转型期长春市就业结构的空间分异

在经济体制改革及产业空间重构初期,利用2000年第五次人口普查数据,以街道和乡镇为基本单位,运用因子生态分析和聚类分析方法研究了长春市这一老工业基地就业空间结构的特征。研究表明:① 处在特定历史条件下的长春市工、居分离现象并不明显;② 根据因子分析的结果,得到受教育水平、普通收入群体、外来人口比重、性别分化程度四个主要因子对2000年长春市就业空间结构影响较大;③ 运用聚类分析法将长春市划分为6大就业类型区:混合就业区、传统产业区、科技教育集中区、物流业集中区、以农业为主的远郊区、新兴产业集中区,并最终得出长春市就业结构的空间形态特征为:单核心、混合圈层式、综合扇形要素的空间结构模型。     

长春市区浅层地温能开发利用方式适宜性分区评价

浅层地温能开发利用方式适宜性分区受地质条件、水文地质条件、岩石的导热性等因素控制。 依据长春市地层岩性特征、含水层分布及富水性和岩石导热性,将长春市区划分为3个地层结构区:贾家洼子－八里铺－兴隆沟基岩裂隙含水带以西区（1区）,贾家洼子－八里铺－兴隆沟基岩裂隙含水带及其以东到伊通河西岸阶地陡坎区（2区）和伊通河谷地区（3区）。各区的综合导热系数实测值分别是1.168、1.401和1.612。对影响适宜性分区的相关因素进行分析,建立了地源热泵和地下水源热泵适宜区的评价指标体系,并提出了适宜区、较适宜区和不适宜区的划分标准。采用模糊综合评判法对3个地层结构区进行了适宜性评价。评价结果是1区适宜采用地源热泵开采浅层地热资源,2区和3区均适宜采用地下水源热泵开采浅层地热资源。     

长春地区老黏土地基承载力确定方法的探讨

老黏性土工程实践经验较多,根据其他省市地区的成熟经验,用数理统计法确定老黏性土地基承载力可根据土的室内土工试验物理力学性质指标孔隙比、液性指数查表求得,还可根据原位测试静力触探指标和标准贯入试验指标确定.本次试验利用这些成熟经验,通过分析土工试验、原位测试指标与静载试验测得的地基承载力的对应关系,总结出用土工试验物理力学性质指标、原位测试静探指标计算老黏性土地基承载力的经验公式和经验表.     

长春新区地下水动态特征及差异性分析

为了进一步查明长春新区水文地质条件,掌握地下水动态规律,选取饮马河流域长春新区开展研究.利用2016~2018年地下水观测数据,通过地下水动态分析、衬度系数方差分析、相关性分析,认为长春新区地下水动态特征主要为入渗-蒸发型及入渗-开采型,地下水主要接受降水补给,水位埋深受降雨和人为开采的双重影响;地下水水位埋深具有明显的空间分异特征;地下水埋深与降水量呈明显的负相关,地下水埋深与降水量的相关具有差异性.     

关于长春市大气污染治理规划的初步研究

随着社会的发展，大气环境质量日趋恶化，针对长春市的自然背景条件及大气质量现状，笔者分析了造成大气质量下降的原因及存的问题，提出治理的原则、目标及近、远期的治理规划。     

Ecological Effects of Remote Smallsand Descending on Urban Area: Deduced from the "Mud - Snow" in Changchun City

IntroductionContinued sandstorms occurring in North Chinaeally this year have attracted close attention of manyscientists from different aspects. It is recorded thatserious sandstorms occurred eight times in China in1960' s, thirteen times in 1970, s, fou…     

Assessment of heavy metals contamination in urban topsoil from Changchun City,China

Due to the rapid urbanization and industrialization that has occurred in China over the last few decades, metals have been continuously emitted into the urban environment and now pose a serious threat to human health. Indeed, there is a growing concern over the potential for pollution of urban soils with heavy metals. Therefore, an extensive soil survey was conducted in urban areas of Changchun, China, to evaluate the current status of heavy metal contamination in soils and to evaluate its potential sources. A total of 352 samples of urban soils were collected from urban areas of Changchun using a systematic sampling strategy in which one sample per km² was taken (0 ~ 20 cm). The levels of Cu, Pb, Zn and the major elements (Mn, Al₂O₃, CaO, Fe₂O₃, MgO, SiO₂, K₂O and NaO) were then determined by X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), while the level of Cd was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS), and the Hg and As concentrations were determined by atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The results indicated that, when compared with the background values of topsoil in the Changchun region, the topsoil in urban areas were enriched with metals, particularly Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb and Hg. The results of correlation coefficient analysis showed that Hg, As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were significantly positive correlated with each other, while Cr and Mn formed another group. Moreover, significantly positive correlations were observed between pH and Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, As and Hg, indicating that pH influences the distributions of these metals in urban soils in Changchun. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to identify sources of heavy metals and the results revealed distinctly different associations among the trace metals and the major elements in the urban soils. The concentration of Cr appeared to be controlled by the parent material (natural sources), while Cu, Pb and Zn were mainly from vehicle emissions, with Zn primarily coming from vehicle tires. Additionally, Hg and As primarily originated from coal combustion, while Cd was mainly associated with industrial sources. According to the pollution index (PI) of each metal, the overall levels of metal pollution were not especially high, but there were clearly contaminated sites concentrated in the central and northeast portion of the studied region. The Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) of the seven metals also indicated that urban soils in Changchun city were classified as having low level of pollution.     

ARC/INFO在城市环境分析中的应用

将GIS与环境科学相结合，运用ARC／INFO中的缓冲区分析，圈层叠绘，叠置分析等技术方法，实现了地理信息系统在城市环境分析中的应用。对长春市水体污染源进行了分析评价，得出潜水重点污染源10处，河流重点污染源8处，并分析其形成原因，提出建议，取得了较好的效果。     

长春地震台大震速报震级偏差研究

本次研究选用了本台 2 0 0 0年全年的速报地震资料 ,重新测算了DK 1地震仪各分向记录的面波震级 ,并以《中国地震速报台网观测报告》给出的震级为标准震级 ,进行了震级偏差统计分析。研究结果表明 ,以长春台DK 1地震仪水平向高倍档记录测算的面波震级平均偏低 0 1 1 ,标准误差为± 0 2 1 ;以水平向低倍档记录测算的面波震级平均偏高 0 1 0 ,标准误差为± 0 2 0 ;以垂直向记录测算的面波震级平均偏低 0 2 4,标准误差为± 0 2 6。通过对统计结果的全面分析 ,分别给出了长春台DK 1地震仪水平向高低倍档和垂直向记录测算面波震级的台站校正值。     

基于土地开发强度的长春市城市空间效率分异研究

以地块容积率和建筑密度为基础数据,从土地开发强度这一微观视角出发,针对长春市建成区圈层式快速发展的现实,运用替代原理和竞租理论分析长春市中心城区1 460个地块的土地开发强度的分布特征,并采用核密度估计法对城市空间扩展过程中的低效地块和“超效”地块进行判断,总结分异特征和原因。研究发现：长春市土地开发强度的分布不符合替代原理,地块容积率的分布总体呈现“高-低-高”的环状分布特征;长春市城市空间结构组织总体上符合竞租理论,公共服务设施对传统竞租函数及其空间结构组织模式具有很大的影响;长春市在城市空间扩展过程中,低效与“超效”并存;商业用地和居住用地是低效地块和“超效”地块的主要用地类型,以商业、居住、娱乐、休闲、办公为一体的城市商业综合体建设或许可在一定程度上缓解该矛盾。