再论华南（东）晋宁－加里东海盆地形成、演化及封闭

华南（东）晋宁－加里东海盆地形成于青白口纪，经历了晋宁期，加里东早期及加里东晚期３个演化阶段。海盆地基底为陆壳，形成于拉伸的裂谷环境，海盆地的封闭以陆内俯冲及拼贴为主，具多阶段性。海盆地基底，特别是华夏地块基底高热值属性导致了加里东海盆地有湘桂海盆地和赣闽粤海盆地２种类型，后者位于华夏基底之上，活动性明显，形成数条陆内动力热流变质带。     

靖远矿区地震勘探中存在的问题浅析

通过总结靖远矿区近十年三维地震勘探经验,对该区施工投入的仪器及观测系统参数进行对比,指出该区前期地震勘探中存在的问题,如：块段施工及分块处理,造成相邻区块之间相邻线上波组特征变化大,解释自相矛盾,对比困难,甚至出现构造假象;某些地震剖面记录虽具有明显同相轴错断、上下盘断点清晰、落差大等逆断层特征,但后期采煤揭露仅为一褶曲,仅部分地段存在小断层;在向斜勘探区,因侧面波的影响,往往导致主测线与联络测线上反射波特征差异明显,特别是远离向斜轴的测线,在侧面波终止处,会出现断层特征,造成误判。针对上述问题,提出了应广泛应用高精度地震勘探,加强验证资料的总结与分析,进而提高勘探水平,为矿方提供更好服务的建议。     

锦屏一级水电站左岸抗力体基础处理洞室群围岩稳定性分析

通过对锦屏一级水电站左岸抗力体五层洞室岩体结构特征详细调查,采用水电围岩分类的方法对抗力体洞室进行围岩分类。分类结果表明：抗力体洞室围岩以Ⅲ2类围岩居多,占了50％左右,其次为Ⅳ类,占36％左右,Ⅲ1和Ⅴ类围岩所占比例较少。通过对洞室施工开挖失稳破坏现象的调查研究,分析了洞室失稳破坏的机制及破坏形式,认为围岩主要的破坏形式为弱面控制型的块体滑移塌落。对洞室监测资料的分析结果表明,在目前的支护条件下,总体监测未见异常,整体上基础处理洞室监测状态稳定。但F5、F42-9断层及煌斑岩脉等软弱部位应力及变形缓慢增加,需要加强监测。最后根据分析结果提出了建议。     

锦州25—1区块探井钻井实践与认识

锦州25—1油田是渤海湾近年钻探发现的大型油田。锦州25—1区块先后钻了十多口探井,在钻井作业中遇到上部井眼扩大严重、井径不规则、井垮、起下钻遏阻卡、电测作业遏阻、电测井底沉砂较多、井漏等复杂情况。通过对锦州25—1区块前面几口探井钻井中出现的问题进行认真分析,研究了锦州25—1区块的地层压力剖面分布。经过不断的总结与措施改进后,在后面的探井钻井作业中做到了起下钻顺利,上部井径扩大率较小,未出现井垮情况,电测一次到底,钻井作业生产时间大幅度提高,为锦州25—1油田的生产井钻井积累了宝贵的经验。     

Sedimentary control on the formation of a multi-superimposed gas system in the development of key layers in the sequence framework

Based on core observations, well logs and test results of siderite-bearing mudstone from the Benxi Formation to the Member 2 of the Shanxi Formations in the Linxing block, northeastern Ordos Basin, a logging identification model for siderite-bearing mudstone (key layer) was established. The porosity characteristics and sealing property were quantitatively evaluated by logging data. Sedimentary control on the formation of multi-superimposed gas-bearing system in the development of key layers in the sequence framework was also discussed. The results showed that the siderite-bearing mudstone has obvious logging response characteristics, e.g., high photoelectric absorption cross-section index (PE), high density (DEN), high amplitude natural gamma ray (GR), low acoustic (AC), low resistivity (M2RX) and low neutron porosity (CNCF). The quantitatively evaluated results of the porosity characteristics and sealing property for the key layer showed that the key layer has the characteristics of low porosity (with an average of 1.20 percent), low permeability (with an average of 2.29 × 10⁻⁸μm²), and high breakthrough pressure (with an average of 12.32 MPa) in the study area. This layer acts as an impermeable gas barrier in a multi-superimposed gas system. The results also indicated that the material composition of the multi-superimposed gas-bearing system can be established by the sequence stratigraphic framework. The sedimentary evolution results in a cyclic rhythm of material composition vertically. The spatial distribution of the corresponding transgressive event layer near the maximum flooding surface (MFS) in the sequence framework restricts the spatial distribution of the key layer with high breakthrough pressure and low porosity, which constitutes the gas-bearing system boundary. The siderite-bearing mudstone formed near the MFS in the second-order sequence and constitutes a stable comparison of the first-order gas-bearing system boundary, which has a wide range of regional distribution and stable thickness. The siderite-bearing mudstone formed near the MFS in the third-order sequence is often incompletely preserved due to the late (underwater) diversion channel erosion and cutting. This layer forms the coal-bearing reservoirs, which we termed as a second-order gas-bearing system in adjacent third-order sequences to form a uniform gas-bearing system.     

东昆仑断裂东段下热尔断裂活动特征初步研究

下热尔断裂位于巴颜喀拉块体东北边界变形带即东昆仑断裂带东段与迭部-白龙江断裂2条剪切断裂之间挤压变形带内,在空间上属于“玛曲空段”范围.经野外考察及遥感资料验证,确定下热尔断裂走向为310°,长度约为20km,运动学特征表现为左旋走滑为主兼少量倾滑分量,沿断裂发育大量断错地貌,水平位移主要分布在3.5～5m,而未发现垂向断错地貌;垂直断裂走向开挖2处探槽,揭示断层切穿晚第四纪地层,被地表沼泽相泥炭层覆盖,结合相关地层年龄资料,初步得出平均水平滑动速率约为6.3mm/a.该断裂在几何学与运动学方面与东昆仑断裂带具有较好的一致性,推测两者之间存在一定相关性,属于东昆仑断裂带走滑断裂体系内的一条次级断裂或过渡性断裂.     

3D P-WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE AT THE NORTHEASTERN MARGIN OF ORDOS BLOCK

Using the 7 100 absolute first arrivals of P waves and 91 513 relative P arrival times of 726 events at the northeastern margin of the Ordos block since 2009, the 3D fine structure of P wave velocity within the depth of 15km in the crust was inverted by the double difference seismic tomography method. The results show that there exist obvious high-speed continuous bodies in the northwest of the study area, and their lateral areas increase gradually with depth, while the velocity of east and south is relatively low. The velocity inhomogeneity exists and differs at different depths. The lateral differences of velocity are related to seismicity and faults. The 5~15km depth profile shows that earthquakes tend to occur in the area with relatively high velocity or high speed transition zones, which to some extent reflects the fragility of regional crustal media and the strong differential movement of faults in vertical and horizontal directions where the crust body is easy to absorb and store strain energy and generate major earthquakes. A "Y"-shape low-velocity channel is present in the lower crust around Liangcheng, corresponding to the NW-trending Heilaoyao-Shahukou fault set, which may reveal the migration path of the Late Tertiary-Quaternary basalt eruption. The Helingeer M6.2 earthquake in 1976 was related to the formation of the locking section of the thermal welding in this area. The three-dimensional fine structure of P wave velocity presented in this paper provides intuitive seismological evidence for physical and chemical properties of crustal media and the deep tectonic environment of earthquake preparation.     

基于接收函数方法研究川滇块体东边界的地壳厚度和泊松比

本文使用沿川滇块体东边界主要断裂带(安宁河、则木河、小江断裂带)布设的37个临时台站和四川区域台网14个固定台站记录的远震波形资料,用时间域迭代反褶积方法提取接收函数,采用接收函数H-κ反演方法得到了30个台站下方的地壳厚度和泊松比。研究结果表明,川滇块体东边界的地壳厚度表现为自西向东由60km左右向华南块体(35km左右)逐渐减薄的过渡带特征:以安宁河—大凉山断裂带为界,以西地壳厚度平均在54km左右,以东作为华南块体与川滇块体的交界前缘,地壳厚度在42~48km之间。以小江断裂带与则木河断裂带交汇处为界,其南北两侧的地壳岩性和组分差异明显。小江断裂带北段泊松比值在0.20~0.27之间,表明其地壳物质组分主要为中基性岩石。而以北的安宁河、则木河及马边—盐津断裂带的泊松比值大多位于0.27~0.32之间。安宁河—则木河断裂带附近多数台站的泊松比值0.30,可能是部分熔融造成的。     

基于FEA的填充墙与隔震器协同抗震系统性能分析

隔震器与填充墙对建筑抗震性能有很大作用。为了探究填充墙布置形式及填充材料和隔震器协同作用对钢筋混凝土框架结构动力特性及抗震性能的影响,采用等效斜撑理论,对3种不同填充墙布置形式与隔震器协同作用的抗震系统方案进行对比分析,研究发现顶层不布置填充墙与隔震器协同抗震系统钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震性能最佳。在此系统上分析了不同填充材料对钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能的影响,结果表明,加气混凝土砌块填充墙的钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能最好。