甘肃龙首山新元古代烧火筒群沉积特征及其构造意义

华北地块西南缘龙首山隆起广布一套前寒武纪碳酸盐质为主要成分组成的碎屑流沉积,近年来发现在邻区北山、祁连山地区亦有分布。岩石状貌特殊,砾石大小混杂,呈无磨圆的棱角、半棱角状,为杂基支撑结构。区域上岩层连续性好,但厚薄不一,厚几米至几十米,局部与火山岩相变。根据其上覆、下伏岩层同位素年龄和微古植物化石定年资料,分析判断为新元古代中晚期的产物,讨论其成因为大陆裂谷沉积构造环境下,地壳急剧动荡,崩塌原稳定台地相的沉积,大量崩塌堆积物在大陆裂谷斜坡形成碎屑流移动而成。其为大陆裂谷的典型沉积,具有重要的指相意义。龙首山及邻区新元古代中晚期大面积碎屑流沉积分布,表证当时大规模大陆裂谷作用的发生,与全球性Rodinia大陆裂解的认识一致.     

Geometric structure and formation mechanism of Lintong-Chang’an fault zone

The results from investigation of large quantity of fault outcrops and artificial earthquakes suggest that the Lin-tong-Chang’an fault zone mainly consists of two faults. One is the Majie-Nianwan fault that separates a branch of Wangjiabian-Houjiawan fault on the right bank of the Bahe River; the other is the Hujiagou-Shoupazhang fault that separates a branch of Zhongdicun-Tangjiazhai fault in Tongrenyuan and Shaolingyuan. As tensional dip-slip normal faults, the faults distribute with approximately parallel equal intervals in local regions and the profiles drop in a step-like form to the northwest, presenting a Y-shape combination. The result from deep seismic reflection indicates that the fault is about 5~8 km in depth, which is not only a basement fault, but also a listric normal fault in the deep stratum. The Lintong-Chang’an fault is a typical outstretching rift system under the NS-trending ten-sion stress field. At the same time, affected by the sinistral strike slip of the Yuxia-Tieluzi fault, the fault extends like a broom from the northeast to the southwest.     

Hydrocarbon accumulation in network and its application in the continental rift basin

The concept of hydrocarbon accumulation in network was presented on basis of the overall analysis of the formation and evolution characteristics of the continental faulted basin and of the systemic re-search on the major controlling factors on the hydrocarbon accumulation. The hydrocarbon accumu-lation in network can be defined as hydrocarbon accumulation in a three-dimensional network system which is constituted by the hydrocarbon migration passages under multiple dynamics,following the hydrocarbon generation from source rocks. The research shows that the hydrocarbon accumulation in network is composed of four elements,i.e.,hydrocarbon source (source rock kitchen),hydrocarbon accumulation terminal (trap),network pathway connecting source and terminal (transporting system),and network potential driving hydrocarbon migration in the network pathway (migration dynamics). Compared with other networks,hydrocarbon accumulation in network has three basic characteristics: the irreversible geological process of material and information flow in the network; the loss of material and information in the flow process in the network; the multiple dynamics in the flow process. Interac-tion of all the elements in the geological process can be called hydrocarbon accumulation in network. There are three basic models for hydrocarbon accumulation in network,that is,hydrocarbon accumu-lation in the network source area,hydrocarbon accumulation in the network pathway,and hydrocarbon accumulation in the network terminal. The key in the application of the hydrocarbon accumulation models in network in practice is to confirm the major accumulation stage and the function range of the four elements controlling the hydrocarbon firstly,to predict the profitable accumulation region by su-perposition of the favorable areas confirmed by four elements consequently,and to evaluate the oil-bearing property of the trap as well as confirm drilling targets. This paper takes the Dongying De-pression in the Bohai Bay Basin as an application example.     

中国西北地区侏罗纪原型盆地与演化特征

西北地区各板块于古生代末－三叠纪初连为一体,形成了造山带围绕稳定地块的构造格局,为侏罗纪盆地的发生发展奠定了基础。早－中株罗世时,西北地区整体上处于伸展构造环境,它是南方特提斯洋板块两次俯冲挤压运动之间应力松弛的产物,西北地区的侏罗纪盆地经历了两期盆地类型的发育和叠加,中株罗世西山窑结束时的中燕山运动是盆地类型的转型期,早期为伸展型断兀盆地,晚期为挤压型坳陷盆地,根据盆地的力学性质,几何形态,大地     

庐枞火山岩系与偏碱性石英正长岩带的同源特征及成因探讨

庐枞火山岩系与由黄梅尖、城山和大龙山3个岩体组成的偏碱性石英正长岩带在野外紧密共生,他们的RbSr等时线年龄在分析误差范围内相当一致,约为135 Ma,87Sr／86Sr初始比和Nd、Pb同位素组成也很相似,显示了成因上的渊源关系以及成岩物质来源较深且受到了上部地壳的混染等特征,反映了深部地质构造条件对岩浆活动的制约。     

南海北部陆坡的地貌形态及其控制因素

利用精细地貌图、高分辨率多道地震剖面等资料研究南海北部大陆边缘深水陆坡的地貌形态及控制因素。莺琼陆坡具有不同于其他部分的特殊性,红河物源是造成它的地貌形态的主控因素,南海北部陆坡的其他部分的地貌形态依然受控于古新世—渐新世的断陷期所形成的凹凸格局,其空间分布状况决定了陆坡地貌的形态和演变;物源类型和供给数量是陆坡地貌形态的次级因素,决定着陆坡地貌在总体框架下的局部特征,地震和海流等外动力因素则在一定程度上决定了陆坡沉积类型和微地貌形态。南海北部的这种特点与大西洋两岸的大部地区有显著区别,后者在晚侏罗—早第三纪的断陷期所形成的构造格局对陆坡地貌的影响已次于物源状况和向深水的物质分散体系。南海北部陆坡可自西而东依次划分为五段:莺琼陆坡段、神狐陆坡段、珠江海谷段陆坡、东沙陆坡段和台湾浅滩陆坡段;各陆坡段的地貌形态和走向上的差异全面反映了以上三个因素,尤其反映了断陷期构造格局分布状况的效应。     

中条山晚太古—早元古裂谷波浪状构造演化

中条山大陆裂谷发育于晚太古—早元古代,其构造演化完全受制于两大地壳波系的波浪状运动。本文提供了五个方面的证据:①业已从绛县群—中条群及邻区相应地层中,获得大量的2700～2300Ma的同位素年龄数据;②构造变形、岩浆活动等显示了两大地壳波浪的交替作用;③地层剖面结构显示出典型的大陆裂谷建造特征;④岩石地球化学表明绛县群火山岩为“双峰式”,火山岩稀土曲线与世界其它典型的前寒武大陆裂谷一致;⑤花岗岩可分两期,绛县期末为挤压环境,中条期为张裂环境。     

阿尔泰南缘典型块状硫化物矿床成矿环境浅析

新疆阿尔泰南缘产有较丰富的块状硫化物矿床,主要分为块状硫化物铜（锌）矿、块状硫化物铅锌矿、块状硫化物铜（金）矿等基本类型,其代表分别是阿舍勒铜（锌）矿、可可塔勒铅锌矿、乔夏哈拉铜（金）矿,通过对这些矿床基本成矿特征及其矿环境的分析对比,认为它们形成于相同的成矿大地构造背景及相近的产出环境,但又有各自的富集部位及控矿因素,找矿标志也有差别,属于阿尔泰南缘陆缘裂谷带早－中泥盆世海底火山喷流－沉积环境下形成的同一成矿系列产物。     

闽中梅仙式铅锌银矿床矿质来源的硫、铅同位素示踪及成矿时代

福建闽中地区是我国又一个新的、重要的火山岩容矿块状硫化物铅锌多金属成矿带。为查明梅仙式铅锌银矿床的金属成矿物质来源和成矿时代,本文对其中5个主要矿床进行了矿石矿物和围岩的硫、铅同位素测试和同位素地质年代学研究。结果表明,不同矿床矿石硫化物的硫同位素组成变化范围较小且平均值接近于零,δ34S介于-3.5‰~ 5.6‰,平均 2.0‰,表明硫主要为岩浆来源,火山直接喷发和从容矿火山岩中淋取皆是可能的机制。大部分矿床矿石铅以放射性成因为特征(206Pb/204Pb>18.140、207Pb/204Pb>15.584、208Pb/204Pb>38.569),且矿石铅同位素值均大于围岩,指示铅可能主要是由容矿火山岩淋滤而来。根据矿床地质特征和同位素地质测年数据,厘定出两次重要的铅锌成矿作用,即中-新元古代海底火山喷流沉积同生成矿(赋矿围岩单颗粒锆石U-Pb法、Sm-Nd等时线法和40Ar-39Ar法年龄介于933~1788Ma)和燕山期岩浆热液叠加改造成矿(侵入岩锆石SHRIMPU-Pb和Rb-Sr等时线年龄为127~154Ma)。     

博格达裂谷双峰式火山岩地质年代学与Nd-Sr-Pb同位素地球化学特征

东天山博格达造山带位于准噶尔和吐鲁番-哈密两个前寒武纪地块之间。已有充分的地质与元素地球化学证据证明东天山博格达陆内碰撞造山带构造属性是属于大陆裂谷,全区早石炭世火山岩的SiO_2含量在55%～64%之间出现明显的间断,其刺梅沟七角井组中玄武岩和流纹岩在时空上紧密拌生,为一典型的双峰式火山岩组合。该双峰式火山岩组合中玄武岩和流纹岩Rb-Sr同位素等时线年龄分别为:342．0±3．2 Ma和340．3±3．4 Ma。七角井组中玄武岩和流纹岩同位素等时线年龄在误差范围内与博格达古生物化石指示的早石炭世时代一致。七角井组玄武岩:ε_(Nd)(t)为+6．4～+6．7,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i为0．703261～0．703328,(~(206)pb/~(204)Pb)_i为17．703～17．989、(~(207)pb/~(204)Pb)_i为15．407～15．498、(~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i为37．147～37．825;七角井组流纹岩:ε_(Nd)(t)为+6．4～+6．6,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i为0．703368～0．703469,(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i为17．827～18．114、(~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i为15．460～15．517、(~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i为37．077～37．973,由此可见七角井组玄武岩和流纹岩在Nd-Sr-Pb同位素特征方面具有相当一致。根据Nd-Sr-Pb同位素地球化学和元素地球化学认为其玄武岩是来源于亏损地幔,而伴生的流纹岩则是由玄武岩浆分离结晶作用的产物。一般都认为岩浆分离结晶作用只产生成分连续变化的岩浆系列,但是在特定条件下也是可以产生双峰式火山岩组合。由玄武岩浆分离结晶作用形成的双峰式火山岩并不少见,但是在裂谷环境下双峰式火山岩中流纹岩是由玄武岩浆分离结晶作用形成的这种双峰式火山岩组合至今还未发现。因此,博格达双峰式火山岩是大陆裂谷环境中比较特殊的并是十分少见的或可能是一种新的双峰式火山岩构造成因类型。