Pb, Nd, and Sr isotopic constraints on the origin of Miocene basaltic rocks from northeast Hokkaido, Japan: Implications for opening of the Kurile back-arc basin

Late Miocene (7–9 Ma) basaltic rocks from the Monbetsu‐Kamishihoro graben in northeast Hokkaido have chemical affinities to certain back‐arc basin basalts (referred to herein as Hokkaido BABB). Pb‐, Nd‐ and Sr‐isotopic compositions of the Hokkaido BABB and arc‐type volcanic rocks (11–13 Ma and 4–4.5 Ma) from the nearby region indicate mixing between the depleted mantle and an EM II‐like enriched component (e.g. subducted pelagic sediment) in the magma generation. At a given ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, Hokkaido BABB have slightly lower ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and slightly less radiogenic ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb compared with associated arc‐type lavas, but both these suites are difficult to distinguish solely on the basis of isotopic compositions. These isotopic data indicate that while generation of the Hokkaido BABB involves smaller amounts of the EM II‐like enriched component than do associated arc lavas, Hokkaido BABB are isotopically distinct from basalts produced at normal back‐arc basin spreading centers. Instead, northeast Hokkaido BABB are more similar to basalts erupted during the initial rifting stage of back‐arc basins. The Monbetsu‐Kamishihoro graben may have developed in association with extension that formed the Kurile Basin, suggesting that opening of the basin continued until late Miocene (7–9 Ma).     

苏丹白垩纪碎屑岩中的柱状节理与裂谷肩旋转

笔者在苏丹西部Mellit地区白垩系碎屑岩中发现一种罕见的柱状节理,经研究认为是沉积岩层受到中新世喷发的玄武岩溶岩流的烘烤而失水收缩形成的。可以合理地假定柱状节理在形成时是垂直于大地基准面的,根据柱状节理和沉积岩层的产状,笔者计算出Mellit地块的两期旋转事件:自晚白垩世初期到中新世初期该地块向338°方向倾斜了18°.而自中新世以来又向138°方向倾斜了18°、经过详细分析非洲大陆西部、北部、中部和东部中新生代裂谷带的构造演化史后发现:Mellit地块实际上位于南苏丹裂谷带的西北裂谷肩上,该地块自晚白垩世初期至中新世初期,向NW方向倾斜是南苏丹裂谷带干裂谷化阶段造成的裂谷肩块体的向外旋转;该地块自中新世以来向SE方向倾斜是南苏丹裂谷带在后裂谷热沉降阶段造成的裂谷肩块体的向内旋转。而南苏丹裂谷进入后裂谷热沉降阶段是与新生代东非裂谷带和红海的发育分不开的。     

藏南聂拉木地区上三叠统与侏罗系中伸展不整合以及各组地层的厘定

晚三叠世及侏罗纪是特提斯大洋形成和扩张的时期。藏南聂拉木地区的相应地层中普遍存在裂陷盆地沉积及众多的伸展不整合。根据这些不整合面之上的“超越下伏地层不正常的化石混积事件”,判断早侏罗世赫唐早期和中侏罗世巴通期裂陷幅度分别为大于 1 60 0 m和大于80 0 m。作者根据这些不整合面以及遵循地层命名的“优先法则”,对各个组的地层划分与名称进行了厘定。     

东濮凹陷西洼南段老第三系岩相古地理特征

东濮凹陷西洼南段老第三系属地堑型湖盆沉积,主要发育河流相、三角洲相、冲积扇相、扇三角洲相以及湖泊相。两条边界断层,尤其是西侧长垣断层的活动性控制着该区的岩相古地理格局：断层活动强烈时,湖盆水域扩大,湖水加深,主要发育扇三角洲、三角洲及深湖－半深湖沉积;断层活动减弱时,水体变浅或干涸,湖盆被充填,主要发育冲积扇或河流相沉积。     

华南古特提斯东延问题的探讨

通过有关古特提斯洋的建造记录和后期构造变位分析 ,认为古特提斯洋东段的位置仍应在现今的青藏—滇西三江往南沿碧土、昌宁—孟连、程逸至马来半岛的文冬—劳勿、加里曼丹 (古晋 )、巴拉望经吕宋—台湾至日本一线 ,现今古特提斯洋古缝合带呈U字形是由于受到印度板块向北推挤、南海扩展以及菲律宾板块向西推挤扭曲改造而成。复原其在白垩纪末至新生代初期的展布方向应是近东西向的 ,现今的华南从桂西经桂东南、粤西、赣中至闽浙 ,也是北特提斯北部裂解大陆边缘 ,当古特提斯洋开始向北俯冲走向关闭时 ,它转化为活动大陆边缘     

Structural evolution of the Kopeh Dagh fold-and-thrust belt (NE Iran) and interactions with the South Caspian Sea Basin and Amu Darya Basin

We present a detailed stratigraphic and structural study of the Kopeh Dagh fold-and-thrust belt in NE Iran, which is an investigation of the complex polyphased tectonic history of this belt and its links with the adjacent South Caspian Sea and Amu Darya basins. Based on numerous field surveys, a large amount of 2D and 3D seismic data, borehole data and more than 150 new biostratigaphic datings, a new detailed biostratigraphic chart and 4 main regional cross-sections illustrate the importance of lateral facies variations and structural inheritance in the present-day structure of the belt.After the Cimmerian orogeny corresponding to the closure of the Paleotethys Ocean in Late Triassic/Early Jurassic times, a Middle Jurassic post-collisional rifting event was associated with the deposition of one of the main source rocks of the Kopeh Dagh and the Amu Darya Basin (Kashafrud Formation). Following this rifting event, over 7 km of sediments were accumulated until the Tertiary above a regional post-Triassic unconformity. The occurrence of local uplifts during the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleocene is interpreted as a consequence of regional-scale modification of plate-slab coupling in the Neotethys subduction zone. The main inversion of the Kopeh Dagh occurred at Late Eocene times, when the far-field deformation developed in Eurasia as a consequence of the locking of the Neo-Tethys subduction. This folding phase is sealed in the western part of the belt by a major Eocene-Oligocene unconformity at the base of the thick sedimentary series belonging to the South Caspian Sea Basin. The bulk of sedimentary infill in the South Caspian Sea Basin is Oligocene and younger, and it is probably related to syn-compressional downward flexure of the resistant basement basin at the onset of the Alpine phase. In the eastern part of the Kopeh Dagh, this deformation is characterized by Middle Jurassic graben inversion with evidence of forced folding, short-cuts and as well by larger scale basement uplifts. In contrast, the northwestern part of the belt shows thrust faults involving basement and fault-propagation folds within the sedimentary sequence. The Kopeh Dagh presents tectonic structures that are parallel to the Paleotethys suture zone, which emphasizes the importance of the structural inheritance and inversion processes during the structural evolution of the belt. Finally, a change from a mostly dip-slip to a mostly strike-slip tectonics occurred during the Pliocene within the Kopeh Dagh as a consequence of a major tectonic reorganization in North-East Iran.     

被动裂陷盆地油气分布规律及主控因素分析——以塔木察格盆地塔南坳陷为例

塔南凹陷为典型的被动裂陷盆地,构造演化历经了4个阶段:即被动裂陷阶段、主动裂陷阶段、断一坳转化阶段和坳陷阶段,形成两套含油气系统:即被动裂陷含油气系统和主动裂陷含油气系统,油气主要富集在被动裂陷含油气系统中.油气分布的主控因素概括为3个方面:1)是区域性盖层和长期发育的断层控制油气聚集的层位,盆地发育南一段上部和大一段...     

Tectonomagmatic origin of some volcanic and sub-volcanic rocks from the Lower Benue rift, Nigeria

Petrological and geochemical studies on some volcanic and sub-volcanic rocks from the Lower Benue rift indicate that they are basalts, basaltic and doleritic sills, trachybasalt and trachyte which generally belong to the alkali basalt series. The alkaline affinity is clearly evident in both their normative and modal mineral compositions, as well as their chemical compositions. The generally high fractionation indices [(La/Yb)N] are 7.06 to 17.65 for the basaltic rocks and 23.59 to 135. 35 for the trachytic ...     

滇西昌宁龙塘寨地区张家田组的发现及地质意义

在滇西镇康地块东缘龙塘寨地区新发现的张家田组为一套斜坡-盆地相碎屑岩-放射虫硅质岩-灰岩-玄武岩建造,可见浊流远端低密度流序列、鲍马序列、深水的静水沉积序列,具典型浊流沉积特征。灰岩中采获大量的杜内阶至祥播阶牙形石分子,特别是维宪阶和杜内阶的深水盆地相远洋型分子Gnathodusbilineatus和Scaliognathodusanchoralis类群的出现,说明早石炭世地史时期该区已形成深海槽盆。硅质岩Al/(A1+Fe+Mn)比值为0. 22~0. 40,说明张家田组硅质岩为受热水作用影响的生物成因硅质岩; MnO/TiO_2比值为0. 13~0. 59,Ce异常值在1. 0左右,无明显异常,(La/Yb)_N值为0. 93~1. 93,(La/Ce)_N值为1. 01~1. 09,表现出大陆边缘型硅质岩的特征。结合区域地质资料,本文认为晚古生代时期,在东侧昌宁-孟连洋演化的同时,在镇康地块与耿马被动大陆边缘之间曾发育有一个裂陷海槽,而张家田组斜坡-盆地相浊流沉积正是这一构造事件的沉积记录。