湘中断裂体系分维与锑矿分布

笔者将分形几何学的原理和方法,应用于湘中地区断裂体系的二维平面分布特征研究,发现在研究的标度范围内（ｒ约２～８０ｋｍ）不仅具有统计自相似性,并且同一地区,不同分区具有不同的分维值Ｄ,分维值分布特征为东南区分维值高于西北区分维值,将本区断裂体系的这种分维值分布特征与锑矿床分布特征对比,可发现锑矿床（点）产出较多,矿床规模较大的地区,其分维值较大。     

塔里木北部周缘前陆盆地早二叠世快速迁移与沉积相突变:俯冲板片拆沉的响应

塔里木北部周缘前陆盆地发育于泥盆纪末至早三叠世期间,完整地记录了南天山造山带的发育过程。该盆地在早二叠世由复理石盆地转化为磨拉石盆地,同时发生快速南移。同期幔源物质加入,有山根地壳熔融的岩浆活动、南天山造山带的整体隆升、热液成矿作用集中发育和变形、变质作用的激化使俯冲岩片的拆沉成为盆地转化与迁移的最佳机制。相同的转化过程及深部机制在其他造山带中也明显存在,表明俯冲岩片拆沉是造山作用一个不可或缺的环节。     

Petrology and Geochemistry of Post-Collisional Early Miocene Volcanism in the Karacada? Area (Central Anatolia, Turkey)

Early Miocene (ca.?21–18 Ma) volcanism in the Karacada? area comprises three groups of volcanic rocks: (1) calcalkaline suite (andesitic to rhyolitic lavas and their pyroclastics), (2) mildly-alkaline suite (alkali basalt, hawaiite, mugearite, benmoreite and trachydacite), and (3) a single trachyandesitic flow unit. Field observations, 40Ar/39Ar ages and geochemical data show that there was a progressive temporal transition from group 1 to 3 in a post-collisional tectonic setting. The calcalkaline suite rocks with medium-K in composition resemble those of subduction-related lavas, whereas the mildly-alkaline suite rocks having a sodic tendency (Na2O/K2O=1.5–3.2) resemble those of within-plate lavas. Incompatible element and Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics of the suites suggest that the lithospheric mantle beneath the Karacada? area was heterogeneously enriched by two processes before collision: (1) enrichment by subduction-related processes, which is important in the genesis of the calcalkaline volcanism, (2) enrichment by small degree melts from the astenosphere, which dominates the mildly alkaline volcanism. Perturbation of the enriched lithosphere by either delamination following collision and uplift or removal of the subducted slab following subduction and collision (i.e., slab breakoff) is the likely mechanism for the initiation of the post-collision volcanism.     

沉积盆地异常低压(负压)与油气分布

在沉积盆地油气勘探过程中,异常压力与油气聚集的关系愈显密切,而异常压力不仅仅是指异常高压,国内外在发现许多异常高压油气藏的同时,也发现了相当数量的异常低压油气藏,而且异常低压在世界许多盆地中均有分布.因此,深入研究异常低压的形成机理及与油气分布的关系,同样重要和不容忽视.本文介绍了异常低压的概念、特征和分类,详细分析了异常低压的形成机制:地层剥蚀卸载后的弹性回返(反弹)作用、流体的供排不平衡、轻烃的扩散作用、断裂和不整合面的压力释放作用、渗透作用和温度变化等;最后论述了异常低压与油气分布的关系.     

Central Paratethys paleoenvironment during the Badenian (Middle Miocene): evidence from foraminifera and stable isotope (δ<Superscript>13</Superscript>C and δ<Superscript>18</Superscript>O) study in the Vienna Basin (Slovakia)

Stable isotope data of the foraminiferal carbonate shells and bulk sediment samples from the Central Paratethys were investigated to contribute to better knowledge of the paleoenvironmental changes in Badenian (Middle Miocene). Five benthic (Uvigerina semiornata, U. aculeata, Ammonia beccarii, Elphidium sp. and Heterolepa dutemplei) and three planktonic taxa (Globigerina bulloides, G. diplostoma and Globigerinoides trilobus), characterising the bottom, intermediate and superficial layers of the water column, were selected from the Vienna Basin (W Slovakia). The foraminiferal fauna and its isotope signal point out to temperature-stratified, nutrient-rich and consequently less-oxygenated marine water during the Middle/Late Badenian. Negative carbon isotope ratios indicate increased input of ¹²C-enriched organic matter to the bottom of the Vienna Basin. Positive benthic δ¹⁸O implies that the global cooling tendency recorded in the Middle Miocene has also affected the intramountain Vienna Basin. In this time, the Central Paratethys has been in the process of isolation. Our stable isotope trend suggests that the communication with Mediterranean Sea has been still more or less active on the south of Vienna Basin (Slovak part) in the Late Badenian, whereas the seawater exchange towards north was apparently reduced already during the Middle Badenian.     

Spatial structure of central places in Jilin Central Urban Agglomeration,Jilin Province,China

Using the radius of gyration from fractal theory, this paper describes the calculation of fractal dimensions for the four tiers of central places in the Jilin Central Urban Agglomeration(JCUA), Jilin Province, China and the structural characteristics of each tier: 1) the 1st tier central place, Changchun Proper(not including Shuangyang District), provides the most service functions and has the most stable primate position; 2) the 2nd tier central places, Jilin Proper, Siping Proper, Liaoyuan Proper and Songyuan Proper have unclear statuses and do not provide certain functions; 3) the 3rd tier central places comprise 23 county-level cities, counties and urban districts(including Shuangyang District of Changchun), exhibiting a dense spatial structure that agrees with theory; 4) the 4th tier contains the largest number of central places(248 designated towns), but they are loosely distributed. In this study, a spatial image of the JCUA was created, based on vectorized data of the urban settlement distribution, which was then modified and abstracted to create a hexagonal network covering the JCUA. Compared to the traditional central place model, the modified spatial image conforms to the K = 3 principle. In reality, however, the growth of some 3rd tier central places should be increased with the cities being upgraded to the 2nd tier so as to overcome that tier′s functional deficiency. The loose distribution in the 4th tier should also be changed. This apparent anomaly can be explained by the fact that the classic hexagon model used to describe the way market areas layout does not exist in the real world. However, this should not be viewed as an obstacle to using central place theory. If its assumptions are properly applied, it can still assist research into the spatial structure of regions.     

河北高阳低凸起深部热储层回灌注水诱发断层失稳危险性探讨

近年来, 注水诱发断层活化引发地震已成为深部地热资源安全开采面临的突出地质安全问题。河北高阳低凸起深部岩溶热储丰富, 区内分布多条隐伏断层, 研究旨在探明未来大规模开发高阳低凸起深部地热资源是否会诱发区内隐伏断层失稳破坏。研究基于华北地区综合地应力场, 利用莫尔-库伦准则计算热储区及邻区主要隐伏断层的初始稳定状态; 选用Hsieh and Bredehoeft水文模型计算代表性地热井回灌注水10~40年产生的超孔隙水压力值; 在初始稳定状态的基础上叠加该孔隙水压扰动, 采用断层滑动失稳概率评价方法, 分析长期回灌注水对断层稳定性的影响; 讨论断层走向与最大水平主应力夹角变化对断层滑动失稳风险的作用规律。结果表明: 高阳低凸起及邻区代表性地热井在170 m3/h注水速率条件下, 持续注水40年产生的超孔隙水压力值最大不超过11 MPa, 该扰动以注水井为中心向四周呈幂函数规律递减, 其影响范围不超过8 km; 持续回灌注水对高阳低凸起代表性地热井附近2 km范围内隐伏断层的稳定性影响显著, 部分断层滑动失稳概率超过85%, 具有极高的活化风险; 距离注水井2 km范围内不同走向的断层, 在单井回灌注水50年的作用下, 滑动失稳概率随断层走向与最大水平主应力夹角的减小而迅速增加。文章研究方法及相关成果可为国内外深部地热资源安全开发利用提供地质科学支撑。     

北黄海盆地东部M隆起构造特征及演化

北黄海盆地是中国东部近海中生代断陷型盆地,详细记载着中国东部复杂的构造活动信息,期间经历了多期岩浆活动和构造反转。M隆起位于北黄海盆地东部,其构造活动记录比周边的坳陷更为详细。为充分认识M隆起的地质结构及沉积响应关系,在充分利用地震、钻测井等资料的基础上,结合区域构造背景,从构造运动学和动力学等方面探讨分析其构造演化历程,进而为北黄海盆地乃至中国东部地区的构造演化提供新的依据。高精度三维地震资料及地质分析揭示,该隆起区发育有5个典型的不整合面,纵向上可划分为5个构造层。结合北黄海盆地所处构造位置、构造变形和沉积充填特征,及板块运动和区域构造演化史,将北黄海盆地东部M隆起自中侏罗世至今的构造演化划分为5个阶段(共9期):裂陷阶段(稳定沉积期、掀斜形成期、早白垩世凹陷沉积期)、构造反转阶段(晚白垩世抬升剥蚀期)、再次裂陷阶段(早渐新世初沉积期、早渐新世末剥蚀期、F2断层活跃期)、再次构造反转阶段(整体抬升期)、区域沉降阶段(区域沉降期)。     

Formation and evolution of the Archean continental crust of China: A review

The mainland of China is composed of the North China Craton, the South China Craton, the Tarim Craton and other young orogenic belts. Amongst the three cratons, the North China Craton has been studied most and noted for its widely-distributed Archean basement rocks. In this paper, we assess and compare the geology, rock types, formation age and geochemical composition features of the Archean basements of the three cratons. They have some common characteristics, including the fact that the crustal rocks prior to the Paleoarchean and the supracrustal rocks of the Neoarchean were preserved, and Tonalite-Trondhjemtite-Granodiorite (TTG) magmatism and tectono-magmatism occurred at about 2.7 Ga and about 2.5 Ga respectively. The Tarim Craton and the North China Craton show more similarities in their early Precambrian crustal evolution. Significant findings on the Archean basement of the North China Craton are concluded to be: (1) the tectonic regime in the early stage (>3.1 Ga) is distinct from modern plate tectonics; (2) the continental crust accretion occurred mostly from the late Mesoarchean to the early Neoarchean period; (3) a huge linear tectonic belt already existed in the late Neoarchean period, suggesting the beginning of plate tectonics; and (4) the preliminary cratonization had already been completed by about 2.5 Ga. Hadean detrital zircons were found at a total of nine locations within China. Most of them show clear oscillatory zoning, sharing similar textures with magmatic zircons from intermediate-felsic magmatic rocks. This indicates that a fair quantity of continental material had already developed on Earth at that time.     

塔里木盆地天然气运聚系统与运聚模式

对塔里木盆地东部地层压力结构和天然气性质差异的研究表明,塔里木盆地东部具有多个独立的天然气运聚系统。这些运聚系统具有流体封存箱的特征。天然气只能在运聚系统内部进行短距离的运移,不能进行大规模侧向运移。因此天然气藏的形成具有近源的特点。由于不同运聚系统特征的差异,塔里木盆地大致有三种天然气运聚模式。