Carbon Isotope Features of the Sugetbrak Section in the Aksu?Wushi Area, Northwest China: Implications for the Precambrian/Cambrian Stratigraphic Correlations

The upper Qigeblaq Formation （Fm） dolostones and the Yurtus Fm phosphatic cherts, black shales, limestones, and dolostones are widely distributed in the Precambrian/Cambrian transitional succession of the Aksu-Wushi area. Negative δ13C excursion above the Yurtus Fm/ Qigeblaq Fm boundary was determined in this study. The pronounced negative carbon isotope excursion occurs in the phosphatic chert layers at the bottom of the Cambrian Yurtus Fm, below which the first appearance of the Asteridium- Heh＇osphaeridium-Comasphaeridium （AHC） acritarch assemblage zone. The δ13C curve of the lower part of the Yurtus Fm in the Aksu-Wushi area was found to be correlated with the early Cambrian δ13C curves of the Zhujiaqing Fm （Daibu Member）, the lower part of the Yanjiahe Fm on the Yangtze Platform in China, the lower Tal Fm in India, the Sukharikha Fm in Siberia, and the upper part of the Tsagaan Oloom Fm in Mongolia through biostigraphy. The lower part of the Yurtus Fm in the Tarim Basin is at the Nemakit-Daldynian stage, and the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary of the Aksu-Wushi area may be located in the phosphatic chert unit which just below the first appearance AHC acritarch assemblage zone. The negative δ13C excursion （N1） across the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary in the studied section may have resulted from oceanic overturning and sea level rise.     

Potential acidification impacts on zooplankton in CCS leakage scenarios

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies involve localized acidification of significant volumes of seawater, inhabited mainly by planktonic species. Knowledge on potential impacts of these techniques on the survival and physiology of zooplankton, and subsequent consequences for ecosystem health in targeted areas, is scarce. The recent literature has a focus on anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, leading to enhanced absorption of CO₂ by the oceans and a lowered seawater pH, termed ocean acidification. These studies explore the effects of changes in seawater chemistry, as predicted by climate models for the end of this century, on marine biota. Early studies have used unrealistically severe CO₂/pH values in this context, but are relevant for CCS leakage scenarios. Little studied meso- and bathypelagic species of the deep sea may be especially vulnerable, as well as vertically migrating zooplankton, which require significant residence times at great depths as part of their life cycle.     

稻田土壤碳循环关键微生物过程的计量学调控机制探讨

稻田生态系统碳循环是我国陆地生态系统碳循环的重要组成部分,微生物驱动的稻田土壤碳循环(输入、分配、稳定等过程)的生物地球化学过程是土壤碳循环过程研究的核心。目前,对稻田土壤碳循环过程及其机制的认识缺乏基于生态化学计量学层面的研究。因此,系统解析耦合化学—生物—环境要素的稻田土壤碳循环的关键过程是深入研究当前面临的诸多土壤生物化学问题(如土壤碳循环与土壤肥力、温室气体减排等)的科学瓶颈。在综合分析计量学的基本内涵与土壤计量学发展需求的基础上,论述了稻田土壤有明显区别于其他土壤类型的土壤发生学和生物化学特点,重点评述了稻田土壤碳循环的3个主要过程的研究进展,包括:1稻田土壤新鲜有机质转化、矿化的关键微生物过程计量;2典型水稻土CH4产生的关键微生物过程计量;3典型水稻土微生物CO2光合同化功能的计量。在此基础上,探讨了土壤生物化学过程统计学和数学模型在土壤计量学研究中的应用,并提出了稻田土壤碳循环关键微生物过程的计量学特征研究的发展趋势和科学问题展望。期望能够通过这些探讨对推动我国该研究领域的基础理论建设和新技术发展有所贡献。     

Correlations of foliar Δ with K concentration and ash content in sand-fixing plants in the Tengger Desert of China: patterns and implications

In different-aged sand-fixing zones and shifting sand dunes, the seasonal variations of foliar carbon isotope discrimination (Δ), potassium (K) concentration and ash content were investigated in three dominated deserted plants (Artemisia ordosica, Hedysarum scoparium and Caragana korshinskii) during growth season in Shapotou, which is in the southeast margin of the Tengger Desert. The correlations of foliar Δ with foliar K concentration and ash content were examined to evaluate the foliar K and ash content as surrogates of Δ in those deserted plants. Results showed that there were significant effects of plant species, micro-habitation and growth season on foliar Δ, K concentration and ash content. Foliar Δ of C. korshinskii was significantly lower than those of A. ordosica and H. scoparium, and K concentrations in A. ordosica were 2.14 and 2.36 times those of C. korshinskii and H. scoparium. At the same time, micro-habitation and the conditions in growth seasons had significant effects on foliar Δ, K concentration and ash content. Ash content and K concentration were positively correlated to Δ in A. ordosica and H. scoparium, while there was significantly negative relationship between foliar K concentration and Δ in C. korshinskii. Thus, those findings suggest that foliar ash content and K concentration can serve as surrogates of carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in A. ordosica and H. scoparium, while they do not in C. korshinskii. This result implied that the correlations of foliar Δ with ash content and K concentration were various due to the physiological features of plant species, and species differences should be fully considered when evaluating the surrogates of carbon isotope discrimination in plants.     

中间层与低热层二氧化碳体积混合比的年际变化特征研究

利用17年的SABER(Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry)Level2C数据研究了中间层与低热层大气(MLT, Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere) CO₂ VMR(Volume Mixing Ratio)的年际变化特征.使用多元线性回归模型对双月平均时间序列拟合,定量地提取各变化特征.结果表明,SABER CO₂ VMR长期趋势在中间层保持在5.5%/decade左右,在中间层顶和低热层降低至4.5%/decade左右;结果与模式预测在统计意义上相符.长期趋势没有显著的纬度差异,但在各纬度上都具有明显的季节依赖,MLT CO₂ VMR长期趋势的季节性改变源自低层大气长期趋势季节性改变.SABER CO₂ VMR对QBO (Quasi-Biannual Oscillation)和ENSO (El Ni1o-Southern Oscillation)在绝大多数区域没有统计显著的响...     

13C/12C比值在海洋生态系统营养关系研究中的应用──海洋植物的同位素组成及其影响因素的初步探讨

于１９９３年２月－１９９５年５月,采用生物显微镜鉴定并计数和高温氧化的方法,对崂山湾海洋植物的种类组成及其有机碳同位素组成的季节性变化作了５个季度月的研究。结果表明,该区网采浮游植物全年以硅藻为主,甲藻在夏季也可成为优势种之一,浮游植物的碳同位素组成在夏季较重,冬季和春季较轻,并与海水温度有弱的正相关性。     

大气中一半的二氧化碳消失到哪里去了?

简要介绍目前国外研究大气二氧化耐烦收支的测量方法。主要讨论利用涡旋相关法进行近地面能量,二氧化面碳通中遇到的问题以及近年来北美地区进行的大规模地面测量所取取得的主要成果。     

长江流域有机碳同位素地球化学特征

1997年 4～ 5月 ,在长江流域采集的土壤、植物和南北支流与主流悬浮颗粒物样品 ,对其进行了有机质δ13 C分析。结果表明 ,南北支流悬浮颗粒物有机质的δ13 C值范围在 - 2 .8%～- 2 .4 % ,而主流的δ13 C值分布在 - 2 .6 4 %～ - 2 .4 5%。南北支流的输入对长江主流不同地段的δ13 C值有着一定的影响 ,并对长江流域不同物源的贡献大小进行了估算。研究显示 :南部支流中悬浮颗粒物有机质的贡献主要来自高等植物 ;北部支流中高等植物的贡献相对降低 ,富含有机质的土壤成了重要来源。     

南沙珊瑚礁生态系的碳循环

99-4航次对南沙珊瑚礁区进行了考察，利用现场投放沉积物捕捉器采集沉降颗粒物样品，从生物与非生物体系两个侧面对南沙珊瑚礁生态系的碳循环作了深入的研究。结果表明，无机碳是珊瑚礁生态系中各种样品碳的主要存在形式，总碳的收支主要受到溶解平衡与钙化作用的控制。有机碳在珊瑚礁泻湖中具有很高的循环效率，泻湖中垂直转移的颗粒有机碳有93％以上在进入沉积物之前被释放，其中生物碎屑的颗粒有机碳释放率约为99％。珊瑚礁植物尤其是与珊瑚共生的虫黄藻等的光合作用以及珊瑚礁的拟流网模型、休渔模型分别代表了构成珊瑚礁有机碳循环的两个主要方面，即：高效循环和稳定补充。因而珊瑚礁保护应当重点保护珊瑚礁水环境和生物多样性资源。     

海洋碱性矿物增汇技术发展方向研究

工业革命以来,近1/3人为排放的二氧化碳被海洋吸收,海洋负排放潜力巨大。海洋碱化技术被认为是最具有固碳潜力的海洋负排放技术之一。硅酸盐碱性矿物橄榄石风化速率高,在自然界中具有广泛的分布。海水增汇效率受到橄榄石的溶解速率、扩散速率等因素的影响。基于近海橄榄石海上反应平台,利用清洁能源将橄榄石破碎、研磨加速其溶解,再由海流将高碱度海水进行扩散促进毗邻海域对大气二氧化碳吸收的方法具有广阔的应用前景。随着我国近海油气资源的开发,基于海上油气平台发展橄榄石碱化增汇技术,降低海上碱化反应平台基建成本的同时,可捕集油气生产过程中的二氧化碳,随碱化后海水入海,进一步提高碱性矿物增汇技术的碳封存效能。