域发展规划研究的出发点是人地关系地域系统和可持续发展战略 ,人地关系的协调共生是区域发展规划的灵魂。文章依据耗散结构理论的基本观点提出了人地系统协调共生的4种状态 ,重点分析了人地系统组成要素及其相互关系在时空层次上的动态关联方式及动力结构 ,旨在为编制区域发展规划奠定坚实的动力学基础。     

河南省地热资源开发利用现状评价

基于河南省地热资源特点及其开发利用现状的基础上,分析总结了河南省各种类型地热水的开采情况。首先应用已采量与可采量的比值作为评价标准将地热水的开发利用程度为五类,评价了整个河南省新生界地热水、基岩地热水、温泉水的开发利用情况以及各地市城区的地热开采情况,提出河南省应积极地推广地热资源利用,对开采过热的地区要注意防止地热水位下降过快,对开采一般的地区要注意适度开发,对其他地区要结合自身实际鼓励开发。     

闽赣跨断层短水准地点可视化系统设计与实现

针对闽赣地区24个短水准场地现有水准测量数据多而缺乏统一有效管理的问题,提出了建立地图服务发布及数据管理分析一体化系统的方案。在方案设计的基础上,结合Access数据库、ArcGIS Server、Android开发平台、.NET及相关ArcEngine开发平台,构建地图服务发布及数据库管理服务器端、桌面应用端、移动应用端,开发实现了统一式数据管理、地图服务发布、数据分析应用等功能,从而为闽赣地区地震监测提供决策分析支持。     

THE CONTRASTS BETWEEN STRONG AND WEAK MJO ACTIVITY OVER THE EQUATORIAL WESTERN PACIFIC IN WINTER

This paper investigates the contrasts between strong and weak Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) activity over the equatorial western Pacific during winter using the NCEP reanalysis data. It is shown that the MJO over the equatorial western Pacific in winter shows significant interannual and interdecadal variabilities. During the winters with strong MJO activity, an anomalous cyclonic circulation lies east of the Philippines, strong anomalous easterlies control the equatorial eastern Pacific, and anomalous westerlies extend from the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific in the lower troposphere, which strengthens the convergence and convection over the equatorial western Pacific. The moisture convergence in the lower troposphere is also enhanced over the western Pacific, which is favorable to the activity of MJO. Eastward propagation is a significant feature of the MJO, though there is some westward propagation. The space-time spectral power and center period of the MJO are higher during strong MJO activity winters. The anomalous activity of MJO is closely related to the sea surface temperature (SST) and East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). During strong MJO activity winters, there are positive/negative anomalies at high/low latitudes in both sea level pressure and 500 hPa geopotential height, and the temperature is lower over the central part of the Chinese mainland, which indicates a strong EAWM. China experiences more rainfall between the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, but less rainfall south of the Yangtze River. The SSTA is negative near the Taiwan Island due to the impact of strong EAWM and shows a La Ni?a pattern anomaly over the eastern Pacific. During the weak MJO activity winters, the situation is reversed.     

基于SFTP的GNSS数据采集软件的设计与实现

本文首先对GNSS数据产品服务平台的建设背景及其系统设计框架进行概述,进而介绍了平台的关键组成模块——GNSS数据采集软件。因GNSS数据采集要求安全可靠,调研后引入了SFTP安全文件传输技术,并开展了基于SFTP技术的采集软件方案的设计与实现。该方案保证了数据采集的简便、稳定和安全,为服务平台的整体建设与运行提供了有效保障。     

基于地貌结构与汇水特征的沟谷节点提取与分析——以陕北黄土高原为例

沟谷节点是流域中线状沟谷或河网的交汇点,集中反映了沟谷的地貌结构和水文特征。有效获取并分析沟谷节点的结构与特征规律,对于系统、深入地研究流域地貌的空间形态结构、径流特征具有重要的作用。利用陕北黄土高原多地貌类型为实验区,设计并实现了基于高精度DEM的沟谷节点提取算法模型和等级标定方法,获取了实验区各级沟谷节点的数量和汇水值;运用数学模型分析法,分析了沟谷节点的数量和汇水值的分级数量关系,得到了具体的数学模拟方程;同时,运用等差分级的方式,分析了汇水累积量级差在不同地貌区的差异,初步探讨了地表形态在空间上的分异规律。