炭窑口矿区基性火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

为探讨炭窑口矿区变质基性火山岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义,对其产出特征、岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学等方面进行了综合分析研究。结果表明,其原岩为钾质细碧岩,属碱性火山岩,富集轻稀土和不相容元素,而亏损重稀土和相容元素(如Nb、Ta和Ti),具有与火山弧基性火山岩相似的地球化学特征。其稀土元素分配型式表明其成岩物质来源于地幔。通过构造环境分析,并结合区域地质资料,认为矿区变质基性火山岩的形成构造环境为大陆边缘火山弧造山带。     

东昆仑石榴石闪长玢岩的形成机制及其对埃达克岩成因的制约

本文报道在东昆仑地区发现的一种较为稀少的含石榴石英云闪长玢岩,这也是此类岩石在中国的首次发现。该次火山岩形成于晚三叠纪,主要由富钙(CaO5 wt%)、贫锰(MnO3 wt%)的石榴石,富铝的角闪石(15.9 wt%),中性斜长石和石英等斑晶以及基质物质组成。岩石含有中等的SiO_2(61.1～62.2wt%),低的MgO(2.0 wt%),K_2O(1.3 wt%)以及较高的Al_2O_3(17 wt%)含量,呈现出次铝质至轻微过铝质的特征(ACNK=0.89～1.05)。在微量元素方面,该岩石富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,同时亏损Nb-Ta-Ti,显示出典型的消减带特征。而异常低的重稀土(Yb0.8×10~(-6))和相对高的Sr/Y比值(约38)表明石榴石是一个残留相,而较高的Al_2O_3含量,大多为正的铕异常反映了斜长石因结晶受到抑制而在岩浆演化晚期的聚集,同时表明岩浆具有较高的水含量。Nd-Sr同位素组成(ε_(Nd)(t)=-2.33～-1.38;~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr=0.706 5～0.706 7)和斜长石的反向分带显示,壳幔间岩浆混合作用在岩体的形成过程中扮演了重要角色。石榴石斑晶和其中的钛铁矿包体均含有较低的MgO,且包裹石榴石的角闪石形成于较高的压力(8～10 kb)条件下,显示这些矿物结晶自一个长英质岩浆中,且很可能形成于壳幔过渡带附近。尽管该岩石在富铝、低重稀土、高Sr/Y等很多方面均类似于埃达克岩石,但其中等含量的Sr(260×10~(-6))和La/Yb比值(16～21)却明显低于典型的埃达克岩和太古代的TTG。结合石榴石斑晶中广泛存在的磷灰石包体以及其较高的Sr和轻稀土分配系数,本文提出在岩浆演化早期结晶的磷灰石有效地降低了残余熔体中的Sr和轻稀土。这进一步表明,即使在高水逸度的条件下,磷灰石在岩浆早期的大量结晶可以有效地阻止一些弧岩浆演化成为埃达克质岩石。     

新疆谢米斯台地区中段火山岩岩石学、地球化学及其含矿性研究

新疆西准噶尔谢米斯台山地区位于西伯利亚板块与准噶尔板块之间的古生代萨吾尔—阿尔曼太复合岛弧内。该地区的火山岩以安山岩—英安岩—流纹岩组合为主,有少量的粗面岩产出。在地球化学特征上,火山岩SiO_2含量变化范围较大(53.91～75.71 wt%),K_2O/Na_2O比值为0.45～1.89,Al_2O_3含量较高(10.81～17.94 wt%),铁含量低(1.20～7.26 wt%),TiO_2含量低(0.19～1.78 wt%),大离子亲石元素及轻稀土元素富集,微量元素具岛弧火山岩特征;地球化学的特征以及在该地区发现的大量铜矿化,预示着该地区将是一个有利的成矿远景区。     

柴达木盆地石炭系沉积相及其与烃源岩的关系

在实地观测柴达木盆地石炭系野外露头剖面岩性和生物特征的基础上,详细研究了柴达木盆地石炭系的沉积相类型及特征,探讨了石炭纪不同阶段的沉积演化以及沉积相对烃源岩发育的控制作用。柴达木盆地石炭系主要发育陆表海,可划分为三大沉积相:滨岸相、碳酸盐岩台地相、浅海陆棚相;六个亚相:浅滩亚相、潮坪亚相、沼泽亚相、开阔台地亚相、局限台地亚相、内陆棚亚相。石炭纪沉积演化经历了早石炭世两次海侵和晚石炭世的持续海侵,沉积环境由滨海向浅海过渡,以海陆交互沉积环境为主,大面积的海进使得北部山前局部地区出现地层超覆现象。沉积相控制了烃源岩的分布:柴达木盆地东北缘石炭系的潮坪亚相、浅海陆棚亚相广泛发育泥岩、炭质泥岩及碳酸盐岩,可作为有利的生烃源岩;柴西南缘下石炭统的局限台地亚相是碳酸盐台地上局部相对闭塞的地带,由于水体相对较深,水动能较低,沉积物中有机质丰富,也是有利的生烃源岩发育区。      

冈底斯造山带两套不同成矿体系的含矿斑岩对比研究

Cu(Mo、Au)矿化和Pb-Zn-Ag矿化分别是冈底斯成矿带南缘和北缘最重要的成矿作用,目前在冈底斯南缘发现了长达350km、宽40km的斑岩铜矿带,对该成矿带铜矿化及相关斑岩已有深入研究,而北缘的Pb-Zn-Ag矿化及相关斑岩还刚为人们所认识。纳如松多银铅锌矿是冈底斯北缘Pb-Zn-Ag矿化带的典型矿床之一,并出露未风化的斑岩。与冈底斯南部铜矿带斑岩相比较,纳如松多斑岩具有高Si,低Ti、Ca、Mg和极度贫Na的特点;总体上富集Th、U等大离子亲石元素,而Ba、Sr、P等元素则明显亏损;稀土元素配分模式为略微右倾的燕型模式,轻、重稀土元素分异不明显,具有明显的Eu负异常。纳如松多斑岩与林子宗群典中组火山岩在空间上和时间上具有非常紧密的联系,整体上也具有较为相似的地球化学特征,应与典中组火山岩具有相同的岩浆起源,即主碰撞期后仍然残留的新特提斯洋板片及卷入的陆源沉积物的部分熔融形成的原始岩浆;原始岩浆经过约75%的斜长石分离结晶后,在主碰撞期典中组火山岩喷发后上侵形成纳如松多斑岩。     

Proterozoic volcanism in the Jack Hills Belt,Western Australia: Some implications and consequences for the World's oldest zircon population

Rare felsic volcanic rocks of dacitic to rhyolitic composition occur in the central part of the Jack Hills metasedimentary belt in the Narryer Terrane of Western Australia, interleaved with clastic sedimentary rocks and amphibolite. Representative samples of the four identified felsic volcanic units reveal a similar complex pattern of zircon age distribution, with all samples containing zircon populations at ∼3.3–3.4, ∼3.0–3.1, ∼2.6 and ∼1.8–1.9 Ga. The ∼3.3–3.4 Ga zircons show well-developed oscillatory zoning in cathodoluminescence (CL) images and are interpreted as inherited igneous zircon derived from granitic precursors, similar to the ∼3.3 Ga trondhjemitic granitoids currently exposed along the northern and southern margins of the belt. The ∼3.0–3.1 Ga zircons also reveal well-developed oscillatory zoning in CL and are most likely derived from granitoid and/or volcanic rocks of this age, as recorded in the Murchison domain to the south and possibly also present in the Narryer Terrane. The ∼2.6 Ga population matches the age of nearby late Archean granitoids intruding the Jack Hills belt and their oscillatory zoning and U–Th chemistry is consistent with their origin from such a source. The youngest discrete group of zircon grains, with ages ranging from ∼1970 to ∼1775 Ma, show strong oscillatory zoning and average Th/U ratios of 0.76, features consistent with an igneous origin. These younger zircons are therefore interpreted as defining the age of crystallisation of the volcanic rocks. These results establish that the Jack Hills metasedimentary belt contains significant post-Archean components. Taken together with similar results obtained from zircon occurring as detrital grains in clastic sedimentary rocks at Jack Hills, these results overturn the generally-accepted view that the belt is entirely Archean in age and that sedimentation was completed around 3.0 Ga ago. Instead, there is a distinct possibility that much of the material currently exposed in the Jack Hills belt formed in the Proterozoic. A further implication of this study is that the metamorphism affecting these rocks also occurred in the Proterozoic and consequently the rocks should not be considered as forming an Archean greenstone or metasedimentary belt. The paucity of zircons >4 Ga in the known Proterozoic sedimentary rocks and their total absence in the felsic volcanic rocks suggests that such ancient source rocks were no longer present in the area.     

≥3700 Ma pre-metamorphic dolomite formed by microbial mediation in the Isua supracrustal belt (W. Greenland): Simple evidence for early life?

Chemical (meta)sedimentary rocks in the amphibolite facies ≥3700 Ma Isua supracrustal belt (W. Greenland) are mostly strongly deformed, so there is only a small chance of the survival of features such as stromatolites or microfossils that would be direct proof of a ≥3700 Ma biosphere. Therefore the search for evidence of ≥3700 Ma life in Isua rocks has focused on chemical signatures, particularly C-isotopes. The new approach presented here is based on whole rock chemistry rather than isotopic signatures. Isua chemical sedimentary rocks have Ca–Mg–Fe bulk compositions that coincide with ferroan dolomite – siderite/Fe-oxide mixtures. Most have low Al₂O₃, TiO₂ contents (<0.5 and <0.05 wt% respectively) showing minimal contamination from terriginous materials. Identical seawater-like REE + Y shale-normalised trace element signatures with La, Ce, Eu and Y positive anomalies are found in magnetite-rich banded iron formation (BIF – such as the geochemical standard IF-G), dolomite-rich rocks and quartz–carbonate–calc-silicate rocks. Additionally from a rare, small area of low deformation in Isua, there are ∼3700 Ma pillow lava interstices consisting of quartz + tremolite + calcite derived from pre-metamorphic dolomite + silica. Thus the dolomite in the chemical sediments and the pillow interstice was part of the pre-metamorphic assemblage, and was deposited from seawater and/or low-temperature groundwater (as shown by the REE + Y chemistry). Therefore, at least some Isua carbonate rocks are sedimentary or diagenetic in origin rather than being formed by metasomatism at 600–500 °C as proposed by Rose et al. (1996. American Journal of Science 296, 1004–1044).     

苏北盆地高邮凹陷侵入岩形成时期及成因机制探讨

通过对苏北盆地高邮凹陷的上、下两套侵入岩与断层的错断及其与构造运动强弱的关系、与油气成藏期的关系以及侵入岩的平面分布研究,提出了侵入岩的侵入时期为三垛期,而非盐城期。通过对晚白垩世以来苏北盆地各期构造运动及其伴生火山活动的分析,认为高邮凹陷侵入岩的成因主要由于晚始新世至渐新世末,该区发生了三垛运动,并发育一系列北东及北西向的断裂构造,导致了岩浆活动,并以侵入特征为主。     

黄骅坳陷古近系沙一段下部碳酸盐岩成岩作用

黄骅坳陷古近系沙河街组沙一段下部发育一套厚20～60m的湖相碳酸盐岩,并在生物灰岩、鲕粒灰(云)岩和泥晶白云岩中显示丰富的油气,具有良好的勘探前景。通过对研究区沙一段下部10余口钻井岩心、薄片的宏观及微观观察,结合地球化学特征,对成岩作用类型及特征进行较详细的研究,探讨了成岩作用与储集空间演化的关系。研究发现区内沙一段下部碳酸盐岩的成岩演化过程复杂,各种成岩作用发育,储层质量的好坏受成岩作用影响明显。压实压溶作用、多期方解石和白云石的胶结作用导致粒间孔、生物体腔孔和格架孔大幅度减少;混合水白云石化作用、同生期-准同生期和埋藏期溶解作用是优质储层形成的关键,形成了大量的晶间孔、晶间溶孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、生物体腔孔、粒间溶孔和溶蚀缝,成为现今该层段的主要储集空间。     

辽宁本溪大台沟铁矿地质特征

本溪大台沟铁矿床位于本溪市桥头镇,是近年来发现的最大的鞍山式铁矿床。该矿床为隐伏的超大型铁矿床,埋深1100～1200m,已控制矿体延长2000m,最大延深840m,最宽处1100m。矿体总体为近直立的厚板状体,夹石很少,为单一矿体。矿石类型为磁铁石英岩(磁铁矿石)、赤铁石英岩(赤铁矿石)及其过渡类型的磁铁赤铁石英岩(混合矿石)。矿石品位较均匀,矿床有害杂质含量低。初步估算333+332类资源量约34亿t。