塔里木盆地寒武系层状硅质岩与硅化岩的元素、δ30Si、δ18O地球化学研究

塔里木盆地寒武系发育层状硅质岩和硅化岩,层状硅质岩主要发育于塔东下寒武统深水沉积相区;硅化岩发育于塔东上寒武统斜坡沉积区与西部台地区寒武系白云岩中。根据显微结构特征,可将硅化岩分为放射状硅化岩与交代残余结构硅化岩两种。分析结果表明,层状硅质岩在Al—Fe-Mn三元图中位于正常海水沉积硅质岩区内,在微量元素平均地壳标准化图解上显示平缓右倾的特征;层状硅质岩Si同位素组成护。δ30Si为0．99‰～1．4‰,O同位素组成δ18O为21．4‰～24．4‰,与沉积型硅质岩相吻合,指示了正常海水沉积成因。硅化岩区别于层状硅质岩的典型特征是具有高U异常的特征;罗西斜坡放射状硅化岩具有较高的微量元素和稀土元素含量（∑REE为18．8～96．9μg／g）与较低的Si、O同位素值（δ18O和δ30Si值分别为15．8‰和1．7‰）;西部台地区交代残余结构硅化岩具有较低微量元素和稀土元素含量（∑REE为0．58～2．61μg／g）与较高的δ30Si（1．0‰～3．8‰）、δ18O（21．6‰～27．0‰）值特征。盆地东西部硅化岩的地球化学差异可能与硅化流体的温度差异有关,罗西斜坡放射状硅化岩硅化温度相对更高;另一方面,硅化过程对h430SiO4选择性较高,因而形成的交代石英具有较高的铲勘值。根据古城4井硅化岩包裹体均一温度与交代石英的O同位素值计算得到交代流体的δ18O值为9．1‰,该值与酸性岩浆水的δ18O值相似,指示了硅化流体可能来自于岩浆或变质水;以δ18O值（9．1‰）作为西部台地区硅化流体的O同位素值,计算得到西部台地区硅化岩硅化流体温度为101．3～158．5℃。根据石英O同位素温度计计算的硅化流体温度呈东高西低的趋势,指示了硅化流体可能来自台地东部。     

松辽盆地北部中浅层含油饱和度和孔隙度的关系与油气侵位对成岩作用的抑制

为了研究油气侵位对松辽盆地中浅层成岩作用和孔隙度衰减的抑制作用,本文系统的统计和分析了该盆地大量的孔隙度和含油饱和度岩芯分析数据。结果表明,所有探井储层的孔隙度与含油饱和度之间均呈正相关关系,储层含油饱和度越高,孔隙度越大,而且中部含油组合中萨尔图油层、葡萄花油层和高台子油层二者的相关性好于下部含油组合中扶余油层和杨大城子油层的相关性。由此可见,油气注入储层之后,可以有效地抑制储层的成岩作用,保护孔隙,而且油气注入越早,越有利于孔隙的保护。     

油铀兼探的找矿思路在松辽盆地的应用——以中央拗陷区南部为例

以"油铀兼探"的找矿思路,带动松辽盆地中南部开展砂岩型铀矿调查选区及钻探验证工作.将异常强度250 API和450 API确定为划分潜在铀矿孔、潜在铀矿化孔和正常孔的关键技术指标,对中央拗陷区南部1572个钻孔进行异常筛查工作.排查发现潜在铀矿孔362个,潜在铀矿化孔223个.对191号钻孔和36号钻孔进行钻探验证,发现1个工业孔、1个异常孔.认为区内寻找砂岩型铀矿的有利地段为油田区反转构造形成的隆起区边部四方台组河流相砂体,并总结了中央拗陷区南部6种主要控矿因素.     

Larger Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy and Facies Analysis of the Oligocene–Miocene Asmari Formation in the Western Fars Sub-basin, Zagros Mountains, Iran

The Oligocene–Miocene carbonate record of the Zagros Mountains, known as the Asmari Formation, constitutes an important hydrocarbon reservoir in southern Iran. This marine carbonate succession, which developed under tropical conditions, is explored in terms of larger foraminiferal biostratigraphy, facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy in a new section at Papoon cropping out in the western Fars sub-basin, in the south-east of the Zagros belt. Facies analysis shows evidence of re-working and transport of skeletal components throughout the depositional system, interpreted here as a carbonate ramp. The foraminifera-based biozones identified include the Globigerina–Turborotalia cerroazulensis–Hantkenina Zone and Nummulites vascus–Nummulites fichteli Zone, both of Rupelian age, the Archaias asmaricus–Archaias hensoni–Miogypsinoides complanatus Zone of Chattian age and the ‘Indeterminate’ Zone of Aquitanian age. The vertical sedimentary evolution of the formation exhibits a progressive shallowing of the facies belts and thus the succession is interpreted as a high-rank low-order regressive systems tract. This long-lasting Rupelian–Aquitanian regressive event is in accordance with accepted global long-term eustatic curves. Accordingly, long-term eustatic trends would have been a factor controlling accommodation during the deposition of the Asmari Formation studied in the western Fars sub-basin.     

四川盆地基底断裂对长兴组生物礁的控制作用研究

四川盆地长兴组生物礁油气藏是国内外该类型油气藏的一个典型代表。在前人主要针对川东北地区提出台地边缘是生物礁发育有利部位的基础上,从盆地更广的尺度,结合国内外已有实例,着重从基底断裂角度,分析了其对生物礁发育的影响与控制作用。结果表明,盆地内长兴组发育有大量NE和NW向深大断裂,地层、岩相和构造证据均反映这些断裂在晚二叠世处于正断活动期,并形成了台—槽相间和台内棋盘格状堑垒构造格局。基底正断活动通过对古地理的影响来实现对生物礁的控制,生物礁受张性正断层上升盘"断隆"控制,分布于基底断裂古上升盘断阶处,如环海槽的台地边缘和台地内部断垒周缘。因此,除已获得重大突破的"环海槽礁滩气藏富气带"外,在台地内部靠基底断裂带附近,礁滩也可能发育,可作为今后油气勘探重点考虑的对象。这一研究新认识有助于拓展区域油气勘探思路,并为生物礁型油气成藏理论研究提供新的参考信息。     

Sinian-Cambrian Tectonic Framework in the Tarim Basin and its Influences on the Paleogeography of the Early CambrianEI北大核心CSCD

Due to strong remodification and sparse trace remnants, tectonic restoration is critical for the reconstructing of the paleography and basin-prototype in the multiple-cycles superimposed basin, which is also fundamental for the hydrocarbon exploration of the deep marine carbonate in the Tarim Basin. This study presents the tectonic framework of the transition phase from the Sinian to the Cambrian Period and its constrains on the paleography of the Cambrian in the Tarim Basin based on comprehensive analysis of new geochronology data, seismic data and regional tectonic data. The results showed that (1) there is a large regional unconformity between the Cambrian and Precambrian, suggesting a discontinuous deposition from the Sinian to the Cambrian that is contrary to the major view; (2) a broad flattened paleotopography formed before Cambrian Period, which is favorable for the wide epicontinental sea environment and a gentle homoclinal ramp platform development in the early Cambrian, and the residual basement low relief uplifts that influence the microfacies differentiation in the carbonate platform; (3) the Cambrian carbonate platform has been involved much into the marginal orogenic belts, and the proto-platform is probably of 200 km out of the present basin in S-N direction; (4) there is a weak extensional setting in the Cambrian-Early Ordovician rather than a strong rifting setting with a large aulacogen into the platform, in which a inter-platform shallow depression and stable ramp platform developed in the Cambrian; (5) there is not troughs, but rather low relief uplifts developed in the Early Cambrian in the southwestern Tarim Basin, and lack of large uplifts along the carbonate platform margins; (6) it is showed a broad architecture of platform-wide slope-ocean basin from the inner Tarim plate to its margin in the Cambrian Period. Considering the basin prototype, the restoration of the tectono-paleography in the early Cambrian in the Tarim Basin is distinct from those of the previously proposed. We propose that a gentle pattern with “two platforms and one inter-depression” in E-W striking other than multiple small platform constrained in the basin, and further subdivision of the western platform with inner platform low uplift and sag in N-S striking, which is possibly inherited from the basement architecture. On the outer of the united platform, there is probably broad gentle slope for transition to ocean basin. We therefore argue that tectonic restoration is crucial for reconstruction of the paleogeography and basin prototype, especially for basins experienced multiphase of tectonic cycles. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.     

西宁盆地咸水湖相沉积型富硒土壤的形成机理及意义

通过对西宁盆地土壤和岩石Se的调查分析发现,古近系西宁组和白垩系民和组岩石及发育的土壤中Se值最高,是西宁盆地土壤主要的富硒母质。进一步结合西宁盆地退缩过程中的古地理资料,西宁盆地由干旱炎热的咸水湖相到湿润冷凉的咸水—淡水湖相对应沉积了古近系西宁组和新近系贵德群,Se在咸水湖边界和干旱炎热的咸水湖相环境的共同作用下,并经地貌、水系等改造,形成了西宁盆地咸水湖相沉积型富硒土壤的现有格局。该类型富硒土壤有重金属低、Se含量适中、有效Se高等优势,具有较好的开发利用价值。     

准噶尔盆地断拗转换期剥蚀厚度及其分布规律

准噶尔盆地为我国重要的陆上含油气盆地, 对其进行地层剥蚀厚度恢复能够有效地研究盆地演化历史以及油气资源评价.通过分析声波时差法的方法原理及其适用条件, 认为此方法适用于恢复准噶尔盆地断拗转换期剥蚀地层的厚度.实际计算结果表明: 断拗转换期上、中二叠统之间为主不整合, 剥蚀厚度大; 三叠系与二叠系之间形成次级不整合, 盆地剥蚀厚度相对较大, 区域位于西部盆缘地带, 自北西向南东剥蚀量逐步降低, 至盆地中心剥蚀量最低.各构造单元中, 凸起相比于凹陷所遭受的剥蚀程度较大, 反映古地貌呈现盆地西北缘高、腹部低的地形特征, 同时反映准噶尔盆地断拗转换期二叠纪晚期至三叠纪早期改造具西强东弱、边缘强内部弱的特点.     

青海共和盆地达连海晚第四纪高湖面与末次冰消期以来的环境变化

干旱区晚第四纪已有较多高湖面与湖泊演化的报道和研究,对于认识区域环境变化有重要意义,但高湖面出现的时间尚存争议,高分辨率的气候环境记录仍相对缺乏。本文通过青海共和盆地达连海湖岸地貌考察和AMS 14C 年代学研究,讨论达连海古湖晚第四纪高湖面出现的可能时间; 并通过达连海DLH99孔岩芯年代和高分辨率代用指标,讨论高原东北缘末次冰消期以来的气候环境变化。达连海周围存在6级高湖面岸线或台地,14C 测年结果显示,最低的两级湖岸堤形成于全新世,其余湖岸台地年代均老于44cal.kaB.P.,当时在达连海地区形成一个较大的古湖泊。DLH99孔显示达连海近15cal.kaB.P.沉积了40.92m的湖相沉积物,平均沉积速率高达2.7mm/a。孢粉资料揭示出,现代干旱的共和盆地在末次冰消期以来存在两个山地针叶林发育阶段,分别位于末次冰消期和全新世早中期。全新世早中期是适合山地针叶林植被发育的气候最宜期,而晚全新世山地森林植被整体衰退。粒度分析结果显示,达连海全新世低水位时期对应于岩芯中部山地森林植被发育的晚期,出现较强烈干旱事件(岩芯深13～15m段),这种湖泊水位与植被所指示的气候变化不一致现象(即低水位时期盆地内耐旱植物和山地乔木花粉同时增加),可能揭示出干旱区山地与盆地环境对区域气候不同响应。达连海存在的系列高湖面和冰消期以来的完整气候记录,为理解晚第四纪季风边缘区气候变化过程及其机制提供了条件。