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81.
The pore water concentrations of dissolved silica in sediment cores from the continental slope offshore from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, varied from 150 to almost 700 μ,M with depth in the top 40 cm of sediment. Sediment cores from 630 to 2010 m depth had very similar profiles of dissolved silica in their pore waters, even though these cores came from regions greatly different in slope, topography, sedimentation rate, and abundance of benthic macrofauna. Cores from 474 to 525 m were more variable, both with respect to pore water dissolved silica profiles, and with respect to sediment texture. Experiments indicate that both the rate of dissolution of silica and the saturation concentration decrease as sediment depth below the sediment-seawater interface increases. These data are consistent with depletion of a reactive silica phase in surface sediment, which may be radiolarian tests, or the alteration of biogenic silica to a less reactive form over time. Experimental results suggest that the pore water dissolved silica concentration in sediments below the top few centimeters may be higher than the sediments could now achieve. The flux of dissolved silica out of these sediments is estimated to be 15 μmoles cm−2 yr−1. 相似文献
82.
The Vani manganese deposit is located in the rugged NW sector of Milos Island. It occurs within the Vani volcano-sedimentary basin, which is underlain by dacitic domes and flows of Upper Pliocene age (3.5–2.0 Ma). The end of the emplacement of the dacites was marked by the collapse of the magma chamber, which resulted in a huge pyroclastic episode and the deposition of a thick layer of pyroclastic material within a shallow submarine basin. This pyroclastic material subsequently compacted to form the volcaniclastic sandstone, which became the host for the manganese ore beds which were about 4 m thick in the two sections studied. Hydrothermal fluids penetrated these sandstone horizons via fractures and fissures to produce the manganese deposit. The permeable nature of the sandstone facilitated the retention of the hydrothermal fluids within these layers. This permitted the fluids to cool slowly and deposit the manganese oxides almost quantitatively. Formation of the hydrothermal manganese deposit took place fairly rapidly over a period of several tens of thousands of years at most. Strong tectonic activity resulted in rapid uplift of the area which elevated the deposit above sea level.Two generations of manganese oxides have been identified within this deposit; the first generation consists of pyrolusite and ramsdellite; the second generation of oxides of the isostructural series cryptomelane–hollandite–coronadite plus hydrohetaerolite characterized by high contents of K, Ba, Pb and Zn, respectively. This sequence is the result of a two-stage process of formation of the manganese-oxide minerals in which a second high-salinity hydrothermal fluid enriched in Ba, Pb and Zn as a result of the dissolution of sulphide minerals remineralized the original manganese-oxide assemblage. It is this two-stage process of formation, which was mainly responsible for the unique characteristics of this deposit. Although formed in a submarine setting, the deposit shows marked differences in mineralogy and composition from known submarine hydrothermal manganese deposits and is most analogous to the epithermal vein deposits of the southwestern United States. 相似文献
83.
Local Economic Development is (LED) an activity of increasing importance in the developing world as globalisation produces new roles for local governments. As compared to a growing number of urban initiatives for LED, rural LED initiatives are relatively undeveloped. In this paper, the focus is upon South Africa, where the post‐apartheid government has sought to encourage both urban and rural LED initiatives. Programmes of land reform and restitution in South Africa result in the resettlement or return to the land of communities formerly dispossessed under apartheid. A critical element of planning for successful resettlement is the implementation of LED programmes. Schmidtsdrift in Northern Cape is examined as an example of participatory LED in a developing rural context. Rural LED in South Africa is distinguished by its focus upon poverty alleviation in the context of addressing the legacies of apartheid. 相似文献
84.
F. I. González K. Satake E. F. Boss H. O. Mofjeld 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1995,144(3-4):409-426
The 25 April 1992 Cape Mendocino earthquake generated a tsunami characterized by both coastal trapped edge wave and non-trapped tsunami modes that propagated north and south along the U.S. West Coast. Both observed and synthetic time series at Crescent City and North Spit are consistent with the zero-order edge wave mode solution for a semi-infinite sloping beach depth profile. Wave amplitudes at Crescent City were about twice that observed at North Spit, in spite of the fact that the source region was three times farther from Crescent City than North Spit. The largest observed amplitude was due to an edge wave which arrived almost three hours after the initial onset of the tsunami; since such waves are highly localized nearshore, this suggests that the enhanced responsiveness at Crescent City is at least partly due to local dynamic processes. Furthermore, the substantially delayed arrival of this wave, which was generated at the southern end of the Cascadia Subduction Zone, has significant implications for hazard mitigation efforts along the entire U.S. West Coast. Specifically, this study demonstrates that slow-moving but very energetic edge wave modes could be generated by future large tsunamigenic earthquakes in the CSZ, and that these might arrive unexpectedly at coastal communities several hours after the initial tsunami waves have subsided. 相似文献
85.
86.
Time series of velocity profiles at two Chesapeake Bay entrance sites were used to characterize the subtidal variability of transverse flows off a cape. A shallow sampling site was located near Cape Henry over 6 m of water and separated from a deep site, 20 m deep, by a distance of 4 km. The velocity profiles showed that wind-induced subtidal variations in general masked curvature effects (centrifugal accelerations) that may produce secondary circulation associated with tidal flow around a cape. Such secondary circulation, consisting of flow away from the cape at surface and toward the cape at depth, was observed only during periods of weak winds. Most of the time, transverse flows were unidirectional throughout the water column and moved in opposite directions at the two sites examined. This caused convergence of transverse flow between the two sites under the influence of northerly winds and divergence of transverse flow with southwesterly winds. In addition to unidirectional and curvature-induced secondary flows, other modes of subtidal variability consisted of (1) two-layered responses with surface flow toward the cape, and (2) three-layered responses. These two- and three-layered structures were observed more frequently at the deep site, where greater stratification is expected, than at the shallow site.Responsible Editor: Iris Grabemann 相似文献
87.
近年来,神农架松柏镇居民的结石病时有发生.并有增长的势头。为了解地质环境尤其是饮用水对病患的影响,笔者现场对患病情况以及各种水源(包括河水、泉水、自来水)的来源、化学组成和放射性进行了调查,运用水质常规方法和原子吸收光谱分别测定了离子和微量元素。同时,与地质环境类似的木鱼镇进行了对比调查。研究结果显示,两地地表水、地下水的各种指标均未超出“生活饮用水水源水质卫生标准”。(CJ3020-93),且松柏镇水体中的放射性(γ射线)低于木鱼镇,而居民的患病率却远高于木鱼镇,可见松柏镇的水环境与居民的结石病无直接关系。 相似文献
88.
农户水土保持行为与生态环境变化关系密切,分析农户水土保持行为响应机理对退耕还林政策的实施具有重要意义。通过对江西省丰城市梅林镇多元回归模型分析,结果表明:(1)农户水土保持行为与退耕还林实施力度、退耕地收入与退耕还林后补偿比重成正相关,与退耕补偿年限成负相关;(2)农户水土保持投入减少反映农户家庭收入结构发生变化:从农业为主的收入阶段向以非农业或农业与非农业收入为主的阶段转变;(3)退耕还林政策实施农户水土保持行为响应以效益引导型为主。据此,提出相关建议。 相似文献
89.
G. P. Ayers S. A. Penkett R. W. Gillett B. Bandy I. E. Galbally C. P. Meyer C. M. Elsworth S. T. Bentley B. W. Forgan 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1996,23(3):221-252
The concentration of gas-phase peroxides has been measured almost continuously at the Cape Grim baseline station (41° S) over a period of 393 days (7702 h of on-line measurements) between February 1991 and March 1992. In unpolluted marine air a distinct seasonal cycle in concentration was evident, from a monthly mean value of>1.4 ppbv in summer (December) to <0.2 ppbv in winter (July). In the summer months a distinct diurnal cycle in peroxides was also observed in clean marine air, with a daytime build-up in concentration and decay overnight. Both the seasonal and diurnal cycles of peroxides concentration were anticorrelated with ozone concentration, and were largely explicable using a simple photochemical box model of the marine boundary layer in which the central processes were daytime photolytic destruction of ozone, transfer of reactive oxygen into the peroxides under the low-NOx ambient conditions that favour self-reaction between peroxy radicals, and continuous heterogeneous removal of peroxides at the ocean surface. Additional factors affecting peroxides concentrations at intermediate timescales (days to a week) were a dependence on air mass origin, with air masses arriving at Cape Grim from higher latitudes having lower peroxides concentrations, a dependence on local wind speed, with higher peroxides concentrations at lower wind speeds, and a systematic decrease in peroxides concentration during periods of rainfall. Possible physical mechanisms for these synoptic scale dependencies are discussed. 相似文献
90.
城镇建设用地适宜性评价信息系统研究:以福建省漳州市芗城区为例 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文以福建省漳州市芗城区为例,分析研究城镇建设用地适宜性评价信息系统的设计,建立与应用,从系统的概念模型入手,阐述了系统评价原则与体系,系统流程概念设计,数据库组织与结构的概念设计,评价模型概念设计等4个方面的内容,以ARC/INFO为主要支撑软件,建立了城镇建设用地适宜性评价信息系统。 相似文献