Effect of abutment modeling on the seismic response of bridge structures

Abutment behavior significantly influences the seismic response of certain bridge structures. Specifically in the case of short bridges with relatively stiff superstructures typical of highway overpasses, embankment mobilization and inelastic behavior of the soil material under high shear deformation levels dominate the response of the bridge and its column bents. This paper investigates the sensitivity of bridge seismic response with respect to three different abutment modeling approaches. The abutment modeling approaches are based on three increasing levels of complexity that attempt to capture the critical components and modes of abutment response without the need to generate continuum models of the embankment, approach, and abutment foundations. Six existing reinforced concrete bridge structures, typical of Ordinary Bridges in California, are selected for the analysis. Nonlinear models of the bridges are developed in OpenSees. Three abutment model types of increasing complexity are developed for each bridge, denoted as roller, simplified, and spring abutments. The roller model contains only single-point constraints. The spring model contains discrete representations of backfill, bearing pad, shear key, and back wall behavior. The simplified model is a compromise between the efficient roller model and the comprehensive spring model. Modal, pushover, and nonlinear dynamic time history analyses are conducted for the six bridges using the three abutment models for each bridge. Comparisons of the analysis results show major differences in mode shapes and periods, ultimate base shear strength, as well as peak displacements of the column top obtained due to dynamic excitation. The adequacy of the three abutment models used in the study to realistically represent all major resistance mechanisms and components of the abutments, including an accurate estimation of their mass, stiffness, and nonlinear hysteretic behavior, is evaluated. Recommendations for abutment modeling are made.     

水泥-粉煤灰浆液在水电站隧洞灌浆中的应用

针对三叉水电站引水隧洞Ⅳ标段围岩地质条件,详细分析了水泥-粉煤灰浆液在该工程引水隧洞灌浆中的应用情况。从应用情况综合分析可以得出,隧洞灌浆采用水泥-粉煤灰浆液是可行的,完全能满足设计要求,在保证灌浆质量的前提下,可以降低部分施工成本,具有较好的推广应用价值。     

回填块石土强夯施工工艺的确定及设计优化

以华能莱芜电厂百万机组“上大压小”扩建工程填方区回填块石土强夯地基处理试夯试验为例,比对2个试夯分区采用不同施工工艺施工的质量差别及处理效果,据此查明强夯法的施工质量,确定强夯有效加固深度、土的密实度、变形参数和地基承载力等。根据场地夯填厚度,选取合适的虚填厚度及相应的施工工艺,确定最终施工方案,进一步提高强夯地基处理效果,为最终确定大面积施工所采用的施工工艺提供依据。     

碳糊电极循环伏安法测定γ－和β－二氧化锰物相

利用碳糊电极循环伏安法对γ－ＭｎＯ＿２和β－ＭｎＯ＿２进行了定量分析，相对于２００．０ｍｇ碳粉的线性范围分别为γ－ＭｎＯ＿２９．１３～４５，６ｍｇ；β－ＭｎＯ＿２４．５６～３６．５ｍｇ，在线性范围内测量７次，其ＲＳＤ分别为０．５９％～５．２８％和Ｏ％～５．７２％。同时对γ－ＭｎＯ＿２和β－ＭｎＯ＿２的混合试样及湘潭电解二氧化锰也进行了定量测定，其平均相对误差分别为２．０１％～１２．４％和１．９６％～７．５２％。该方法进行物相分析，具有简便、快速、灵敏、经济和不经化学分离等特点。     

Long-term coupled behaviour of cemented paste backfill in load cell experiments

A pressure cell apparatus has been developed in this research work to study the long-term hydro-mechanical behaviour of cemented paste backfill (CPB) cured under applied stress. The samples are cured for 7, 28, 90 and 150 days and the evolution of their mechanical, hydraulic, physical and microstructural properties is studied. Also, the suction, temperature and electrical conductivity are monitored for a period of 150 days of curing. The testing and monitoring programmes are conducted in undrained conditions, with and without pressure application. The obtained results show that the curing stress affects the hydro-mechanical behaviour of CPB for up to 28 days. Within this curing period, the CPB exhibits enhanced hydro-mechanical performance. However, application of sustained excessive curing stress onto the CPB samples induces the propagation of microcracks in the backfill structure, thus causing lower mechanical strength and higher fluid permeability at the more advanced ages. Furthermore, the mineralogical and chemical compositions of the tailings (e.g., sulfidic tailings) can significantly alter the mechanical strength properties (uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus) and the permeability of the CPB. The evolution of coupled factors and characteristics of the CPB at an early age control and influence its long-term behaviour and performance.     

A solution to estimate the total and effective stresses in backfilled stopes with an impervious base during the filling operation of cohesionless backfill

Mining backfill is commonly used in underground mines. A critical concern of this practice is to evaluate the pressures and total stresses in backfilled stopes to ensure a safe and economic design of barricades, constructed to retain the backfill. When a slurried backfill is placed in a mine stope, excess pore water pressure (PWP) can instantaneously generate and progressively dissipate. The dissipation of the excess PWP and consolidation lead to the development of effective stresses, which in turn lead to an arching effect in the backfilled stope. Until now, arching effect has been largely considered for stress estimation in dry or submerged backfill. The former corresponds to the final state at the end process of the drainage and consolidation of the backfill with a pervious while the latter with an impervious barricade. However, previous studies have shown that the most critical moment for the stability of barricades is during the stope filling. Therefore, the design of barricades requires a proper estimation of the pressure and total stresses during the filling operation. This in turn needs joint consideration of the arching effect and consolidation of the backfill. In this paper, a new solution is developed to evaluate the pressures and stresses in backfilled stopes during the filling operation of cohesionless backfill by considering the self-weight consolidation and arching effect. The proposed solution is validated by numerical modeling with Plaxis2D. It can thus be used to evaluate the pressures and stresses in backfilled stopes during the stope filling with an impervious barricade.     

侧限条件下充填散体压缩承载和传力特性

充填散体的压缩承载和传力特性对防控充填开采矿山的地表变形具有重要意义。通过河卵石、碎石、尾矿、河砂、尾砂5种散体材料和7组不同粒径河卵石的侧限压缩试验,以及河卵石数值模拟压缩试验,分析了其压实过程和粒径对其变形、承载的影响,揭示了散体压缩过程中的传力特性。结果表明：散体压缩过程可分为空隙压密、颗粒破碎压密和压实固结3个阶段,且散体类型和粒径对其非线性压实过程基本没有影响,但对其内部结构重组过程有较大影响;压缩过程中,存在一个临界密实度使不同粒径河卵石的承载能力次序发生反转,且河卵石散体平均变形模量与颗粒特征因子呈负指数关系;基于河卵石数值模拟压缩试验得到的散体内部力链强度分布和“压力拱”,很好地证实了室内压缩试验中散体垂直应力沿加载方向呈递减的趋势,以及侧向应力在整个散体高度上先增后减这一试验结果。     

注浆技术在治理漂浮地下工程中的应用

本文介绍了一个运用注浆技术,成功治理漂浮人防工事的工程实例,这项工程实践拓宽了注浆技术的应用领域,同时也获得了一些有价值的技术数据。     

注浆法加固剥山填海地基

分析了剥山填海地基上建筑物产生严重不均匀沉降的原因,介绍了采用注浆法对其进行处理的设计与施工。     

加筋砂土作用在挡土墙上的土压力研究

以土的塑性极限分析理论和拱体理论为基础，结合挡土墙的长高比，提出了墙后砂土的两种三维破坏模式，并把两种模式与加筋相结合，求出了在加筋水平间距Sx和竖向间距Sx下作用在墙上主动土压力的上限解和设计的加筋长度。最后通过实例验证了本文的理论。