镁铁-超镁铁层状侵入体研究现状

本文主要探讨了镁铁 -超镁铁层状侵入体的一般特征及成因机制 ,并对世界上著名的斯开利戛德、布什维尔德、斯蒂尔沃特层状侵入体和我国攀西层状侵入体的岩石学和地球化学特征进行了总结和对比。     

华北陆块南缘熊耳群形成时代讨论

分布于豫、晋、陕3省的熊耳群火山岩系不整合覆盖于太古界及下元古界结晶基底之上,其上被汝阳群、官道口群等陆源碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩地层不整合覆盖.已有的各种熊耳群年龄资料为1.40～1.85 Ga,故常认为其形成标志着中元古代的开始,并将它与蓟县剖面的长城系对比.豫西熊耳山地区马家河组顶部的流纹斑岩和侵入于鸡蛋坪组的辉石闪长岩的单颗粒锆石U-Pb和激光探针等离子体质谱(LP-ICPMS)年龄表明:熊耳群形成于古元古代1.75～1.95 Ga,早于长城系;火山喷发开始于1.95 Ga±,中心可能在豫西的熊耳山或崤山地区,形成豫西崤山、熊耳山、外方山地区的许山组和鸡蛋坪组;大约在1.85 Ga±,火山活动可能以崤山地区为中心呈三叉裂谷系分别向西、东和北3个方向发展,形成覆盖全区的马家河组;末期(1.75 Ga±)可能仅在豫西地区形成次火山-侵入岩——辉石闪长岩类.不整合覆盖于熊耳群之上的汝阳群云梦山组和官道口群高山河组的形成时代相当于长城系.     

新疆东准噶尔中酸性浅成岩金、铜成矿系列

中酸性浅成岩金，铜矿床是新疆东准噶尔地区一个重要的新成矿系列，通过总结有关中酸性小岩体及其典型矿床的基本特征，将该成矿系列划分为浅成岩－构造蚀变岩型金矿，类夕卡岩型铜钼矿，细脉浸染型（斑岩型）铜，金矿及隐爆角砾岩型脉状铜矿等基本矿化类型，并探讨了有关典型矿床的REE特征，建立了该成矿系列的总体成矿模式，认为该成矿系列受控于海西中晚期的中酸性浅成小杂岩体，其岩石化学成分，REE特征及成矿作用方式具有明显的相似性。     

天山西南段乌恰—柯坪地区航磁磁场特征与成矿远景预测

本文以1998年1：20万航空磁测资料为基础，参考地质和化探资料，对工作区磁场特征、岩浆岩、断裂构造与矿产分布的关系进行探讨，研究地质成矿环境，建立寻找热液型和火山－沉积型的铜、铅、锌、金、铁、锰矿找矿标志，对本区找矿远景进行了预测。     

江西相山火山—侵入杂岩及其包体希土元素地球化学

本文综合性地报道了江西相山中生代中、酸性火山－侵入杂岩的稀土元素地球化学研究，以探讨基底变质岩、火山岩、次火山岩及闪长质包体之间的成因联系和差异性。认为此套火山－侵入杂岩具同源演化关系，推测它们均来源于前震旦系结晶基底，成因上属于陆壳重熔型。这与前人对此研究的主流观点是一致的，同时更具有完整性和系统性。     

Delineation of capture zones for municipal wells in fractured dolomite, Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, USA

A wellhead protection study for the city of Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, USA, demonstrates the necessity of combining detailed hydrostratigraphic analysis with groundwater modeling to delineate zones of contribution for municipal wells in a fractured dolomite aquifer. A numerical model (MODFLOW) was combined with a particle tracking code (MODPATH) to simulate the regional groundwater system and to delineate capture zones for municipal wells. The hydrostratigraphic model included vertical and horizontal fractures and high-permeability zones. Correlating stratigraphic interpretations with field data such as geophysical logs, packer tests, and fracture mapping resulted in the construction of a numerical model with five high-permeability zones related to bedding planes or facies changes. These zones serve as major conduits for horizontal groundwater flow. Dipping fracture zones were simulated as thin high-permeability layers. The locations of exposed bedrock and surficial karst features were used to identify areas of enhanced recharge. Model results show the vulnerability of the municipal wells to pollution. Capture zones for the wells extend several kilometers north and south from the city. Travel times from recharge areas to all wells were generally less than one year. The high seasonal variability of recharge in the study area made the use of a transient model necessary. Electronic Publication     

Radiocarbon dating of dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater from confined parts of the Upper Floridan aquifer, Florida, USA

Geochemical reaction models were evaluated to improve radiocarbon dating of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in groundwater from confined parts of the Upper Floridan aquifer in central and northeastern Florida, USA. The predominant geochemical reactions affecting the ¹⁴C activity of DIC include (1) dissolution of dolomite and anhydrite with calcite precipitation (dedolomitization), (2) sulfate reduction accompanying microbial degradation of organic carbon, (3) recrystallization of calcite (isotopic exchange), and (4) mixing of fresh water with as much as 7% saline water in some coastal areas. The calculated cumulative net mineral transfers are negligibly small in upgradient parts of the aquifer and increase significantly in downgradient parts of the aquifer, reflecting, at least in part, upward leakage from the Lower Floridan aquifer and circulation that contacted middle confining units in the Floridan aquifer system. The adjusted radiocarbon ages are independent of flow path and represent travel times of water from the recharge area to the sample point in the aquifer. Downgradient from Polk City (adjusted age 1.7 ka) and Keystone Heights (adjusted age 0.4 ka), 14 of the 22 waters have adjusted ¹⁴C ages of 20–30 ka, indicating that most of the fresh-water resource in the Upper Floridan aquifer today was recharged during the last glacial period. All of the paleowaters are enriched in ¹⁸O and ²H relative to modern infiltration, with maximum enrichment in δ¹⁸O of approximately 2.0‰. Electronic Publication     

Geochemical Characteristics of the Cenozoic Volcanic Rocks in Central Qiangtang, Tibet: Relation with the Uplift of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau

1. Introduction The uplift and evolution of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau has been the most important projects for studying the dynamic process of the plateau, and the uplift mechanism and history are the essential problems. Researches have been done extensively in terms of tectonics, sedimentology, geophysics, paleontology, paleoclimate and paleomagnetism for several tens of years. Many evolution models have been suggested but so far none of them have been explained perfectly. In recent years,…     

南秦岭西乡群孙家河组火山岩形成构造背景及其大地构造意义的讨论

西乡群孙家河组火山岩形成于晚泥盆-早石炭世,组内火山熔岩主要为一套亚碱性玄武岩和安山岩,具有高Ba及显著的Nb、Ta亏损,其Th/Yb、Ta/Yb、Th/Ta、Nb/La和Ti/Zr、Ti/Y等不活动痕量元素组合指示其形成于大陆边缘弧(活动陆缘)环境.这套火山岩在区域上可能与勉略带相联,指示南秦岭泥盆-石炭纪期间一个古洋盆的存在和发育.     

Hydrostatic pressure tests for the permeability - formation factor relation on crystalline rocks from the KTB drilling project

Transport properties (permeability and electrical conductivity) have been measured at different hydrostatic pressure runs on 7 crystalline rocks (gneisses and amphibolites) sampled from the KTB drilling project. The decrease of permeability by pressure are compared with the pressure-dependent data of the electrical conductivity (formation factor) resulting from complex impedance measurements. According to the equivalent-channel model (ECM), there exists a linear relationship between these parameters by representing both properties on logarithmic scales. The results show that it is possible to extrapolate high-pressure permeability from low-pressure (< 60 MPa) permeability data by using the pressure-dependent electrical conductivity (up to 300 MPa).