南秦岭山柞旬-安康地区的两次逆冲推覆和Ⅱ型造山带基本特征

界于东经108°30'～110°,商丹带-勉略带(或大巴山带)之间的山柞旬-安康构造带是在古生代-三叠纪南北向裂陷-裂谷板内海相沉积盆地基础之上转化形成的Ⅱ型造山带,它与东、西两侧的武当-商南带、佛坪-汉南带的组成、结构均不相同。南秦岭的山柞旬-安康带开始从南向北以及后来再自北向南的两次逆冲推覆所形成的构造格局,与目前都认为该区是从北向南指向四川盆地的滑脱—逆冲式的薄皮构造模式是完全不同的。笔者还简要讨论了Ⅱ型造山带的基本特征。     

贵州都匀牛角塘富镉锌矿床中镉的分布及赋存状态探讨

对贵州都匀牛角塘富镉锌矿的研究发现该矿床高度富集镉 ,矿石中镉含量一般为 2 2 84× 1 0 -6～ 9850× 1 0 -6,最高为 1 3 4 0 0× 1 0 -6,比地壳克拉克值 ( 0 .2× 1 0 -6)高 5～ 6个数量级 ,比工业品位高n× 1 0～n×1 0 2 倍 ,且其储量达到大型矿床的规模 ,在世界上十分罕见。镉主要以类质同象存在于闪锌矿中 ,少量镉以硫镉矿等独立矿物形式存在于矿床的氧化带 ,是风化淋滤过程中形成的镉的次生矿物。     

ZD9A-Ⅱ型大地电场仪故障判断及日常维护方法

介绍ZD9A-Ⅱ型地电场仪工作原理、主要功能特点,并着重介绍了该仪器在台站日常工作中维护方法,结合ZD9A-Ⅱ型地电场仪在台站运行过程中的故障类型统计及相应的维修过程,总结该型仪器的常见故障特征并给出了相应的解决方案,为台站设备维护人员判断、解决问题,提供清晰思路。     

对铁路施工期线上GNSS网更新原则的探讨

新建南通至上海铁路一期工程线上CPⅡ复测按照新规范技术要求实施,CPⅡ点按照评判标准更新后,部分更新点的坐标变化与CPⅢ控制网的变化并不协调.通过分析复测中的典型案例发现,线上CPⅡ更新在规范评判原则的基础上,还应增加CPⅢ复测与建网成果的分析来确定CPⅡ成果的采用情况,并扩展至无砟轨道.提出了采用CPⅢ控制网的复测数...     

基于矩张量的深埋隧洞岩爆机制分析

以锦屏二级水电站微震监测数据为基础,将矩张量引入到深埋隧洞岩爆机制分析研究中。对分析过程中遇到的2个关键问题提出了针对性的建议：① 隧洞工程为线性工程,传感器布置空间有限,难以形成良性传感器阵列,矩张量分析结果的可靠性受到很大的影响,为此,提出了数值计算过程中的坐标系空间旋转法。该方法按最优路径旋转隧道坐标系,使对于同一个事件的每个传感器,源-传感器射线到新坐标系的3个方向余弦差值在10倍数值范围以内,在数值计算过程中,可以得到较理想的矩张量结果。②针对Ohtsu使用矩张量分解判断岩石破裂类型的方法中,提出的各分量比重计算公式,仅适用于各分量均为受拉的情况。考虑快速掘进条件下隧洞工程受力方向的不确定性,扩展其分量比重计算公式到更一般适用状态。在此基础上,建立了一套完整的岩爆孕育过程矩张量分析方法。利用该方法对锦屏二级水电站典型岩爆微震数据进行分析,结果表明,该方法可以较好地解释岩爆孕育过程岩石破裂演化机制。     

Seasonal Cycles of Dissolved Cd, Mn and Zn in River Water Caused by Variations in pH Induced by Biological Activity

pH, dissolved oxygen, Zn, Cd and Mnwere measured once a month for 2.5 years in the LotRiver, France. The pH is controlled by biologicalactivity (photosynthesis and respiration). Dissolvedoxygen variations are due to a combination ofbiological activity and of the temperature dependenceof the oxygen solubility. pH is the master variablefor concentrations of aqueous Zn, Cd and Mn, thelowest concentrations being associated with thehighest pH values, which occur during the summer. pH-related processes rather than redox phenomenaexplain variations in dissolved Mn. Variations indissolved Zn and Cd are also controlled bypH-dependent reactions (possibly related to thedissolutive behavior of solid Mn).     

Particulate Flux and Cd/P Ratio of Particulate Material in the Pacific Ocean

Time-series Mark 7 sediment traps were deployed at three stations at 0°N, 13°N and 48°N along 175°E to investigate seasonal and spatial variations of particulate material flux. Chemical analysis of particulate material was performed for four major chemical components, viz. opal, CaCO₃, organic material and clay minerals, Cd and P in the particulate material were also determined. We discuss the characteristics of particulate material at each site and the transportation of Cd and P to deep water by the particulate material. The total mass fluxes and variation of fluxes at each site reflect oceanographic conditions, such as biological productivity and kind of major planktonic organisms. At the northern site, large mass fluxes with a spring bloom and high ratios of opal are characteristic. Relatively small mass fluxes with high ratios of CaCO₃ are distinct, and dissolution of CaCO₃ due to sinking is recognized in the middle latitude and 0°N sites. The larger flux at the lower trap than the upper trap at the equatorial site suggests influence by lateral transport in the deep water. Distinctive decreasing Cd/P ratio and CaCO₃ concentrations in the particulate material with increasing depth suggests that the change of Cd/P ratio in the intermediate and deep water occurs through the dissolution of CaCO₃. The dissolved Cd/P ratios in the deep water are proportional to the age of the deep water in the Atlantic but not in the Pacific. This is explained by the difference of kinds of particulate material transporting Cd and P in the deep water between the oceans. That is, the major planktonic organisms are planktons of CaCO₃ tests in the Atlantic Ocean and diatoms of opal tests in the North Pacific Ocean.     

成都平原土壤中Cd的空间分布与成因探讨

通过样品采集和室内分析,研究了成都平原区土壤中Cd高含量区的区域分布特征和形成原因。在绵远河、石亭江流域冲积物中存在Cd含量高值区。Cd高含量区域分布Ⅰ、Ⅱ级阶地-Ⅲ级-Ⅳ级或Ⅴ级阶地冲击物中Cd含量逐渐降低。发育与龙门山的河流(绵远河、石亭江)沉积物Cd含量显著高于其他水系沉积物。Cd高含量分布区与不同级次的阶地相吻合的特征表明其控制因素显著,属于地质作用的产物。这一结论与多数研究者认为的人为因素引起的具有根本区别。     

巯基棉分离富集ICP-AES法测定高盐冶金废水中痕量铅镉铜银

矿山企业的冶金废水含有多种污染环境的金属元素,必须经过化学沉淀法处理达标后排放。冶金废水经化学沉淀后引入了大量盐分,使得金属元素含量变得极低给分析测试造成困难。针对此类高盐冶金废水,本文采用巯基棉分离富集其中的金属元素,建立了运用电感耦合等离子体光谱(ICP-AES)测定铅、镉、铜、银的分析方法。通过优化实验表明,巯基棉可有效地分离实际样品中大量存在的硫酸根离子和钠离子基体,富集待测元素的效果显著,硫酸根离子和钠离子回收率均小于0.05%,待测元素的回收率在88.7%~113.0%之间。实验条件方面,待测溶液的pH值对巯基棉吸附有较大的影响,使用巯基棉富集前应将溶液调节至适宜的pH值;待测溶液在富集柱中的流速和洗脱剂盐酸的浓度对分离富集效果也有一定的影响。在最佳实验条件下,本法回收率为95.0%~102.0%,精密度(RSD)为3.1%~9.4%,方法快速简便、准确度高,能够满足冶金废水中痕量金属元素的检测需求。