新疆喀拉通克铜镍矿贵金属矿物定量研究

喀拉通克铜镍矿床产于漏斗状基性岩体中下部的橄榄苏长辉长岩相中,矿石类型分特富铜镍矿石(Ⅰ)、富铜贫镍矿石(Ⅱ)、贫铜贫镍矿石(Ⅲ)及富镍富铜矿石(Ⅳ).由于矿床物质成分复杂特别是金银铂钯矿物颗粒细、品位低、种类多,故首先在进行矿物定性研究的基础上,确定目的矿物的特殊富集流程.然后在人工重砂大样中富集目的矿物,并制成砂光薄片,有代表性的排定视域,引入电子探针-图象分析-计算机联机定量并辅以显微镜定量的综合方法对贵金属元素和矿物进行定量.联机方法是用电子探针以扫描方式提供颗粒电子象和元素X射线面分布象信号给出元素或共存元素的化学信息,对矿物颗粒进行分类,统计出个数及面积百分比.这种方法对微细杂矿物的定量工作颇有成效.     

奇异性理论在弱异常信息提取中的应用—以冀北隐伏中-酸性侵入岩体为例

冀北地区是河北省矿产资源重要聚集地之一,成矿条件优越,其中中-酸性侵入岩体与银铅锌多金属矿床成矿密切相关。然而,大量的第四系覆盖压制了一些深部及隐伏弱异常成矿信息,使得常规化探方法在该覆盖区提取效果微弱。本文运用奇异性分析及主成分分析对冀北1：20万水系沉积物常量元素化探数据进行分析处理,提取区内成矿元素弱异常,并将其与未进行奇异性处理的结果进行对比。结合区域地质背景、物化探资料圈定覆盖区内与中-酸性侵入岩体有关的异常区,对成矿作用、成矿规律进行分析、讨论,以期揭示区内元素富集规律。结果显示,上述组合方法可以有效提取元素弱异常并进行成矿有利区圈定,并且圈定位置与已知岩体位置、区域构造条件相吻合,共圈出隐伏异常点7个,推测其为成矿远景区。     

An Overview on the Composition and Age of Upper Crust of Proto-Tethyan Lajishan Intra-oceanic Arc, NE Tibet Plateau

Identification and anatomy of oceanic arcs within ancient orogenic belt are significant for better understanding the tectonic framework and closure process of paleo-ocean basin. This article summarizes the geological, geochemical, and geochronological characteristics of upper crust of Proto-Tethyan Lajishan intra-oceanic arc and provides new data to constrain the subduction evolution of the South Qilian Ocean. The intra-oceanic arc volcanic rocks, including intermediate–mafic lava, breccia, tuff, and minor felsic rocks, are distributed along southern part of the Lajishan ophiolite belt. Geochemical and isotopic compositions indicate that the intermediate–mafic lava were originated from depleted mantle contaminated by sediment melts or hydrous fluids, whereas the felsic rocks were likely generated by partial melting of juvenile mafic crust in intra-oceanic arc setting. Zircons from felsic rocks yield consistent and concordant ages ranging from 506 to 523 Ma, suggesting these volcanic rocks represent the relicts of upper crust of the Cambrian intra-oceanic arc. Combined with the Cambrian forearc ophiolite and accretionary complex, we suggest that the Cambrian intra-oceanic arc in the Lajishan ophiolite belt is belonging to the intra-oceanic arc system which was generated by south-directed subduction in the South Qilian Ocean at a relatively short interval between approximately 530 and 480 Ma.     

庐枞火山盆地深部岩石与成矿过程

黄铁矿-硬石膏-磁铁矿矿石为典型矿石的金属矿床产于长江中下游中生代火山盆地,庐枞火山岩盆地。丰富的铁矿和黄铁矿床,主要分布在火山岩和潜火山岩里,同时也分布于盆地周边。火山岩石主要是钾玄岩-粗安岩-粗面岩组合。在深部,与它们的成分对应的岩浆岩石是碱性辉长岩-辉石二长岩-正长岩组合,如缺口辉长岩,杨山地区的辉石正长岩。火山岩和深部的辉长岩-二长岩-正长岩都经历了多次水热活动。黄铁矿-硬石膏-磁铁矿矿床主要伴随两套蚀变,即,火山岩石的大面积深色蚀变(硬石膏-辉石-长石蚀变岩)和浅色蚀变(硅化泥化)。在二长-正长岩与火山岩石的接触带,有强烈的类云英岩石(电气石-石英-云母组合)。在缺口辉长岩里,曾经发现大量磁铁矿脉(磁铁矿-方柱石-方钠石-石榴石组合)。在杨山和马口地区,正长岩里的铁矿是辉石钾长石磁铁矿组合及阳起石-磷灰石-磁铁矿组合。二长-正长岩体在盆地里广泛分布,在大范围内是几乎是层状的。调查研究表明:火山盆地底部辉长岩-二长岩-正长岩组合与铁矿有关。盆地里深部岩石和成矿作用存在有垂直分布特性。上面是喷发岩石,及潜火山岩石,下面是深部的碱性辉长岩-二长岩-正长岩杂岩体。中间有过渡带,岩墙岩席带。上面是与钾玄岩-粗安岩层和潜火山岩石里赋存的磁铁矿和黄铁矿床,下面有产于碱性辉长岩-二长岩-正长岩里也有铁矿化。蚀变岩石地质年代的初步研究发现:罗河铁矿的深部钠长石化岩石,与马口铁矿附近的正长岩石的地质年代接近(110～119Ma)。事实说明,在火山岩和潜水火山岩石里成矿作用和深部岩浆岩里成矿作用可能是同时发生的。20～435℃条件下正长岩石与水的反应动力学实验表明,在400℃左右时正长岩最容易被溶解。正长岩与水反应后,也会形成一个携带金属的流体。水岩相互作用实验提供了认识深部岩石性质的依据,有利于理解对深部的地球物理探测结果。     

西藏阿里西部地区中酸性侵入岩的岩石化学研究

西藏阿里西部地区中、酸性侵入岩广泛分布在冈底斯、北喜马拉雅、高喜马拉雅三个构造带中。钾-氩同位素年龄为189—2.2Ma,可以分为燕山早期、中期、晚期,喜山早期、中期五个侵入期。岩石化学、稀土元素和锶同位素的研究表明,形成本区石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩的岩浆,来源于下地壳;形成花岗岩的岩浆,来源于上地壳.     

Modelling the internal stress field in argillaceous rocks under humidification/desiccation

This paper deals with analytical and numerical modelling of the internal stress generated in argillaceous rocks during humidification/desiccation processes, which is an essential issue for damage study. This local stress field arises from two mechanisms: (i) complex interactions between free swelling/shrinking clay matrix and non‐strained inclusions of carbonate and quartz and (ii) a self‐restraint effect induced by the moisture gradient during the transient moisture exchange process. The inclusion–matrix interaction is investigated in different cases. Firstly, the analytical solution of the stress around a cylindrical inclusion embedded in an infinite swelling matrix is derived: The inclusion would suffer tension (compression) under humidification (desiccation), and the resulting cracking patterns are discussed. Then, the problem of two inclusions with different distances in an infinite swelling matrix is considered, and it is shown that the local stress around an inclusion will be perturbed and amplified by neighbouring inclusions. Finally, an inclusion outcropping at the free surface of a swelling matrix is modelled as to investigate the effect of free surface: The inclusion–matrix interface undergoes shear stresses of which the maximum is found at the free surface. In addition to the inclusion–matrix interaction, the self‐restraint effect is investigated: The induced stress is maximal at the beginning of humidification/desiccation processes and vanishes gradually with time. The quantity of the self‐restraint stress is strongly controlled by the hydric loading rate. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

华北克拉通基性火山岩高场强元素对Ar-Pt界限及新生代地幔源区特征的示踪

华北克拉通不同时代基性火山岩存在向富集方向演化的趋势,并出现明显的Ａｒ－Ｐｔ界限和新生代异常．元古宙基性火山岩比太古宙富集大部分高场强元素（ＨＦＳＥ）和轻稀土元素（ＬＲＥＥ）,ＲＥＥ分异程度显著增加,而且相容性接近的不相容元素（如Ｎｂ,Ｔａ）的相对不相容性发生了改变．新生代玄武岩ＨＦＳＥ及Ｎｉ高度富集,ＲＥＥ强烈分异,δ（Ｅｕ）值最高．Ａｒ－Ｐｔ界限可能与地幔熔融时物理条件（如氧逸度）的改变和地幔富集作用有关．新生代玄武岩独特的地球化学特征可能主要反映了地幔源区的特殊性———“似ＯＩＢ型”富集地幔,其形成既可能有携带远洋沉积物的俯冲古老玄武岩洋壳部分熔融残余的贡献,也可能有直接循环（如通过拆沉作用）的陆壳物质的贡献,同时还可能涉及了地幔柱活动的影响．     

东营凹陷波动古湖相烃源岩沉积特征

以东营凹陷牛38井为例,研究显示,该井沙河街组沙三段烃源岩的沉积特征具有明显的波动性．宏观上体现为, 构造因素控制湖盆的整体升降和沉积构造旋回,但季节性气候及其它因素的影响使湖盆呈现次级旋回的复合性沉积．微观上表现为纹层的不连续性及生物扰动构造等事件性沉积.古湖面不同幅度的波动和变化导致相对稳定的泥岩沉积的不稳定性,有机质的分布也呈现较显著的非均质性．湖泊的沉积过程影响了微量元素、有机质以及烃源物质的分布,水体较深、盐度较高的沙三段下部多数微量元素含量较高以及B／Ca、Sr／Ba呈现高值;水体较浅、盐度较低的沙三段中部各元素的分布较为稳定,B／Ca、Sr／Ba比值及Sr的含量均显著降低.波动性沉积导致烃源岩呈现明显的优劣性分布,沙三段下部中的有机质富集,为优质烃源岩;沙三段中部的有机质分布较为分散,生排烃的资源潜力有限．     

内蒙古西部额济纳旗及邻区上石炭统—下二叠统阿木山组火山岩的地球化学特征

分析了上石炭统小独山阶—下二叠统紫松阶阿木山组玄武岩地球化学特征,对玄武岩类型、岩石特征、构造环境等进行了探讨,结合前人的研究成果,阐述了石炭纪—二叠纪盆地的基本性质。Zr/TiO2-Nb/Y、SiO2-TFeO/MgO和Zr-Y-Nb图解显示,玄武岩类型主要为亚碱性的拉斑玄武岩;稀土元素球粒陨石配分模式为右倾曲线,(La/Yb）N值较高,轻重稀土元素分馏较强,(Gd/Lu）N值相对较低,重稀土元素分馏较弱,δEu在0.87~1.11之间,无明显Eu异常;N-MORB标准化的微量元素蛛网图显示,K2O、Rb、Ba、Th等不相容元素富集,Hf、Nb、Y等亏损。Zr-Zr/Y和Ta/Hf-Th/Hf构造环境图解表明,该玄武岩产于陆内裂谷,指示晚石炭世—早二叠世额济纳旗及其邻区已进入了陆内演化阶段,为拉张作用下的陆内裂谷（裂陷）盆地。     

岩浆岩侵入煤层的地震属性识别技术

岩浆岩体严重影响井田的煤质、储量等,对采区工作面布置、巷道掘进及回采工作造成严重的影响,因而探测岩浆岩侵入煤层的范围对煤矿安全高效生产具有重大意义。在总结岩浆岩侵入体的地质特征基础上,建立岩浆侵入煤层地震地质模型,通过正演,对多种属性进行交互分析,发现主频能量属性与振幅类属性对岩浆岩反应较为敏感,并且随着岩浆岩厚度的逐渐增加能量类与振幅类属性逐渐降低。通过对QN煤矿103工作面高密度三维地震资料连井剖面10煤进行属性分析,发现频带宽度、中心频率、主振幅属性可以较好地识别岩浆侵入区。通过对勘探区10煤层进行频带宽度、中心频率和主振幅属性分析识别岩浆侵入区,其识别结果与钻孔实际揭露吻合较好,证明采用地震属性识别技术可以识别煤层岩浆岩侵入区范围。