Carbonatitic Volcanic Genesis of Hetaoqing Fe-Cu Deposit in Central Yunnan, China

Abstract. The Kunyang rift on western margin of Yangtze Platform is a continental rift, and also a rare Precambrian Fe-Cu mineralization zone in China. The Wuding-Lufeng mineralization area in the middle section of the rift is an important part of the zone, and an elliptic-shaped volcanic collapsed basin, controlled by a ring fracture system with carbonatitic volcanic rocks mainly occurring along the northwestern edge of the basin. The Hetaoqing Fe-Cu ore deposit at the western side of the basin is hosted in carbonatitic volcanic rocks and pyroclastic sedimentary rocks. The original ore bodies occur as layers, bands and lenses conformable to the host carbonatitic rocks. The ores usually appear as massive, impregnated and granular in carbonatitic rocks, and as brecciform and sandy in pyroclastic sedimentary rocks. Ore-forming minerals are magnetite, hematite, chalcopy-rite, bornite, pyrite, carrollite, molybdenite, cobaltite and skinnerite, and secondary minerals limonite, chalcocite, azurite, malachite and tenorite. Gangue minerals are calcite, dolomite, ankerite, common hornblende, arfvedsonite, augite, aegirine-augite, albite, phlogopite, biotite, chlorite and apatite. Evidences of mineral chemistry, trace elements and isotopic ratios of ores, as well as geological features, suggest that the original ores are igneous in origin. Chemical features of magnetites in the deposit belong to carbonatite type, and are similar to those from the Bayan Obo carbonatites. The ores are rich in iron, titanium, rare earth elements, niobium, tantalum, gold, silver, phosphor and sulfur. These features indicate that the Fe-Cu deposit associated with volcanic activity in the Wuding-Lufeng basin is alkali-carbonatite volcanic type.     

新疆富蕴县乔夏哈拉铜(金)矿床成因

新疆乔夏哈拉铜(金)矿床为阿尔泰陆缘裂谷带早—中泥盆世火山岩地层中的一个重要矿床类型,其成因尚待探证。通过分析其成矿环境、探矿规律、火山作用及成矿物质来源等,认为该矿床为海相火山喷流沉积成因的层控矽卡岩型矿床。     

新疆北山地区中坡山北镁铁质岩体岩石地球化学与岩石成因

中坡山北镁铁质岩体位于新疆北山裂谷带的中带,岩体形态为相互联通的岩盆状,出露面积约180km~2。由角闪辉长岩、橄榄辉石岩、橄榄辉长岩、苏长辉长岩和斜长岩组成,岩相带呈同心环状展布,相互间呈渐变过渡关系。锆石U-Pb法同位素年龄为274+4Ma。岩相学、岩石化学、造岩矿物晶体化学和稀土元素地球化学特征均显示了非常发育的分离结晶作用。橄榄辉石岩和橄榄辉长岩主要由早期结晶相聚集而成,橄榄石是最初的液相线相,单斜辉石是数量最多的分离结晶相。斜长岩由残余岩浆结晶而成。母岩浆应该是高镁的拉斑玄武岩浆。Nd、Sr、Pb同位素组成和岩石地球化学特征充分证明了岩浆与围岩之间的物质交换。同化混染作用明显地改变了侵入岩的同位素组成和大离子亲石元素丰度。除斜长岩外,各种岩石的TiO_2、Na：O、K_2O、大离子亲石元素和稀土元素丰度均很低,受同化混染作用影响较小的样品的ε_Nd(t)=+6．80,这些特征证明其岩浆源区属亏损型地幔。FeO~*和SiO_2含量证明,熔融作用开始时,源岩为二辉橄榄岩；当熔融作用持续到一定程度时,源岩物质转化为方辉橄榄岩。稀土元素地球化学证明,熔融作用发生于尖晶石稳定域内。综合各方面要素可以证明,中坡山北岩体是塔里木板块二叠纪期间第四种类型地幔源区部分熔融的产物。     

黑龙江鸡西盆地新生代玄武岩大地构造环境探讨

鸡西盆地新生代玄武岩的岩石学、岩石化学和地球化学研究表明,岩石中发育橄榄石包裹体,且造岩矿物中也多含橄榄石晶体;δEu=0.87~0.94（大于0.7）,具基性岩浆分异特征.微量元素Nb^*值为0.91（接近1）、K^*值为1.09,略大于1,表明岩浆与消减作用相关不大,且有非地壳物质加入.总体分析,岩浆来源于上地幔,上升过程中遭受了壳源物质的混染.鸡西地区新生代玄武岩岩浆来源于上地幔,是裂谷作用的产物,为大陆裂谷型玄武岩,其形成与敦密断裂在上新世的拉张活动有关.     

湘桂及其邻区裂谷与铀成矿

裂谷是地壳演化过程中一种重要的构造形式，并表现出特定的成矿地质构造环境。湘桂地区在中晚元古代以来就经历了几次地壳裂解，控制了区内多旋回地槽的发展，至广西运动才完成基底的统一，转化为相对稳定的地台区。晚古生代，由于受到古特权斯和西太平洋构造活动的影响，使广布的台地陆表海产生一系列台沟，形成了一套含火山物质的深水相沉积建造，控制了区内有关矿产的形成和富铀地层的产出，印支运动使区内海盆关闭，地壳抬升并转化为地洼区。中、新生代出现了强烈的构造一岩浆活动，以及相间出现的伸展构造盆地，是区内铀矿床形成的主要时期。     

The Cocos and Carnegie Aseismic Ridges: a Trace Element Record of Long-term Plume-Spreading Center Interaction

The aseismic Cocos and Carnegie Ridges, two prominent bathymetricfeatures in the eastern Pacific, record 20 Myr of interactionbetween the Galápagos hotspot and the adjacent GalápagosSpreading Center. Trace element data determined by inductivelycoupled plasma-mass spectrometry in >90 dredged seamountlavas are used to estimate melt generation conditions and mantlesource compositions along the ridges. Lavas from seamount provinceson the Cocos Ridge are alkalic and more enriched in incompatibletrace elements than any in the Galápagos archipelagotoday. The seamount lavas are effectively modeled as small degreemelts of a Galápagos plume source. Their eruption immediatelyfollows the failure of a rift zone at each seamount province'slocation. Thus the anomalously young alkalic lavas of the CocosRidge, including Cocos Island, are probably caused by post-abandonmentvolcanism following either a ridge jump or rift failure, andnot the direct activity of the Galápagos plume. The seamountshave plume-like signatures because they tap underlying mantlepreviously infused with Galápagos plume material. Whereasplume heterogeneities appear to be long-lived, tectonic rearrangementsof the ridge plate boundary may be the dominant factor in controllingregional eruptive behavior and compositional variations. KEY WORDS: mantle plume; mid-ocean ridge; Galápagos; abandoned rift; partial melting of the mantle     

贝加尔裂谷带通京盆地呼兰霍博克火山的玄武岩岩石学和地球化学特征

位于贝加尔裂谷带西南端通京盆地的呼兰霍博克火山为玄武岩质碎屑锥,玄武岩由高拉长石、贵橄榄石、普通辉石和火山玻璃组成,其矿物组成及SiO2-（Na2O＋K2O）图和Hf-Th-Ta图指示为碱性玄武岩.CIPW标准矿物特征、岩石化学成分和单斜辉石化学成分特征表明岩石属碱性系列,钠质型.稀土元素和微量元素的地球化学特征表明岩石为裂谷初期玄武岩.初步推断原始岩浆来源于上地幔,斑晶可能于16.5 km深处的次生壳层岩浆房结晶.     

苏鲁地体南部高压变质带岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

苏鲁地体南部的高压变质带由中温高压变质岩片和低温高压变质岩片两部分组成,前一岩片自下而上依次为含砾白云石英岩、云母二长石英片岩、大理岩磷块岩、白云钠长石英片岩;后一岩片的主要岩石类型为二长石英片岩钠长石英片岩。两岩片中片岩内的斜长石端员组成为钠长石,长石斑晶具有明显的火山晶屑特征,锆石具有岩浆成因韵律环带,其Th/U>0.5。此外,它们都具有高硅、高碱、低钙,轻稀土元素富集、分馏程度高,重稀土元素亏损、分馏程度低,Eu强到中度亏损及Nb、P、Ti负异常的特征,在Si O2A·R图解上均位于碱性岩区,在铝饱和指数图解中分布在偏铝质过铝质区,在(K2O Na2O)/CaO Zr Nb Ce Y图解上落在A型岩区。这些特征说明其原岩为火山岩,其岩石类型为过铝质偏铝质碱性流纹岩类,其成因类型为A型。常量元素和微量元素组成特征及其判别图解反映其原岩形成于板内拉张环境,是新元古代Rodinia大陆裂解、扬子地块陆内裂谷形成过程中伴生的产物。     

中条山晚太古—早元古裂谷波浪状构造演化

中条山大陆裂谷发育于晚太古—早元古代,其构造演化完全受制于两大地壳波系的波浪状运动。本文提供了五个方面的证据:①业已从绛县群—中条群及邻区相应地层中,获得大量的2700～2300Ma的同位素年龄数据;②构造变形、岩浆活动等显示了两大地壳波浪的交替作用;③地层剖面结构显示出典型的大陆裂谷建造特征;④岩石地球化学表明绛县群火山岩为“双峰式”,火山岩稀土曲线与世界其它典型的前寒武大陆裂谷一致;⑤花岗岩可分两期,绛县期末为挤压环境,中条期为张裂环境。     

新疆库鲁克塔格南华系砂岩碎屑组成对其物源及盆地演化的指示

库鲁克塔格南华系记录了塔里木北缘同期的火山-沉积事件和蚀源区物质组成及演化的信息。该区不同剖面内南华系各组砂岩碎屑组分的统计分析显示,贝义西组砂岩在不同剖面内组成差异显著:西山口剖面以岩屑砂岩为主,且岩屑为火山岩岩屑与沉积岩岩屑,物源为再旋回地层,而依格孜塔格剖面以长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,岩屑主要为变质岩岩屑,物源为下伏古元古代高级变质岩。砂岩碎屑组成在剖面上垂向的变化表明贝义西组沉积期与照壁山组沉积期间（725 Ma±）存在一个沉积转型事件,导致贝义西组之上的照壁山组、阿勒通沟组及特瑞艾肯组砂岩组成在不同区域趋于一致,转变为代表基底隆起-过渡大陆区物源的典型“长石砂岩”。南华系砂岩碎屑组成与大陆裂谷盆地沉积砂岩相似,且物源区存在由前裂谷地层-过渡裂谷肩部-切割裂谷肩部-克拉通内部的连续演化过程,是库满凹陷早期裂解的岩相学记录。