地洼学说的理论结构和发展纲领

地洼学说(活化区理论)自1956年诞生以来,经受过35年的实践检验,已发展成为包括五个组成部分和两个衍生学科的理论体系。它的理论结构是以第一个组成部分,即大陆地壳中发生于地台阶段之后,与地槽区不同特征的一种新型活动区—活化区即地洼区概念为内核,保护层为其余的组成部分和衍生学科,即地壳动定转化递进说、递进(地洼)成矿理论、壳体概念和地幔蠕动热能聚散交替假说,以及构造地球化学和成矿构造学。 地洼学说是属于作者建立的“历史—因果论大地构造学”范畴,它的发展纲领应是运用“历史—动力综合分析法”的研究方法,贯彻理论实践并重和切合生产需要的学术路线,采用充实和加固内核以及调整某些保护层的方式,按照自我完善与学百家之长相结合的原则,研究领域包括学说本身的进一步发展和运用它以解决实际问题。 内核的充实和加固包括两个方面;(1)理论方面的研究,例如地洼区的鉴别依据、类型划分、形成时代、分布地区、地壳运动等方面的问题。(2)实用方面的研究,例如运用区域地质、成矿规律及找矿预测、地热、水文地质、地貌、新构造等方面的问题。     

陕西北秦岭中段构造应力场的初步研究

于华北板块南缘的北秦岭中段,在系统测量微断层的位移参数的基础上,通过采用滑动矢量拟合法,获得了该区自新生代以来的三期构造应力场的平均应力张量。三期应力场的方向及性质分别为:(1)以280°—310°方向拉伸为主的松弛期;(2)以305°—336°方向挤压为主的压缩期;(3)以294°—340°方向拉伸为主、辅以21°—68°方向挤压的现代扩张期。研究表明,最新一期即第三期构造应力场的特征与华北板块的区域构造应力场特征是基本一致的     

华南沿海主要活动断裂带的比较构造研究

华南沿海地区，发育３组不同方向的断裂构造。以北东～北北东向的断裂规模最大，地表迹象最明显；以北东东～东西向断裂切割最深，发育历史最长；而以北西～北西西向断裂的新生性和近期活动性最显著。研究结果表明，上述３组断裂构造的特征，在宏观表征和显微构造特点方面都有表现，说明各组断裂都有各自类同的形成、发育过程，并受控于类似的构造力源，它们的特征在一定程度上反映了地壳运动的演变史     

冀北坝上地区深部地质构造特征及其对火山活动和铀成矿的控制作用

冀北坝上地区位于华北地台北缘。其深部地质构造有两个显著特征：一是全区性的莫霍面下拗，地壳增厚；二是软流圈部分伸入到下岩石图上部，造成局部地区地幔上隆，地壳减薄。火山喷发形成的沽源火山盆地和大滩火山盆地与两个地幔上隆，地壳减薄区，上下相互对应。铀矿床（点）沿地幔隆起周边构造活动带规律性分布。上述两事实有力地证明了深部地质构造对中新生代火山活动和铀成矿的控制作用。沿地幔隆起周边构造活动带是今后寻找铀及多金属矿产的有利地段。     

A structural synthesis of the Proterozoic Arabian-Nubian Shield in Egypt

Detailed structural geological and related studies were carried out in a number of critical areas in the Proterozoic basement of eastern Egypt to resolve the structural pattern at a regional scale and to assess the general characteristics of tectonic evolution, orogeny and terrane boundaries. Following a brief account of the tectonostratigraphy and timing of the orogenic evolution, the major structural characteristics of the critical areas are presented. Collisional deformation of the terranes ended about 615-600 Ma ago. Subsequent extensional collapse probably occurred within a relatively narrow time span of about 20 Ma (575 – 595 Ma ago) over the Eastern Desert and was followed by a further period of about 50 Ma of late to post-tectonic activity. The regional structures originated mainly during post-collisional events, starting with those related to extensional collapse (molasse basin formation, normal faulting, generation of metamorphic core complexes). Subsequent NNW-SSE shortening is documented by large-scale thrusting (towards the NNW) and folding, distributed over the Eastern Desert, although with variable intensity. Thrusts are overprinted by transpression, which was localized to particular shear zones. Early transpression produced, for example, the Allaqi shear zone and final transpression is documented in the Najd and Wadi Kharit-Wadi Hodein zones. Two terrane boundaries can be defined, the Allaqi and South Hafafit Sutures, which are apparently linked by the high angle sinistral strike-slip Wadi Kharit-Wadi Hodein shear zone with a tectonic transport of about 300 km towards the W/NW. In general, the tectonic evolution shows that extensional collapse is not necessarily the final stage of orogeny, but may be followed by further compressional and transpressional tectonism. The late Pan-African high angle faults were reactivated during Red Sea tectonics both as Riedel shears and normal faults, where they were oriented favourably with respect to the actual stress regime.     

我国含油气盆地的类型、构造演化和油气分布

本文以板块构造学说为基础详细讨论了我国主要含油气盆地的类型、构造演化、改造作用形成的构造和油气分布。论文指出我国含油气盆地多属板内断陷（或坳陷）叠合式盆地;油气分布主要受盆地类型、构造演化和改造作用形成的构造样式等多种因素的控制。     

泥河湾地区晚新生代生物地层带

本文根据岩石地层，哺乳动物化石及古地磁资料的综合分析研究，将泥河湾地区晚新生代生物地层划分为５个生物地层时限带，并推算出每个带的年限，它们是：（１）Ｈｉｐｐａｒｉｏｎ ｈｏｕｆｅｎｅｎｓｅ时限带，？－３．３０Ｍａ；（２）Ｍｉｍｏｍｙｓ ｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ时限带，３．３０－２．４８Ｍａ；（３）Ｍｉｍｏｍｙｓ ｙｏｕｈｅｎｉｃｕｓ时限带，２．４８－１．８７Ｍａ；（４）Ａｌｌｏｐｈａｉｎｏｙｓ ｃｆ．     

Geomorphic evolution of the Southern Alps,New Zealand

The Southern Alps are the topographic expression of late Cenozoic (<8 Ma ago) uplift of the crust of the leading edge of the Pacific plate in South Island, New Zealand. New fission track data on the basement exposed in the Southern Alps quantify the age, amount, and rate of rock uplift, and in combination with geomorphic parameters permit the construction of a new model of the geomorphic evolution of the Southern Alps. The model emphasizes the development over time and space of rock uplift, mean surface elevation, exhumation of crustal section, and relief. The earliest indications of mean surface uplift are between 4 and 5 Ma ago at the Alpine Fault. Mean surface uplift, which lagged the start of rock uplift, propagated southeastward from the Alpine Fault at a rate of 30 km/Ma. By about 4 Ma ago, exhumation had exposed greywacke basement adjacent to and east of the entire 300 km long central section of the Alpine Fault. At 3 Ma ago, greenschist was exposed in the southern parts of the Southern Alps near Lake Wanaka, and since then has become exhumed along a narrow strip east of the Alpine Fault. The model infers that amphibolite grade schist has been exhumed adjacent to the Alpine Fault only in the last 0·3 Ma. The age of the start of rock uplift and the amount and rate of rock uplift, all of which vary spatially, are considered to be the dominant influences on the development of the landscape in the Southern Alps. The Southern Alps have been studied in terms of domains of different rock uplift rate. At present the rate of rock uplift varies from up to 8–10 mm/a adjacent to the Alpine Fault to 0·8–1·0 mm/a along the southeastern margin of the Southern Alps. This spectrum can be divided into two domains, one northwest of the Main Divide where the present rock uplift rates are very high (up to 8–10 mm/a) and exceed the long-term value of 0·8–1·0 mm/a, and another to the southeast of the Main Divide where the long-term rate is 0·8–1·0 mm/a. A domain of no uplift lies immediately to the east of the Southern Alps, and is separated from them by a 1·0–1·5 km step in the basement topography. We argue that this spatial sequence of uplift rate domains represents a temporal one. The existing models of the geomorphic development of the Southern Alps—the dynamic cuesta model of J. Adams and the numerical model of P. Koons—are compared with the new data and evolutionary model. Particular constraints unrealized by these two earlier models include the following: the earlier timing of the start of rock uplift of the Southern Alps (8 Ma ago); the spatial variation in the timing of the start of rock uplift (8 Ma ago to 3 Ma ago); the lower long-term rock uplift rate (0·8–1·0 mm/a) of the Southern Alps for most of the late Cenozoic; the lag between the start of rock uplift and the start of mean surface uplift; and the patterns of the amounts of late Cenozoic rock uplift and erosion across the Southern Alps.     

大陆造山带中的隆－滑构造──一种前造山期伸展构造形式

大陆造山带中局部隆起－分层滑脱构造系（简称隆－滑构造）是对造山带的深入研究后提出的一种新的构造形式。它是在前造山期伸展构造作用体制下形成的，其结构由内核、外壳及接合面三部分组成。由于它与后造山期形成的变质核杂岩构造有着形貌相似的特点，因而很容易误将其归属为变质核杂岩构造。由于隆－滑构造有其特定的形成时间和独特的组合样式及构造特征，在造山带构造变形演化序列中应占有重要的地位，因而，这类构造的识别和确立对造山带研究有重要意义。由于隆－滑构造形成后又受到造山期收缩作用的挤压改造，它的原始形象已不甚明确，但一般常可以在复背斜构造中首先发现前造山期隆－滑构造的存在。由于隆－滑构造的特殊性，它对于造山带的构造学、地层学、变质作用以及成矿作用等的研究都很有意义。     

古新统─始新统界线与事件沉积

深海钻探揭示的古新统—始新统界线上许多全球性变化引起了地质学家的普遍关注。这些变化包括：岩性上从海绿石石英砂岩变化到粘土岩、粘土矿物组合从伊利石／蒙脱石为主变化为高岭石为主、大陆植物群的绝灭和迁移、钙质超微化石物种更新速度加快、底栖有孔虫绝灭和分异度降低、碳氧同位素强烈负异常、大陆哺乳动物演化发生变化、大气环流强度减弱、海洋环流模式改变、海平面上升、海底热液活动呈１～２个数量级加强。通过对古新世—始新世的地层沉积学、古生物学、古气候学和古海洋学研究，确认古新统—始新统地层界线是全球构造事件的结果，表现为全球板块边界重组、扩张中心和转换断层模式改变、海底热液活动呈１～２个数量级加强。