历史上冀中平原“塘泺”湖泊群的分布与水系结构

“塘泺”是北宋时期分布在冀中平原中部的巨大湖泊群,由大小数十个湖泊组成,东西绵延260 km,今天的白洋淀、文安洼、东淀、团泊洼、北大港,均属于“塘泺”的残余。本文在实地考察的基础上,综合集成历史文献记载、大比例尺地形图、ETM遥感数据、DEM数据、土壤调查数据、古地图数据,系统复原了北宋“塘泺”的空间分布范围与内部水系结构。研究表明,北宋“塘泺”的自然地理基础是分布在冀中凹陷带上以白洋淀、文安洼、团泊洼为代表的三大洼地,以及分布在这些洼地内的天然湖泊和河流。北宋朝廷出于军事防御目的,利用这些洼地和湖泊,开挖渠道,修筑堤坝,开辟水口,导引水源,调控水位,把位于今大清河以南的各条河流几乎全部导入了各区湖泊,把原有湖泊的水面尽量扩大,并将其串联成为相互连通的湖泊水面,从而形成了历史上冀中平原上最大的湖泊系统。     

The central Qiangtang Metamorphic Belt in northern Tibet is an in-situ Paleo-Tethys Ocean: Evidence from newly discovered Late Devonian radiolarians

The paleogeographic position of the North Qiangtang Block, as well as the origin of the Central Qiangtang Metamorphic Belt (CQMB) have subjected to considerable debate that hampers the understanding of the early evolution of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. This study reports a new radiolarian fauna of a Famennian age (Late Devonian) from the ophiolitic mélange south of Gangtang Co, northern Tibet, including Callela parvispinosa Won, Entactinia foveolata Nazarov, and Plenoentactinia pinguis Won. The discovery of Devonian radiolarians in the CQMB strongly supports the model that the Longmu Co–Shuanghu suture zone represents the main branch of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. A correlation of the Late Devonian radiolarian in Tethys realm reveals that the Longmu Co–Shuanghu suture zone was connected to the Changning–Menglian suture zone in western Yunnan, the Chiang Mai–Inthanon and Chanthaburi suture zones in Thailand, and the Bentong–Raub suture zone in Malay Peninsula. The synchronous advent of Late Devonian radiolarians suggests that the Paleo-Tethys Ocean may have opened during that time.     

A comparative simulation study of coupled THM processes and their effect on fractured rock permeability around nuclear waste repositories

This paper presents an international, multiple-code, simulation study of coupled thermal, hydrological, and mechanical (THM) processes and their effect on permeability and fluid flow in fractured rock around heated underground nuclear waste emplacement drifts. Simulations were conducted considering two types of repository settings (1) open emplacement drifts in relatively shallow unsaturated volcanic rock, and (2) backfilled emplacement drifts in deeper saturated crystalline rock. The results showed that for the two assumed repository settings, the dominant mechanism of changes in rock permeability was thermal–mechanically induced closure (reduced aperture) of vertical fractures, caused by thermal stress resulting from repository-wide heating of the rock mass. The magnitude of thermal–mechanically induced changes in permeability was more substantial in the case of an emplacement drift located in a relatively shallow, low-stress environment where the rock is more compliant, allowing more substantial fracture closure during thermal stressing. However, in both of the assumed repository settings in this study, the thermal–mechanically induced changes in permeability caused relatively small changes in the flow field, with most changes occurring in the vicinity of the emplacement drifts.     

Recent climate trends on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China

In arid regions, mountains fulfill important ecological and economic functions for the surrounding lowlands. In the scenario of global warming, mountain ecosystems change rapidly, especially in the arid region of northwestern China. This paper provides an assessment of the changes in temperature and precipitation in the historical records of climate on the northern slopes of the eastern Tianshan Mountains. A Mann-Kendall nonparametric trend and Sen＇s tests are employed to analyze the interannual changes and innerannual variability in temperature and precipitatiofi in the regions of low to high altitude. The present study finds that the largest increases in annual temperature are observed at stations in the low altitude regions. The significant increasing trends in temperature tend to occur mainly in late winter and early spring at stations from middle to high altitude, but in summer and autumn at stations of low altitudes. The increasing trends in annual precipitation are found from the middle to high altitude areas, but decreasing trends are found in the low altitude areas. The significant increasing trends in precipitation occur mostly in winter and earlier spring at stations from the middle to high altitudes, while the increasing and decreasing trend coexists at stations of low altitude with most of the significant trend changes occurring in March, June and August.     

华北地块北缘晚古生代——早中生代岩浆活动期次、特征及构造背景

通过对华北陆块北缘近年来获得的晚古生代—早中生代岩浆岩锆石U-Pb及部分39Ar-40Ar测年结果的分析,认为该区晚古生代—早中生代期间至少经历了泥盆纪、早石炭世晚期—中二叠世及二叠纪末—三叠纪等3期明显的岩浆作用过程。泥盆纪岩浆活动时限在400～360Ma左右,岩性主要为碱性岩(正长岩及二长岩),其次为基性-超基性岩、二长闪长岩、碱性花岗岩及流纹岩,出露面积较少。早石炭世晚期—中二叠世岩浆活动时限在330～265Ma左右,岩性主要为闪长岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩及花岗岩,其次为辉长岩及英云闪长岩。二叠纪末—三叠纪岩浆活动(250～200Ma),岩性主要为钾长花岗岩、二长花岗岩及碱性杂岩,其次为基性-超基性岩及少量中酸性火山岩。华北地块北缘晚古生代—早中生代岩浆岩呈近东西走向的带状分布,其中泥盆纪及早石炭世晚期—中二叠世岩浆岩主要分布在内蒙古隆起上,而二叠纪末—三叠纪岩浆岩分布范围更大,其南界可以到达燕山构造带最南端的蓟县盘山及太行山北段的河北涿鹿矾山地区。这些广泛分布的多期次岩浆活动表明华北地块北缘在晚古生代—早中生代期间经历了复杂的岩浆及构造作用过程。泥盆纪岩浆活动可能与白乃庙岛弧岩带与华北克拉通弧-陆碰撞后的伸展作用有关。早石炭世晚期—中二叠世岩浆活动的形成与古亚洲洋向华北地块的俯冲作用有关。而二叠纪末—三叠纪岩浆活动的形成与华北地块与西伯利亚南缘蒙古增生褶皱带拼合后的伸展及岩石圈拆沉作用有关。     

环境温湿层结对雷暴云空间电荷结构的影响

非感应起电机制中决定雷暴云电荷结构的反转温度是液态水含量的函数,而液态水含量的空间分布又取决于环境初始场中气团平均相对湿度和对流不稳定性的配置情况。本文通过不断改变初始场中层平均相对湿度和对流有效位能(CAPE)的值,同时不稳定度因子K和SI也随之发生相应的改变,利用三维强风暴动力电耦合数值模式,来研究初始场温湿层结的不同配置对液态水含量进而对电荷结构的影响。结果表明,CAPE较小时,电荷结构与中层平均相对湿度的大小无关,均为准反极性,且起电活动较弱;CAPE很大时,较大和较小的中层平均相对湿度更易引起强的起电活动和偶极性电荷结构,当霰和冰晶共存的区域中心落在上升气流的外围时,会形成反极性电荷结构。当对流有效位能相同时,增加中层平均相对湿度,气层的不稳定性提高,更有利于对流的发展和偶极性电荷结构的形成,减小中层平均相对湿度,对流减弱,有利于准反极性电荷结构的形成。     

断层气定点观测主要影响因素的研究

本文对干旱地区５个断层气观测点２－３年的观测资料与同时段气象因素，用数学方法进行对比、分析。初步结构表明，气温是断层气的观测主要影响因素。本文还对气温影响地下气体逸出的机理进行了讨论。     

基于居民购物消费行为的上海城市商业空间结构研究

我国城市商业空间结构研究多局限于基于物质空间的中心地体系研究,本文以改革开放后市场经济转型及消费者因素日益重要的零售环境变化为出发点, 从居民购物消费行为空间入手,考察目前上海市的商业空间结构特征。本研究基于问卷调查及实地观察所获得的第一手资料,通过经验行为主义方法,总结出上海居民购物消费行为的一般特征,发现上海居民购物出行的空间等级结构较为明显并呈现扁平化的趋势,这与商业中心地的空间结构及其变化是相对应的;此外,本文创新性地得出上海市不同收入地区购物消费行为空间的等级结构特征,并发现了其与戴维斯模型类似的空间特征以及不尽相同的形成原因。     

中东欧“地区化”进程的动因分析——以波兰为例

欧洲“地区化”进程分别从20世纪80和90年代在西欧和中东欧开始。西欧国家“地区化”进程受到全球化和欧盟的推动。以波兰为代表的中东欧国家“地区化”进程,除了受全球化推动之外．还受苏联解体后国家内部“民主化”、“现代化”改革需求以及地方政府联合等因素的推动。欧盟通过地区政策的运行对推动中东欧国家“地区化”进程起到积极作用,但该作用不能被过分夸大。     

滇中地区4级调制地震与中强地震的关系

利用1965年1月1日-2006年6月30日云南省地震遥测台网记录的地震正式目录,对正式目录的中强以上地震进行了余震删除.利用已删除余震的正式目录,研究滇中地区4级调制地震与中强地震的三要素关系,总结历史震例得到:滇中地区发生4级调制地震,其后发生中强以上地震的可能性为75%,平均间隔时间为4.7月;而且中强震发震地点与4级调制地震发震地点相关性较好,平均相隔距离为76 km;发生4级孤立型调制地震(无余震发生),其后发生6.5级以上强震的概率为67%;曲江断裂带上发生的4级孤立型调制地震对未来中强震的地点指示意义明确,震级大小与孕震时间相关.