锦屏一级水电站左岸抗力体基础处理洞室群围岩稳定性分析

通过对锦屏一级水电站左岸抗力体五层洞室岩体结构特征详细调查,采用水电围岩分类的方法对抗力体洞室进行围岩分类。分类结果表明：抗力体洞室围岩以Ⅲ2类围岩居多,占了50％左右,其次为Ⅳ类,占36％左右,Ⅲ1和Ⅴ类围岩所占比例较少。通过对洞室施工开挖失稳破坏现象的调查研究,分析了洞室失稳破坏的机制及破坏形式,认为围岩主要的破坏形式为弱面控制型的块体滑移塌落。对洞室监测资料的分析结果表明,在目前的支护条件下,总体监测未见异常,整体上基础处理洞室监测状态稳定。但F5、F42-9断层及煌斑岩脉等软弱部位应力及变形缓慢增加,需要加强监测。最后根据分析结果提出了建议。     

锦州25—1区块探井钻井实践与认识

锦州25—1油田是渤海湾近年钻探发现的大型油田。锦州25—1区块先后钻了十多口探井,在钻井作业中遇到上部井眼扩大严重、井径不规则、井垮、起下钻遏阻卡、电测作业遏阻、电测井底沉砂较多、井漏等复杂情况。通过对锦州25—1区块前面几口探井钻井中出现的问题进行认真分析,研究了锦州25—1区块的地层压力剖面分布。经过不断的总结与措施改进后,在后面的探井钻井作业中做到了起下钻顺利,上部井径扩大率较小,未出现井垮情况,电测一次到底,钻井作业生产时间大幅度提高,为锦州25—1油田的生产井钻井积累了宝贵的经验。     

Sedimentary control on the formation of a multi-superimposed gas system in the development of key layers in the sequence framework

Based on core observations, well logs and test results of siderite-bearing mudstone from the Benxi Formation to the Member 2 of the Shanxi Formations in the Linxing block, northeastern Ordos Basin, a logging identification model for siderite-bearing mudstone (key layer) was established. The porosity characteristics and sealing property were quantitatively evaluated by logging data. Sedimentary control on the formation of multi-superimposed gas-bearing system in the development of key layers in the sequence framework was also discussed. The results showed that the siderite-bearing mudstone has obvious logging response characteristics, e.g., high photoelectric absorption cross-section index (PE), high density (DEN), high amplitude natural gamma ray (GR), low acoustic (AC), low resistivity (M2RX) and low neutron porosity (CNCF). The quantitatively evaluated results of the porosity characteristics and sealing property for the key layer showed that the key layer has the characteristics of low porosity (with an average of 1.20 percent), low permeability (with an average of 2.29 × 10⁻⁸μm²), and high breakthrough pressure (with an average of 12.32 MPa) in the study area. This layer acts as an impermeable gas barrier in a multi-superimposed gas system. The results also indicated that the material composition of the multi-superimposed gas-bearing system can be established by the sequence stratigraphic framework. The sedimentary evolution results in a cyclic rhythm of material composition vertically. The spatial distribution of the corresponding transgressive event layer near the maximum flooding surface (MFS) in the sequence framework restricts the spatial distribution of the key layer with high breakthrough pressure and low porosity, which constitutes the gas-bearing system boundary. The siderite-bearing mudstone formed near the MFS in the second-order sequence and constitutes a stable comparison of the first-order gas-bearing system boundary, which has a wide range of regional distribution and stable thickness. The siderite-bearing mudstone formed near the MFS in the third-order sequence is often incompletely preserved due to the late (underwater) diversion channel erosion and cutting. This layer forms the coal-bearing reservoirs, which we termed as a second-order gas-bearing system in adjacent third-order sequences to form a uniform gas-bearing system.     

3D P-WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE AT THE NORTHEASTERN MARGIN OF ORDOS BLOCK

Using the 7 100 absolute first arrivals of P waves and 91 513 relative P arrival times of 726 events at the northeastern margin of the Ordos block since 2009, the 3D fine structure of P wave velocity within the depth of 15km in the crust was inverted by the double difference seismic tomography method. The results show that there exist obvious high-speed continuous bodies in the northwest of the study area, and their lateral areas increase gradually with depth, while the velocity of east and south is relatively low. The velocity inhomogeneity exists and differs at different depths. The lateral differences of velocity are related to seismicity and faults. The 5~15km depth profile shows that earthquakes tend to occur in the area with relatively high velocity or high speed transition zones, which to some extent reflects the fragility of regional crustal media and the strong differential movement of faults in vertical and horizontal directions where the crust body is easy to absorb and store strain energy and generate major earthquakes. A "Y"-shape low-velocity channel is present in the lower crust around Liangcheng, corresponding to the NW-trending Heilaoyao-Shahukou fault set, which may reveal the migration path of the Late Tertiary-Quaternary basalt eruption. The Helingeer M6.2 earthquake in 1976 was related to the formation of the locking section of the thermal welding in this area. The three-dimensional fine structure of P wave velocity presented in this paper provides intuitive seismological evidence for physical and chemical properties of crustal media and the deep tectonic environment of earthquake preparation.     

基于接收函数方法研究川滇块体东边界的地壳厚度和泊松比

本文使用沿川滇块体东边界主要断裂带(安宁河、则木河、小江断裂带)布设的37个临时台站和四川区域台网14个固定台站记录的远震波形资料,用时间域迭代反褶积方法提取接收函数,采用接收函数H-κ反演方法得到了30个台站下方的地壳厚度和泊松比。研究结果表明,川滇块体东边界的地壳厚度表现为自西向东由60km左右向华南块体(35km左右)逐渐减薄的过渡带特征:以安宁河—大凉山断裂带为界,以西地壳厚度平均在54km左右,以东作为华南块体与川滇块体的交界前缘,地壳厚度在42~48km之间。以小江断裂带与则木河断裂带交汇处为界,其南北两侧的地壳岩性和组分差异明显。小江断裂带北段泊松比值在0.20~0.27之间,表明其地壳物质组分主要为中基性岩石。而以北的安宁河、则木河及马边—盐津断裂带的泊松比值大多位于0.27~0.32之间。安宁河—则木河断裂带附近多数台站的泊松比值0.30,可能是部分熔融造成的。     

基于FEA的填充墙与隔震器协同抗震系统性能分析

隔震器与填充墙对建筑抗震性能有很大作用。为了探究填充墙布置形式及填充材料和隔震器协同作用对钢筋混凝土框架结构动力特性及抗震性能的影响,采用等效斜撑理论,对3种不同填充墙布置形式与隔震器协同作用的抗震系统方案进行对比分析,研究发现顶层不布置填充墙与隔震器协同抗震系统钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震性能最佳。在此系统上分析了不同填充材料对钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能的影响,结果表明,加气混凝土砌块填充墙的钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能最好。     

鄂尔多斯及其周缘地热分布的某些特征

利用鄂尔多斯及其周缘的大地热流、地温梯度和地温分布等资料研究了其展布特征和差异性变化，并讨论了地热分布与地壳深浅构造的关系。认为，鄂尔多斯块体内大地热流、地温梯度值整体偏低，而其周缘地区则呈现出环状高值异常带。该区地震活动主要集中分布在鄂尔多斯周缘地区，即鄂尔多斯周缘存在着高热流、高地温梯度和地震丛集分布相统一的现象。这一现象说明，地热和地震活动之间存在着某种必然的联系。     

黑龙江东北部汤原断陷断块体运动特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用

应用构造运动学理论,以地质、地球物理和钻井资料为基础,对汤原断陷基底和各断块体的运动特征进行研究,证实断陷内第Ⅳ块体的基底伸展量最大,第Ⅴ块体的基底伸展量最小;通过对15个块体的实例计算总结出不同构造、不同时期断块体的翘倾运动程度存在很大差异;汤原断陷构造运动控制了油气藏类型。伸展运动和压扭性挤压运动形成构造油气藏,伸展运动早、中期在向斜部位形成岩性油气藏,断块体翘倾运动和抬升剥蚀作用形成地层油气藏。     

大别山南山岭石榴橄榄岩成因的岩石学研究

大别山罗田穹隆东南侧的南山岭石榴橄榄岩岩体面积小(173×133m2),由贵橄榄石(75%).透辉石(10%)和镁铝石榴石(15%)组成.本文通过岩石学及地球化学研究,并与大别山的碧溪岭、毛屋、饶拔寨、芝麻坊岩体以及其他地区的基性岩浆杂岩体(如红格岩体、元宝山岩体、柴北缘岩体)、残留地幔块体(五大连池、鹤壁、山旺)等不同成因的超镁铁岩进行对比后认为,该岩体属于火成成因,是镬铁-超锾铁杂岩体的一部分.表现在橄榄岩呈块状构造,矿物分布均匀未见定向排列.镜下呈现典型的火成结构;FeOT.含量高(21.36%),Mg#(0.77)低,Mg Ni/Fe Mn(3.06)＜7,V(175.5×10-6)含量高于地幔块体成因的橄榄岩;REE总量偏低,LREE弱富集,(La/Yb)N=3.1,低于饶拔寨、芝麻坊等残留地幔块体成因的橄榄岩.南山岭橄榄岩在微量元素蛛网图中,具有Ba、U、Pb、Zr、Eu的正异常和Nb的负异常,石榴橄榄岩全岩以及透辉石单矿物都具有高87Sr/86Sr(0.7088,0.7086)和低εNd(t)(-6.55～-6.01)的特征,尽管南山岭与碧溪岭岩体距离很近而且都属于火成成因,但岩石的结构构造、变质变形的印记、REE配分形式和同位素特征都有区别,表明二者的源区及演化经历不同,相比之下.南山岭岩浆源区地壳组分的作用更为明显.在εNd(t)-(87Sr/86Sr),图解中南山岭橄榄岩的投点十分靠近大别山北麓120～130Ma侵位的祝家铺辉石岩-辉长岩岩体群的投点分布范围,暗示可能有与罗田穹窿西北侧祝家铺岩体群的岩浆活动相对应.     

阿中地块北缘库木达坂岩体群特征及锆石U-Pb测年

分布于阿中地块北缘中浅变质岩隆起带之上的库木达坂岩体(群),为一规模较大的复式岩体,不同岩石类型之间接触关系清楚,由早到晚其侵位顺序为细粒黑云二长花岗岩→中粒含斑黑云二长花岗岩。岩石地球化学资料研究证明,该岩体群与大陆岛弧型花岗岩(CAG)相似,显示壳源花岗岩特点,岩体群中获得(449.7±5.8)Ma的单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄值,确定该岩体群侵位时代为晚奥陶世,岩体形成可能与红柳构—拉配泉早古生代洋壳向南俯冲相关。