Trace-element variations in an annually layered stalagmite as recorders of climatic changes and anthropogenic pollution in Central China

We analyzed variations in the Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, REE/Ca (REE: rare earth element), Zn/Ca, and Pb/Ca ratios preserved in an annually layered stalagmite, XL21, from central China. The stalagmite record spans the 95 year period AD 1914–2008. The Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios have a significant positive correlation with the stalagmite's growth rate, suggesting that they were primarily controlled by growth-rate variations. Variations in REE/Ca ratios are consistent with local temperature changes, suggesting temperature influenced REE concentrations in the stalagmite over decadal to annual timescales. Higher temperature in this humid area can increase vegetation cover, microbial activity, and organic decomposition in the soil, resulting in enhanced pCO₂, organic matter concentration and reduced pH, and consequently increased REE mobilization from the overlying soil layer and host rock. Higher temperatures may also increase the natural Zn mobilization from the overlying soil mediated by organic matter and consequently may have led to increased Zn retention in XL21. An increasing trend is seen in the Pb/Ca ratios from XL21 since 1985, which is consistent with increased lead production in this area, and indicates an increase in mine-derived lead pollution in the local environment over the past 30 years.     

Vegetation and fire history since the last glacial maximum in an inland area of the western Mediterranean Basin (Northern Iberian Plateau,NW Spain)

We reconstructed vegetation responses to climate oscillations, fire and human activities since the last glacial maximum in inland NW Iberia, where previous paleoecological research is scarce. Extremely sparse and open vegetation composed of steppic grasslands and heathlands with scattered pioneer trees suggests very cold and dry conditions during the Oldest Dryas, unsuitable for tree survival in the surroundings of the study site. Slight woodland expansion during the Bølling/Allerød was interrupted by the Younger Dryas cooling. Pinewoods dominated for most of the early Holocene, when a marked increase in fire activity occurred. Deciduous trees expanded later reaching their maximum representation during the mid-Holocene. Enhanced fire activity and the presence of coprophilous fungi around 6400–6000 cal yr BP suggest an early human occupation around the site. However, extensive deforestation only started at 4500 cal yr BP, when fire was used to clear the tree canopy. Final replacement of woodlands with heathlands, grasslands and cereal crops occurred from 2700 cal yr BP onwards due to land-use intensification. Our paleoecological record can help efforts aimed at restoring the natural vegetation by indicating which communities were dominant at the onset of heavy human impact, thus promoting the recovery of currently rare oak and alder stands.     

伊拉克艾哈代布油田白垩系生物铸模孔及体腔孔发育的灰岩储层特征及成因分析

伊拉克地区艾哈代布油田白垩系(含)生物灰岩的生物铸模孔和体腔孔普遍发育,是主要的储集空间。本文综合利用铸体薄片观察、物性实验数据和压汞曲线等资料对该类储层的特征和成因进行分析。生物铸模孔以绿藻铸模孔为主,常发育在生物碎屑滩和藻屑滩中;发育的体腔孔主要为底栖有孔虫和浮游有孔虫体腔孔,在滩间凹地及台坪中常见。研究区灰岩储层的平均孔隙度在20%～25%,为中高孔储层,渗透率与孔隙结构和孔隙组合类型密切相关。生物铸模孔和晶间微孔组合储层的孔隙结构相对较好,平均渗透率约在2×10-3～10×10-3μm2之间,为中高孔-中低渗储层;体腔孔和晶间微孔组合储层的孔隙结构相对较差,平均渗透率小于2×10-3μm2,属于中高孔低渗储层。生物铸模孔及体腔孔灰岩储层的发育受控于沉积环境和同生期溶蚀作用。藻屑滩沉积在较局限的环境,因同生期的暴露溶蚀作用,发育铸模孔。滩间凹地、台坪等相对静水环境沉积物中有孔虫含量较高,原生的有孔虫体腔孔发育。由于这两类孔隙分布相对"孤立",主要靠晶间隙连通,形成了储层的中高孔和低渗透的特征。     

北山地区中生代岩浆活动与成矿构造背景分析

中亚造山带是古亚洲洋演化与最终消亡的产物。北山地区处于该造山带中段南部,是中国重要的铜、钼、金、铁多金属成矿带。北山地区在晚古生代—早中生代曾发生过2次碰撞造山作用,一次发生于晚古生代末,与古亚洲洋的最终闭合有关;另一次发生于早中生代三叠纪,与北山南带发育的石炭纪一二叠纪裂谷封闭有关。因此,从时间演化看,中生代三叠纪北山地区为碰撞-碰撞后造山阶段,发育大规模剪切带和强烈的岩浆活动及伴生的金属成矿作用。北山地区中生代岩浆活动以深成侵入相发育并缺失相应的喷出相为特征;岩石类型以中酸性侵入岩为主,基性侵入岩局部可见,S、I、A型花岗岩均有产出。与中生代岩浆活动有关的矿床类型主要包括与I-A型花岗岩伴生的斑岩钼矿床、与S型花岗岩伴生的钨(锡)矿床、与中酸性侵入体有关的矽卡岩型金、银铜铅锌多金属矿床和与中酸性侵入体有关并受剪切带控制的金矿床。中生代印支期是该地区最晚一次大规模岩浆活动与金属成矿时期,其发育的范围、规模和强度均比原来认识的要广泛的多,值得进一步关注。     

内蒙古阿拉善盟北部宗乃山中酸性侵入岩年代学、地球化学及构造意义

锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年结果表明,阿拉善盟北部宗乃山岩基包括中二叠世钾长花岗岩(272±1 Ma)和早三叠世闪长岩(249±1 Ma)、花岗闪长岩(247±1 Ma)。中二叠世钾长花岗属于准铝质和钾玄质系列,为高分异I型花岗岩。早三叠世闪长岩属钙碱性系列,而花岗闪长岩为弱过铝质,钙碱性系列,属于I型花岗岩。宗乃山地区这些中酸性侵入岩都显示出轻稀土元素相对富集和重稀土元素相对亏损的特征,并且具有微弱-中等的Eu负异常。在原始地幔标准化图解中,都相对富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Ba和Sr等),亏损高场强元素(Ta、Nb、P和Ti等)。宗乃山地区侵入岩的锆石绝大部分具有正的εHf(t)值(+0.3~+11.6)和相对年轻的地壳模式年龄(tCDM=1 275~533Ma),表明源区主要为新生地壳物质。这些特征与同一构造带上沙拉扎山地区的侵入岩十分类似,而明显不同于具有古老基底的阿拉善地块内发育的侵入岩,因此宗乃山-沙拉扎山构造带具有亲中亚造山带的特征,中亚造山带与阿拉善地块的界线应位于宗乃山-沙拉扎山构造带以南。     

Environmental drivers of phytoplankton crops and taxonomic composition in northeastern Antarctic Peninsula adjacent sea area

The ecosystem of the sea region adjacent to the Antarctic Peninsula is undergoing remarkable physical and biological changes, in the context of global warming. However, understanding of the dynamics of phytoplankton taxonomic composition in this marginal ice zone remains unclear. In this study, seawater samples collected from 36 stations in the northeastern Antarctic Peninsula were analyzed for nutrients and phytoplankton pigments.Combining with CHEMTAX analysis, remote sensing data, and physico...     

气象干旱对中亚棉花产量的影响

极端干旱事件频发对中亚棉花生产具有重要影响。本文利用乌兹别克斯坦赞格阿塔实验站棉花大田试验数据评估了APSIM-Cotton模型的适用性,根据CMIP6气候模式模拟的SSP1-2.6、SSP3-7.0和SSP5-8.5等3种共享社会经济路径下的气候变化数据集,分析了2021—2090年SPEI-3干旱指数的变化特征,进而利用APSIM-Cotton模型模拟了考虑CO₂肥效作用的气象干旱对棉花产量的影响。结果表明：APSIM-Cotton模型能够准确模拟乌兹别克斯坦塔什干地区的生育期和产量变化趋势;未来塔什干地区呈现温度明显升高、干旱发生频率明显增加的特征;气象干旱将导致棉花产量下降,SSP1-2.6、SSP3-7.0和SSP5-8.5等3种排放情景下,严重气象干旱导致2021—2050年棉花产量较1961—1990年分别下降28.0%、29.6%和32.1%,2061—2090年棉花分别减产31.5%、33.1%和35.7%,在SSP3-7.0和SSP5-8.5情景下,极端气象干旱导致2061—2090年棉花产量分别下降41.3%和54.2%;CO₂浓度升高可提高棉花产量,贡献率为14.9%~25.0%,但浓度达到750 µmol/mol以上时,棉花增产幅度将不再持续增加。     

辽宁东南半岛两次北上台风暴雨特征及成因对比分析

利用常规观测资料、NCEP FNL再分析资料、卫星和雷达资料等对2012年台风“达维”（过程1）和2017年台风“海棠”（过程2）导致的辽宁东南半岛两次极端暴雨过程的降水特征及成因进行对比分析。结果表明: 两次过程的降水特征存在差异,过程1是大范围的稳定持续性暴雨,受台风倒槽触发的多个中尺度云团造成的列车效应影响,持续时间长达30 h; 而过程2的小时雨强更大,最强达到113 mm·h^-1,小尺度积云不断新生并涌入到中尺度云团中,雷达图存在后向传播特征,强风暴基本反射率达到50—60 dBz,中尺度辐合风场伸展高度达到9 km,对流云发展更旺盛,过程2的对流性降水特征更明显。过程1暴雨在台风倒槽里发展,过程2在台风输送的暖湿空气与对流层干冷空气的相互作用中产生。两次过程中,台风残涡与副热带高压间均形成了横跨10个纬距的水汽输送带,850 hPa水汽通量均达到20—25 g^-1·cm^-1·hPa^-1·s^-1,比湿和水汽通量散度达到辽宁登陆台风暴雨物理量的预报阈值; 远距离台风对阻挡副热带高压南落和建立北上台风引导气流起到关键作用。过程1受“达维”残涡倒槽影响,辐合层由地面伸展到500 hPa,动力抬升条件更强; 过程2中850 hPa假相当位温达到354 K,由于中层干空气侵入,位势不稳定较强,在大尺度辐合和地形强迫抬升作用下,形成更为深厚对流云,对流性降水特征明显。     

High-resolution Projection Dataset of Agroclimatic Indicators over Central Asia

To understand the potential impacts of projected climate change on the vulnerable agriculture in Central Asia (CA), six agroclimatic indicators are calculated based on the 9-km-resolution dynamical downscaled results of three different global climate models from Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), and their changes in the near-term future (2031–50) are assessed relative to the reference period (1986–2005). The quantile mapping (QM) method is applied to correct the model data before calculating the indicators. Results show the QM method largely reduces the biases in all the indicators. Growing season length (GSL, day), summer days (SU, day), warm spell duration index (WSDI, day), and tropical nights (TR, day) are projected to significantly increase over CA, and frost days (FD, day) are projected to decrease. However, changes in biologically effective degree days (BEDD, °C) are spatially heterogeneous. The high-resolution projection dataset of agroclimatic indicators over CA can serve as a scientific basis for assessing the future risks to local agriculture from climate change and will be beneficial in planning adaption and mitigation actions for food security in this region.     

雷州半岛沿岸海域浮游桡足类的分布特征及其影响因素

根据2017年10月和2018年1、5、7月对雷州半岛沿岸海域浮游动物四个季度的调查数据,分析了浮游桡足类群落组成的季节变化及其影响因素.结果共鉴定出浮游桡足类80种,其中哲水蚤目55种,占总种类数的68.7％;剑水蚤目21种,占总种类数的26.2％;猛水蚤目3种,占总种类数的3.8％;鱼虱目1种,占总种类数的1.3％...