覆盆子-红花药对与男性不育症的治疗相关机制探讨

目的：基于网络药理学探讨覆盆子-红花药对治疗男性不育症的物质基础及作用机制。方法：用TCMSP数据库检索覆盆子、红花,收集其化学成分以及靶点信息;用GeneCards和OMIM数据库筛选男性不育症的疾病靶点;应用韦恩图筛选药物与疾病的共同靶点;应用R软件进行GO富集分析及KEGG分析;应用 Cytoscape 3.7.2 软件构建药物-活性成分-疾病-靶点互作网络。结果：从覆盆子、红花得到了22个活性成分及202个药物靶点。在药物-活性成分-疾病-靶点互作网络中,degree值较高的为槲皮素及木犀草素,表明覆盆子-红花药对治疗男性不育症的主要活性成分可能为槲皮素、木犀草素等。覆盆子-红花药对治疗男性不育症的可能靶点有131个,其中核心靶点为ALB、AKT1、IL-6、VEGFA、JUN等,这些靶点主要与氧化及抗氧化生物等生物学过程相关。覆盆子-红花药对的靶点主要通过P13K/Akt信号通道治疗男性不育症。结论：覆盆子-红花药对通过多靶点、多途径治疗男性不育症。本研究为开展覆盆子-红花药对治疗男性不育症的实验提供了理论基础,为男性不育症的治疗提供了更多的思路。     

A wavelet method for detecting S‐waves in seismic data

Seismic signals consist of several typically short energy bursts, called phases, exhibiting several patterns in terms of dominant frequency, amplitude and polarisation. We present a fast algorithm to detect the so‐called S‐phase in a three‐component seismic signal. This new approach combines traditional S‐phase detection methods and the discrete wavelet transform. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

13C示踪技术在利玛原甲藻中腹泻性贝毒合成研究的应用

选取具有显著产毒差异的利玛原甲藻(Prorocentrum lima) SHG株与2XS株为研究对象,以2-¹³C-甘氨酸为示踪原料结合高分辨质谱方法,为腹泻性贝类毒素及其酯化态毒素合成与代谢途径的研究提供新方法和思路。结果表明,两株藻共发现16种腹泻性贝毒及其酯化态毒素成分。对照培养条件下SHG株(大田软海绵酸毒素含量为7.88 pg/cell,鳍藻毒素1含量为4.35 pg/cell)的产毒能力高于2XS株(大田软海绵酸毒素5.70pg/cell),而甘氨酸作为氮源培养条件可显著提高两株藻的产毒总量(P<0.05)。¹³C-甘氨酸标记组与甘氨酸培养组单细胞产毒量无显著变化(P>0.05)。腹泻性贝毒被标记后其同位素异构体丰度发生变化,其中酯化态受¹³C标记的影响程度更高,二级质谱图清晰表示出其碎片离子及脱水峰的标记情况。该方法直观阐明了甘氨酸可作为P. lima标记原料的产毒供体,并使用稳定同位素标记方法首次实现了酯化态的同步标记,有助于腹泻性贝毒生成机制的进一步研究。     

Spectroscopic Characterization of Organic Structures and Organic‐Inorganic Interactions in Paper Mill Sludge

The organic composition and organic‐inorganic interaction in paper mill sludge (PS) solvent extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone and ethanol) and humic fractions, humic acid (HA) and humin (HU) were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), proton and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR; ¹³C NMR), Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐vis). The strategy of fractionating the PS, sequentially, with organic solvents of increasing polarity is a reliable analytical procedure for humic substance sample separation because it results in more purified fractions. FTIR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR results showed that hexane extract consisted mainly of aliphatic hydrocarbon structures. Their contents in the extracts decreased as the polarity of the extracting solvent increased and the content of oxygen functional groups increased. Carboxylic and carboxylate functional groups were found in the acetone extract, and ester and ether functions were predominantly found in the ethanol extract. EPR spectra revealed some Fe³⁺ complexes with rhombic structure (g₁ = 4.3; g₂ = 9.0) in the humic fractions and in all solvent extracts, except hexane. Quasi‐octahedral Fe³⁺ complexes (g = 2.3; ΔH_pp ≤ 400 G) were found in the HU fraction and in the acetone extract. The organic free radical content in the HA fraction was higher than the non‐fractionated PS sample and HU fraction.     

Stable carbon isotope variations in northwest Europe during the last glacial–interglacial transition

Stable carbon isotope data that span part of the last glacial–interglacial transition (ca. 14-9 ka ¹⁴C BP; ca. 15–11 ka cal. BP), and which derive from organ-specific plant macrofossils recovered from two lake sediment profiles in the UK and one in Norway, are compared. The recorded temporal variations show similar trends, which, over a millennial time-scale appear to parallel the main drift in δ¹⁸O as determined for the GRIP ice-core. It is postulated that some smaller scale variations in the δ¹³C profiles may reflect the shorter term oscillations in δ¹⁸O values evident in the GRIP record, although this is less certain. Overall, however, the results suggest that stable carbon isotope measurements based on organ-specific terrestrial plant macrofossils may provide (i) a means for establishing correlations between terrestrial successions and (ii) additional paleoenvironmental information, as the apparent ‘shadowing’ of the GRIP record indicates a common forcing mechanism for both Greenland δ¹⁸O and northwest European δ¹³C variations. From the evidence available we suggest that the recorded δ¹³C variations reflect fluctuations in air temperature and/or changes in water vapour pressure in the atmosphere. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南海琼东南盆地崖13-1气田古近系陵水组海陆过渡带沉积特征及演化*

南海北部琼东南盆地中的众多凹陷均有海陆过渡相沉积,沉积相类型包括海湾辫状河三角洲和河口湾-潮坪。本次研究以高分辨率层序地层学理论为指导,将崖13-1气田古近系渐新统陵水组三段及二段各划分为1个长期基准面旋回,并在其内部进一步识别出10个中期基准面旋回(S1-S10)。在等时地层格架内,对陵水组三段及陵水组二段发育的沉积相特征及演化进行深入的探讨。陵水组三段沉积时期,研究区主要发育海湾辫状河三角洲沉积,其具有独特的层理构造、富含泥质纹层以及遗迹化石丰富。该沉积体系自下而上潮汐作用越来越强,早期以河流作用为主(S1-S4),中期为河流和潮汐混合作用(S5-S6),晚期逐渐过渡到以潮汐作用占主导(S7-S8)。陵水组二段沉积时期,研究区发生全面海侵,沉积作用方式及沉积特征更加复杂,生物成因构造更加独特,本次研究将其解释为河口湾-潮坪沉积(S9-S10)。研究表明,区域海平面的不断上升是研究区沉积相从海湾辫状河三角洲演化到河口湾-潮坪的主要控制因素。     

饲料中豆粕含量对军曹鱼幼鱼碳、氮稳定同位素分馏的影响

配制全鱼粉饲料（以鱼粉为蛋白源）、10%豆柏饲料（用豆柏蛋白10%鱼粉）、20%豆柏饲料（用豆柏蛋白20%鱼粉）等3种等氮等能饲料,分别投喂体质量21.34± 1.54g的幼鱼24 d,研究饲料中豆柏蛋白含量对 军曹鱼幼鱼碳、氮稳定同位素分馈的影响。结果表明,随着养殖时间的延长,各饲料组军曹鱼δ13C逐渐上升,δ15N逐渐下降,虽然δ13C和δ15N变化速度上有差异,但除20%豆柏饲料组肌肉的δ15N外,其他各饲料组肌肉和 全鱼在实验结束时均已与饲料达到同位素平衡;军曹鱼肌肉和全鱼的△13^C和△15^N值均随饲料中豆柏蛋白含量 的增加而加大,△13C从4.19‰增加到5.04‰, △15N从0.18‰。增加到 2.20‰,军警鱼金鱼和肌肉的△13C和△15N 相似,但在同位素值变化速度上有差异,因此,在进行生态学营养级研究（长时间尺度）时,肌肉可以代表军警鱼的同位素特征,而在进行生理学研究（短时间尺度）时,肌肉的同位素变化则不能代表军警鱼的同位素变化。     

Spatial and temporal variations of sedimented organic matter in Xiaohai Lagoon, Hainan Island

The characteristics of grain-size,total organic carbon(TOC) and total nitrogen(TN) contents,TOC/TN ratios,stable carbon isotope(δ13C) and 210 Pb dating were measured in six sediment cores from the Xiaohai Lagoon.The results show distinct spatial and temporal variations in sedimentation patterns.The sediments are dominated by clayey silt,sandy silt and by silty sand in the southern,middle lagoon and the northern lagoon,respectively.TOC and TN contents decline from south to north.Sedimentation rates,determined by 210 Pb dating,tend to decrease from south to middle.However,the determination of sedimentation rate in the north is difficult.These spatial variations are related to the variations in sediment sources and hydrodynamic conditions in the Xiaohai Lagoon.The variations of organic matter signatures can be divided into two stages in the cores from the southern and middle lagoon.Before 1988,the organic matter signatures are relatively stable.The contribution of terrestrial organic carbon sources varies between 60% and 85%.After 1988,the organic matter signatures demonstrate significant variations.TOC and TN contents increase rapidly,TOC/TN ratios decrease,δ13C values shift to higher and the contribution of terrestrial organic carbon sources decreases to 40%-50%.The contributions of phytoplankton organic matter have increased in the sediment since 1988.Increasing aquaculture activities have had a significant impact on organic matter signatures since 1988.The sedimentation rates have increased rapidly in the southern and middle lagoon since 1988 due to the anthropogenic activities which include aquaculture,mining and deforestation.These activities have caused eutrophication and increased siltation in the southern and middle lagoon.     

Change of Organic δ13C in Ornithogenic Sediments of the Xisha Archipelago, South China Sea and its Implication for Ecological Development

Organic carbon isotopes in sediments have been frequently used to identify the source of organic matter.Here we present a study of organic δ~(13)C on two sediment profiles influenced by guano from Guangjin and Jinqing islands in the Xisha Archipelago,South China Sea.Organic matter from ornithogenic coral sand sediments has two main sources,guano pellets and plant residues,and their organic δ~(13)C(δ~(13)C_(OM)) are significantly different.Organic carbon δ~(13)C_(guano) is much higher thanδ~(13)C_(plants),and δ~(13)C_(OM)of bulk samples is intermediate.Based on a two-end-member mixing model,the proportions of guano-and plant-derived organic matter in the bulk samples were reconstructed quantitatively.The results showed that seabirds began to inhabit the islands around approximately1200-1400 AD,and that guano pellets have been an important source of soil organic matter since then.With the accumulation of guano-derived nutrients,plants began to develop prosperously on the islands in the last 200 years,which is reflected by the significant increase of plant-derived organic matter in the upper sediment layer.However,guano-derived organic matter decreased greatly in recent decades,indicating a rapid decrease in seabird population.Our results show that organic δ~(13)C can be effectively used to quantitatively determine different source contributions of OM to bulk ornithogenic coral sand sediments.