The Pindos Fold-and-thrust belt (Greece): inversion kinematics of a passive continental margin

Continuous exposure in the Pindos mountain chain (Greece) and the detailed stratigraphic measurements in the area enable us to construct eight balanced cross sections across the Pindos Fold-and-thrust belt (PFTB) and to approach quantitatively some parameters which controlled foreland evolution. The 160-km-wide passive continental margin of the Apulian continent in Greece was progressively shortened from east to west at rates of 6 mm/year between the Early Oligocene and Late Eocene. From the rear to the frontal part of the wedge, fault-bend folds, duplexes and imbricates were formed, while strain was partitioned into faulting (~34%), layer parallel shortening (~23%) and buckling (~9%). Foreland subsidence and internal deformation of the orogenic wedge are strongly affected by two parameters of equal importance: the thrust load of the overthrusted microcontinents and the rigidity of the underthrusted Apulian passive margin. Changes in the thickness of the pre-orogenic sediments and reactivated transform faults induced salients. During the Lower Miocene, the orogenic wedge in the Peloponnese suffered additional uplift and westward gravitational gliding induced by the intracontinental subduction of the Palaeozoic rift zone of the Phyllite-Quartzite Series, which was reactivated and returned to the earths surface during the Hellenic orogeny.     

拆离构造动力学与地洼理论

拆离构造是当前地学中的研究热点,对其研究具有重要的理论与经济意义。在20世纪90年代初,笔者应《铀矿地质》编辑部之约,以“拆离构造理论与找矿实践”命题分八个方面在“铀矿地质”期刊断续刊登,其内容涉及:(1)拆离构造在我国研究的新进展;(2)拆离构造概念的演化与地球圈层;(3)拆离构造基本含义与相关构造术语;(4)拆离构造形成的动力学讨论;(5)拆离构造的厘定和鉴别;(6)拆离构造的研究方法;(7)拆离构造控矿理论与找矿;(8)拆离构造研究展望。本文仅就拆离构造的动力学机制研究和地洼理论在拆离构造动力学研究中的应用作简要论叙,并以此草文敬献陈国达院士九十华诞以兹纪念。     

鄂东南地区印支期以来构造变形特征及油气意义

利用区域地震大剖面及MT资料,结合地面地质调查成果,对鄂东南地区的深部地质结构及典型构造样式进行了分析,认为该区发育以基底岩系顶面和志留系顶面为主滑脱面的大型逆冲推覆构造,并识别出双重逆冲构造、叠瓦状构造、台阶式结构、对冲构造及反冲断层等典型构造样式;同时对上下地质结构的变异进行了探讨,提出志留系滑脱层之下的“原地体”具有变形相对较弱、褶皱宽缓开阔的特点,在后期拉张改造中受到上盘“异地体”的保护,应是有利的油气勘探领域,双重逆冲构造内部发育的断层相关褶皱(如随阳构造)是重点勘探目标。     

早期碰撞造山过程与板块构造：前寒武纪地质研究的机遇和挑战

普遍认为修正后的板块构造模式仍适用于新太古代地质研究，但是早期板块构造过程与后期有明显差异，包括陆块规模、造山带类型、碰撞造山过程等。典型碰撞造山带在地史上的初次形成具有划时代的构造演化意义，涉及典型板块构造初始发生过程、最早超级大陆拼合、威尔逊旋回及板块碰撞造山过程等方面。华北中部保留一条近南北向的碰撞造山带（2 600~2 500 Ma BP），保留特征的巨型复式褶皱、不同层次推覆构造、蛇绿岩混杂带等。围绕华北中部造山带及其25亿年重大构造热事件的研究，对认识华北早期构造演化及其超大陆再造具有重要意义，也是早期板块构造研究的关键突破口之一，开展其不同地壳层次构造变形及其前陆盆地的研究，将深化早期板块边界及其造山过程的科学认识。     

青藏高原北羌塘新生代火山岩中的麻粒岩捕虏体

北羌塘枕头崖地区新生代火山岩主要岩石类型为安山岩和英安岩类。其中,安山岩在一定程度上显示了埃达克质火山岩的特征,如高Sr(>1000×10-6)、Sr/Y>50以及低Yb(<2×10-6),表明其应源于榴辉岩相的青藏高原加厚陆壳中下部(>45km深度)。而英安岩类富集LILE,如Rb、Ba、Th、U和K等,亏损HFSE,如Ti、Nb、Ta和Sr等,尤其是Sr显著亏损,表明其应源于斜长石稳定的麻粒岩相源区。该区新生代安山岩和英安岩中麻粒岩捕虏体可分为两种类型,即二辉石麻粒岩和单斜辉石麻粒岩。二辉石麻粒岩平衡温度为783~818℃,单斜辉石麻粒岩形成压力在0·845~0·858GPa之间,来源深度约为27·9~28·3km,表明它们是来自青藏高原加厚陆壳中部的岩石样品,代表了本区英安岩类火山岩的源区物质组成。     

长白山区图们江流域新生代火山岩的岩石化学研究

图们江流域新生代火山岩以溢流式喷发为特征，其主要岩石类型以拉斑玄武岩为主，含少量玄武质粗安岩、碱性玄武岩、玄武质安山岩和粗面玄武岩。根据图们江流域火山岩的Mg#（Mg#=100Mg^2＋／（Mg^2＋＋Fe^2＋））值多数≤60，Ni含量〈100μg／g和主、微量元素地球化学特征综合表明，形成火山岩的岩浆不是原始岩浆，它们是原始岩浆在上地幔经历了橄榄石、辉石分离结晶作用后形成的以拉斑玄武岩为主，包括碱性玄武岩和粗面玄武岩等演化岩浆，结晶分异作用是岩浆演化过程的主要控制因素。拉斑玄武质岩浆在上升过程中发生了不同程度的壳源物质同化混染作用，发生在上地壳遭受较大程度混染的岩浆K2O含量明显偏高（〉2．6％），形成玄武质粗安岩。     

Mechanisms of Cenozoic deformation in the Bohai Basin, Northeast China: Physical modelling and discussions

The Bohai Basin is a petroliferous Cenozoic basin in northeast China (Fig. 1(a)) and has apparent geo- metrical and kinematic similarities with the other Meso-Cenozoic extensional basins located along the eastern margin of the Eurasian Plate[1,2]. Its architec- ture and Cenozoic stratigraphy have been well under- stood from several decades of petroleum exploration. Previous studies have suggested that the Bohai Basinis a typical extensional basin and has two tectonic evolution phases, rift…     

东天山觉罗塔格地区夹白山一带晚古生代构造格局及演化

研究区早石炭世经历了中天山古陆北缘被动陆缘向活动陆缘沟弧盆体系演化的全过程.阿齐山-雅满苏岛弧带于维宪期发育在广宽陆棚海之上.岛弧为大型背形结构,雅满苏断裂带为火山喷发的主要通道,弧前盆地生成于弧沟间隙部位.晚石炭世早期,弧后区发生扩张作用而塌陷形成向形的边缘盆地.晚石炭世末,北侧康古尔洋区以弧弧对接方式关闭,弧区伴有深成花岗岩浆侵位.早二叠世早期进入松弛阶段,在弧间及弧后南缘产生上叠断陷盆地.晚二叠世右旋走滑变动席卷全区,最后大型造山带与地块之间发生块体右旋滑移错位,由此奠定了现今的盆山构造格局初貌.     

Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Belog Co area, Qiangtang, northern Tibet, China： Petrochemical evidence for partial melting of the mantle-crust transition zone

Neogene volcanic rocks in the Belog Co area, Qiangtang, northern Tibet, are represented by a typical intermediate-basic and intermediate alkaline rock association, with latite-trachyte as the main rock type. The results of chemical analysis are: SiO2=52%–62%, Al2O3>15%, Na2O/K2O>1 and MgO<3.30%. In addition, the volcanic rocks are LREE-enriched with LREE/HREE=10–13, (La/Yb)N=15–19, and show a weak negative Eu anomaly with δEu=0.71–0.89. The close relationship between Mg# and SiO2 and the co-variation of the magmatophile elements and ultra-magmatophile elements such as La/Sm-La and Cr-Tb indicate that this association of volcanic rocks is the product of comagmatic fractional crystallization. The rock association type and lower Sm/Yb values (Sm/Yb=3.23–3.97) imply that this association of volcanic rocks should have originated from partial melting of spinel lherzolite in the lithospheric mantle. On the other hand, the weak negative Eu anomaly and relative depletion in Nb, Ta and Ti reflect the features of terrigenous magma. So the Neogene Belog Co alkaline volcanic rocks should be the result of partial melting of the special crust-mantle transition zone on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.     

青藏高原狮泉河-康西瓦地区 1:100万区域重力调查成果

利用最新取得的区域重力资料,参考航磁、遥感、区域地质资料,对青藏高原狮泉河-康西瓦地区重力场分区、断裂构造体系、构造单元、局部异常、深部构造、成矿远景区(带)等进行了研究.对阿尔金走滑断裂西南端的走向和延伸提出了一些新的看法;讨论了2条重力低值带的成因;推断了班公湖-怒江结合带下部莫霍面隆起的高度,从重力角度提出了对班公湖-怒江结合带的认识;认为青藏块体在拼合后地壳有2个加厚中心;新圈定了一个中、新生代沉积盆地,并进行了初步研究;结合地质、矿产、航磁等资料,初步划分出4个成矿远景区(带).