渤海湾盆地及周边的古生古储油气藏——以双洞背斜古油藏与刘其营、苏桥潜山油气藏为例

双洞背斜古油藏、刘其营潜山油气藏、苏桥潜山油气藏均为古生古储或自生自储的油气藏(古油藏)。双洞古油藏位于燕山褶皱带山海关隆起北部,邻近渤海湾盆地,其含油层为中—上元古界铁岭组,而该处根本没有下第三系生油层,说明中—上元古界和古生界是其生烃层。刘其营油气藏位于冀中坳陷,储层为奥陶系,盖层为石炭系—二叠系,其上部新生界主要生油层为沙河街组三段,中间相隔厚度约1000～3000m的沙河街组四段和孔店组隔层。沙河街组三段所生之油气,无法穿过这一隔层及不整合面向下运移到奥陶系储层中,因此刘其营潜山油气藏也不可能是新生古储的。苏桥油气藏是一复式油气藏,上部石炭系—二叠系气藏与下部奥陶系油藏叠合,根据油、气、水性质的对比也可以排除新生古储的成藏模式。渤海湾盆地古生界和中—上元古界具有生烃能力,其中的临清坳陷具备在深部古老地层寻找原生油气藏的条件。     

珠江口盆地珠一坳陷地温-地压系统特征及其对油气分布的影响

盆地地温和地压对油气成藏有重要的控制作用。针对珠江口盆地珠一坳陷的地温—地压系统特征研究薄弱的问题,以实测数据为基础,应用地温—地压系统概念,分析珠一坳陷3个典型凹陷的地温、地压及地温—地压系统特征,探讨其成因并分析其与油气分布的关系。认为珠一坳陷地温梯度表现为浅层低而深层高的特征;地压场表现为恩平组发育弱超压,文昌组发育中幅超压;珠一坳陷发育高压型复式地温—地压系统,即浅层为静压型地温—地压系统,深层为高压型地温—地压系统。迄今为止,珠一坳陷已发现的油气藏集中在浅部层系,以断层油气藏为主,而根据高压型复式地温—地压系统的基本特征,预测深部层系中极有可能发育与断裂活动无关的超压型岩性油气藏。显然查明地温—地压系统分布特征对珠一坳陷油气藏分布预测及勘探部署具有十分重要的指导意义。     

吐鲁番坳陷二叠系烃源岩有机质沉积特征

二叠系烃源岩是我国西部吐鲁番坳陷中重要的潜在生烃层系。以地表剖面暗色泥岩的分析资料为主,结合部分井下烃源岩样品分析数据,探讨了吐鲁番坳陷二叠系烃源岩沉积时水体的Eh值、pH值及沉积特征。利用烃源岩分布、有机碳含量及有机质显微组份的赋存状态等特征对烃源岩的有机质沉积特征进行了研究。通过对烃源岩有机质分布的影响因素分析,发现烃源岩有机质的赋存大体上有3种不同的状态:顺层富集型、局部富集型及分散型。泥质碳酸盐岩类和泥岩类烃源岩主要沉积在半深湖——深湖相带,沉积物中有机碳含量高;灰色、深灰色泥岩及黑灰色碳酸盐岩主要沉积在浅湖相带,有机碳含量偏低;绿灰色、灰色泥岩主要沉积在河流——三角洲平原相带,沉积物中有机碳含量低。烃源岩沉积时具还原程度强的沉积相带是原始有机质沉积的良好场所,沉积有机质能及时沉积并保存,烃源岩大多有机质丰度高,有机质类型好;反之,则明显变差。     

大兴断层的三维几何学与运动学及其对廊固凹陷成因机制的约束

大兴断层是位于渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷西北部的廊固凹陷的边界大断层,控制着整个凹陷的沉积和构造演化。根据大兴断层的走向特征,将研究区内的大兴断层分为东北段、中段、西南段3段,并对其结合处成因进行了探讨。文中首次将大兴断层断面以三维立体形态展示出来,并对大兴断面的三维几何形态进行了详细的剖析。认为大兴断面是个由多个倾斜面组成的曲面,每个相邻的倾斜面通过轴面而分隔。轴面通过其走向特征,分为横向轴面与垂向轴面,其中横向轴面为平行断层走向的轴面,而垂向轴面则是垂直断层走向的轴面。通过4个横向轴面与2个垂直轴面将大兴断面分为10个区,每个区都有各自的形态与特征。对大兴断层的活动机制进行了探讨,认为大兴断层初期是以多米诺式运动模式为主,后期在翘倾作用下发生旋转,从而形成上陡下缓的犁式断层。其上盘地层的运动模式则是初期与断层同时发生旋转,地层陡且直,在上陡下缓的断面形成后,以斜剪切模式运动,形成滚动背斜。     

板桥凹陷古流体势与油气运移聚集史研究

本文从板桥凹陷出发，以古流体势动态地描述了油气运移聚集史。建立和讨论了断层在古流体势数值模拟恢复中的处理方法，对有利油气勘探区进行了级别划分，并指出自生自储油气常分布于高势区域。阐明类似板桥凹陷的年青盆地具沉积压实离心流的特点，水流方向与各期流体势方向基本一致。最后作者预测出板桥凹陷一批有利的勘探区。     

黄骅坳陷港西开发区新近系明化镇组沉积微相三维建模

本文以黄骅坳陷港西开发区为例，探讨在油田开发阶段，如何通过密井网区沉积微相定量几何学数据对新近系明化镇组沉积环境相似的稀井网区进行沉积微相三维建模的方法。密井网区研究表明，港西开发区河流相的单河道砂体宽度约50-300 m，一般为100-200 m，厚度约5-15 m，一般为6-10 m；漫溢砂体长、宽一般小于200 m；砂体结构主要为迷宫状和拼合板状两种型式。应用密井网区沉积微相定量几何学数据，采用标点过程方法，对井网较稀的目标研究区进行了三维沉积微相建模研究，并取得了良好的应用效果。     

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷下二叠统风城组烃源岩热演化及沉积古环境评价

近期准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷南斜坡地区多口探井钻遇风城组厚层烃源岩,为重新认识玛湖凹陷风城组烃源岩带来了契机,搜集玛湖凹陷南部、北部5口重点探井资料,经分析取得了以下认识：(1)风城组烃源岩在玛湖凹陷内广泛发育,综合玛北、玛南地球化学参数表明其为一套Ⅱ型优质烃源岩;(2)综合现今地温、热解、生物标志物、族组分等参数,认为玛湖凹陷及其周缘地区4 350 m以深的风城组烃源岩处于成熟阶段,4 800 m以深处于高成熟演化阶段,玛湖凹陷风城组烃源岩大范围处于生油高峰期;(3)综合多个生物标志物参数,玛北地区风城组烃源岩为咸化还原沉积,玛南地区风城组二段烃源岩为咸化半还原沉积,风三段烃源岩为半咸化-半还原沉积,陆源有机质输入较多。研究区风城组沉积古环境总体表现出早中期咸化、晚期淡化,北部咸化还原程度高于南部的规律。研究结果对玛湖凹陷风城组后续致密油、页岩油勘探部署提供了理论依据。     

Hydrocarbon Generation Characteristics of Source Rocks from Different Saline Environments in the Dongpu Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China

The Dongpu Depression is a secondary salt-bearing tectonic unit in the Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China. The depositional environment of this depression regarding its Paleogene strata is clearly different in plane, including the saltwater environment(SE) in the north, the freshwater environment(FE) in the south and the brackish water environment(BE) in the middle. The result of oil and gas exploration in the Dongpu Depression shows that more than 90% of the proven oil reserves are distributed in the northern saltwater environment. Previous studies indicate that the organic geochemistry characteristics and the hydrocarbon generation capacity of the source rocks are very clearly diverse under different environments, which results in the significant differences in the proved reserves between the north and the south. In order to further explore the differences in the hydrocarbon generation capacity of the source rocks under distinct depositional environments and the mechanism of their occurrence, three samples from different depositional environments(W18-5 for SE, H7-18 for BE, CH9 for FE) were used for confined gold tube pyrolysis experiments. The results show that the CH4 yields of W18-5, H7-18 and CH9 increase with increasing temperature, the maximum yields being 405.62 mg/g TOC, 388.56 mg/g TOC and 367.89 mg/g TOC, respectively. The liquid hydrocarbon yields of W18-5, H7-18 and CH9 firstly increase with increasing temperature and then decrease after the critical temperatures. The maximum yields of C6-14 are 149.54 mg/g TOC, 140.18 mg/g TOC and 116.94 mg/g TOC, the maximum yields of C14+ being 852.4 mg/g TOC, 652.6 mg/g TOC and 596.41 mg/g TOC, respectively for W18-5, H7-18 and CH9. To summarize, the order of hydrocarbon potential from high to low is W18-5, H7-18 and CH9. On this basis, through analyzing the influencing factors of hydrocarbon differences, this paper reveals that the saltwater environment is characterized by 4 factors: higher salinity, halophilic algae, high paleo-productivity and a strongly reducing environment, which are beneficial to the enrichment of organic matter and lead to the formation of high levels of sapropelite and exinite. According to the variation of oil and gas components in the pyrolysis experiments, the hydrocarbon generation process is divided into three stages: kerogen cracking, oil cracking and C2-5 cracking. Combined with hydrocarbon generation characteristics and stages, the evolutionary model of hydrocarbon generation for source rocks under different environments is established.     

Effect of climate and seasonality on depressed mood among twitter users

Location-based social media provide an enormous stream of data about humans' life and behavior. With geospatial methods, those data can offer rich insights into public health. In this research, we study the effect of climate and seasonality on the prevalence of depression in Twitter users in the U.S. Text mining and geospatial methods are used to detect tweets related to depression and their spatiotemporal patterns at the scale of Metropolitan Statistical Area. We find the relationship between depression rates, climate risk factors and seasonality are varied and geographically localized. The same climate measure may have opposite association with depression rates at different places. Relative humidity, temperature, sea level pressure, precipitation, snowfall, weed speed, globe solar radiation, and length of day all contribute to the geographic variations of depression rates. A conceptual compact map is designed to visualize scattered geographic phenomena in a large area. We also propose a three-stage framework that semi-automatically detects and analyzes geographically distributed health issues using location-based social media data.     

黔东南凯里—麻江—丹寨地区奥陶系红花园组古岩溶储层特征

黔东南凯里—麻江—丹寨地区(构造上位于黔南坳陷东北部)下奥陶统红花园组为一套生物碎屑灰岩。该区已发现的麻江古油藏尚未取得油气勘探进展。对区内多处露头剖面中—下奥陶统进行了宏观勘查和采样以及岩样微观薄片分析,证实该套地层曾发生古岩溶作用,并可识别出埋藏岩溶和风化壳岩溶两类古岩溶作用。基于这些岩溶剖面的对比分析,发现古风化壳岩溶受早中奥陶世古隆起及剥蚀时间控制,主要发育于古隆起区麻江古油藏一带,而其它地区为埋藏岩溶。认为古风化壳岩溶形成大量溶蚀孔洞缝,为红花园组提供了优质储层条件。此外在中—下奥陶统大湾组碎屑岩覆盖下的红花园组碳酸盐岩也可以发生埋藏岩溶并形成较好的岩溶型储层。红花园组在黔南坳陷东北部的油藏大多有过暴露或破坏。认为在坳陷西南部寻找古隆起区附近的上述两类储层应是油气勘探方向。