低标号充填体对采矿环境结构稳定性作用机制研究

运用ADINA有限元分析软件,计算分析了3种不同充填高度时的低标号充填体对采矿环境结构稳定性的作用机制。结果显示,分层内随着充填高度增加,结构稳定性具有如下规律：（1）人工顶柱拉应力最大值逐步降低,受力状况逐步得到改善;（2）人工矿柱拉应力首先转化为压应力,然后逐步增大,承载能力逐步得到提高,但达到某一充填高度后,人工矿柱的承载能力增长缓慢,继续充填对提高矿柱承载能力意义不大;（3）人工底柱由受矿柱的挤压作用转变为受充填体的重力作用,拉应力最大值呈现先降低后上升变化规律。综合考虑经济、安全等因素,低标号充填体存在一个最合理的充填高度（2.8 m）。研究结果为采矿环境结构安全施工提供了科学依据。     

Geotechnical characterization of fly ash composites for backfilling mine voids

Backfilling of mine voids is mandatory to avoid subsequent ground stability problems in the form of subsidence. River sand and mill tailings have been widely used since a long time as backfilling materials. However, with a strict regulation banning river sand mining in India, research for developing alternative engineering materials substituting sand has gained importance. In the present study four fly ash composite materials (FCMs) was developed from the fly ash obtained from a captive thermal unit of Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP). The main constituent of the composite were fly ash, lime and gypsum. Detailed physical, and engineering properties were determined for the FCMs. Significant increases in the compressive strength were obtained after 56 days of curing time. A detailed SEM studies was undertaken to account for the increase in strength with time. The fly ash composite developed from RSP has potential to be used as substitute to sand for backfilling the mine voids.     

Physical-chemical and electrochemical characterization of Fe-exchanged natural zeolite applied for obtaining of hydrogen peroxide amperometric sensors

This work demonstrates that a Fe-exchanged zeolitic volcanic tuff from Cepari (Fe/CV) (Bistrita-Nasaud County, Romania) is suitable for the amperometric detection of H₂O₂, using new modified carbon paste electrodes based on this material (Fe/CV-CPEs). The physical-chemical characterization of natural (CV) and modified (Fe/CV) forms was realized using chemical analysis, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The resulting electrodes (Fe/CV-CPEs) were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry measurements. The new electrodes showed good electrocatalytic activity toward H₂O₂ reduction. The calibration curve for H₂O₂ determination was linear up to 0.1 mM, with a detection limit (signal to noise ratio of 3) of 20 μM.     

The physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of three cemented layers within sulfide-bearing mine tailings

The oxidation and subsequent dissolution of sulfide minerals within mine tailings impoundments releases H⁺, Fe(II), SO₄ and trace elements to the tailings pore water. Subsequent pH-buffering and hydrolysis reactions result in the precipitation of secondary phases such as gypsum, goethite and jarosite. In areas of intense precipitation, cemented layers or “hardpans” often form within the shallow tailings. Three cemented layers within pyrrhotite-bearing mine tailings at the Fault Lake, Nickel Rim and East Mine impoundments located near Sudbury, Canada, were examined. The location of the three cemented layers within the tailings stratigraphy varies as does their location relative to the water table. The morphology, mineralogy and chemical composition of the cemented layers also vary between sites. The bulk density within the three cemented layers all showed an increase relative to the surrounding uncemented tailings ranging from 9% to 29%. The porosity of each cemented layer decreased relative to the surrounding uncemented tailings ranging from an 8% to 18% decrease. The cemented layers also showed relative enrichment of total sulfur, carbon and trace elements relative to the surrounding uncemented tailings. Arsenic concentrations showed an enrichment in the cemented layers of up to 132%, Cd up to 99%, Co up to 84%, Cu up to 144%, Ni up to 693% and Zn up to 145% relative to the surrounding uncemented tailings. All the cemented layers studied show an evolution of the secondary phases with time from a gypsum–jarosite-based cement to a goethite-rich cement. The formation of these layers could potentially have a significant effect on the environmental impacts of sulfide-bearing mine waste.     

北京砂石坑回填物对地下水水质影响分析

本文介绍了北京砂石坑回填现状,分析了回填物的污染组分特征。以北天堂生活垃圾填埋场和老山建筑垃圾填埋场为例,分析了生活垃圾和建筑垃圾对地下水的影响程度。结合回填物的特点,提出相应的处理对策。针对已造成地下水污染的回填地区,提出科学的污染控制和治理方法。     

西宁黄土状盐渍土作为回填材料的研究

通过对西宁地区黄土状盐渍土地基的分布、工程性质特点及其对建筑物危害的调查,分别从黄土状盐渍土的湿陷（溶陷）、盐胀和腐蚀性三大特点出发,对西宁黄土状盐渍土地基中回填用料土含盐量的变化对地基土性质的影响作了一些试验研究,提出了一些观点,通过实践取得了一定的社会效果和经济效益。     

深井复合顶板条件下沿空留巷充填体水平方向稳定性分析

针对深井沿空留巷充填体常向巷道空间发生移动,分析深井复合顶板条件下充填体水平位移特征,计算顶底板对充填体的摩擦力和基于弹性地基梁理论下的采空区冒落矸石对充填体的水平挤压力。基于淮南矿区顾桥矿1115（1）工作面轨道顺槽典型深井复合顶板条件下沿空留巷工程地质条件,建立充填体力学计算模型,得到深井复合顶板条件下沿空留巷充填体内移表达式。结果表明,（1）由于复合顶板裂隙发育,垮落后具有较好的流动性,在关键块旋转下沉过程中容易对充填体产生水平挤压力,且复合顶板能够较大程度吸收关键块旋转下沉施加的给定变形,底板不易插底,充填体更易发生内移;（2）理论计算充填体位移量为0.38 m,实测位移量为0.5 m,二者能够吻合,验证了研究成果的正确性。根据充填体内移特点,提出抗剪锚杆等措施增加充填体和顶底板摩擦因数和在靠近充填体的采空区侧设置隔离桩的控制技术。     

TBM隧道回填层-管片受力特征模型试验研究

回填层作为围岩和管片之间的连接部分,起到稳定衬砌、传递荷载、吸收变形等作用。护盾式TBM隧道施工过程中,回填层存在未注浆松散、注浆固结两个主要状态。回填层状态不同,回填层作用及管片受力特点也不同。研究采用相似模型试验分析不同状态下的回填层作用机制,通过研究得到了以下结论：回填层未注浆松散状态下,由于碎石的径向压缩与环向移动,围岩传递到管片上的荷载量值降低且分布较为均匀,此时回填层作为“可压缩层”,具有让压和均匀荷载的作用,能明显降低管片的受力和变形;回填层注浆固结后,回填层虽然能够承担少量的荷载与变形,但承载能力有限,主要作为围岩与管片之间的“传递层”,传递荷载与变形;对于挤压性围岩护盾式TBM隧道施工可适当应用回填层未注浆时的“可压缩性”,减小施工过程中管片受力与变形;对于浅埋及地铁隧道则应尽早注浆,使衬砌与围岩形成稳定的受力体系;回填层弹性模量的增加可提高回填层-管片组合体系支护刚度,但增加效果不明显。     

Strength characteristics of cemented sand–bentonite mixtures with fiber and metakaolin additions

Compacted sand–bentonite mixtures have been used as a good alternative hydraulic barrier material to compacted clays. This study presents the results of a laboratory investigation on the strength characteristics of cement-stabilized sand–bentonite (CSB) mixtures and the effects of adding small amounts of fibers and metakaolin to the mixture material for strength improvement. The strength characteristics of the mixture materials were examined using unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests and splitting tensile strength (STS) tests, with emphasis on evaluating the effects of different proportions of bentonite, fibers, and metakaolin within the CSB mixtures with a constant value of cement content. The test results indicated that the maximum improvements in UCS and STS were all attained in the CSB mixture with 10% bentonite content, and the inclusion of fibers and metakaolin of 1% each within the same CSB mixture led to an increase in UCS of about 40 and 70%, respectively. The addition of fibers also increased the ductility of the mixture material and was more effective for the improvement of tensile strength compared to that of metakaolin. The contribution of metakaolin to early-age strength (i.e., 3 and 7 days) of CSB mixture was found to be small due to the relatively low cement content in the mixture.     

钻孔灌注桩抗拔承载力的估算

通过天津市区五例钻孔灌注桩作为抗拔桩的静载荷试桩结果,分析天津地区钻孔灌注桩作为抗拔桩的单桩竖向极限承载力标准值的估算方法。