多种地震仪器标定数据综合处理系统

本文概略介绍了“多种地震仪器标定数据综合处理系统”的研制目的、主要技术内空及编程中遇到的问题和解决方法,认为用该系统对测震仪、水氡仪、核旋仪的标定、比测数据处理既可以提高标定结果的精度,又可将此项工作规范化、微机化、所以这套系统的实施对整个地震观测及地震分析预报质量的提高有着重要作用。     

湘西南桂北下寒武统富铀黑色岩系中变质沉凝灰岩的岩石学特征

作者在桂北资源县吴家和全州市木皮口的下寒武统清溪组剖面修测过程中,对所采集的岩石样品进行偏光显微镜观察研究,发现清溪组～Ｃ１－１ｑ、～Ｃ１－３ｑ和～Ｃ１－５ｑ中原定名为“粉砂岩”和“变余长石石英砂岩”的岩石中含有大量火山凝灰碎屑（晶屑）,继而在桂北龙胜、融水和湘西南城步、武岗、新宁等地同时代的富铀黑色岩系中发现存在着２－３层厚度不等的沉凝灰岩。根据岩石的化学成分、结构特征和利用化学成分分析数据所作的各种变异图,确认这些岩石是火山作用形成的沉凝灰岩,通过成岩后的浅变质作用成为变质沉凝灰岩     

贵州遵义下寒武统黑色岩系型Ni,Mo矿床Rb-Sr同位素测年与示踪研究

湘、黔地区张家界、遵义一带分布有黑色岩系型Ni-Mo-PGE矿床,对Re-Os同位素研究发现张家界和遵义两地矿床虽相距400km,但它们是同一期矿化作用的产物,其等时线年龄(542Ma±11Ma)为金属矿物生成年龄,也为矿化年龄,接近前寒武纪和寒武纪的分界时限,而铷-锶测年一般被认为是反映后期构造热事件年龄,研究发现Rb-Sr等时线年龄大约为277Ma±37Ma,相当于石炭与二叠界线年龄(290Ma),属于海西晚期。Rb-Sr同位素体系与Re-Os同位素体系有显然不同的物质来源。Re,Os同位素显示它们是同一期矿化作用的产物,而187Os/186Os=16.355～96.664(平均62.081),不仅高于陨石和地幔的相应值,也高于海洋沉积物的比值,其下限值与地壳的均值较为接近,体现了陆相壳源特征,显然黑色岩系的物质来源多样,不限于海水。87Sr/86Sr为0.7120±0.0020,明显高于玄武岩的值(0.704),而比陆源硅酸盐的值(0.720)偏低,表明为陆源物质和深源物质的混合物,而且深源物质对87Sr/86Sr的影响大于来自于岛弧间浅海陆棚地区的陆源物质。因为后生期构造热变质事件与有机质的热解过程或热演化史相关,所以该过程应影响了成矿早期富集的PGE元素在后生期,伴随着热变质事件而出现在富烃有机质流体中的活化、迁移以及再次富集。     

Modelling surface‐water depression storage in a Prairie Pothole Region

In this study, the Precipitation‐Runoff Modelling System (PRMS) was used to simulate changes in surface‐water depression storage in the 1,126‐km² Upper Pipestem Creek basin located within the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota, USA. The Prairie Pothole Region is characterized by millions of small water bodies (or surface‐water depressions) that provide numerous ecosystem services and are considered an important contribution to the hydrologic cycle. The Upper Pipestem PRMS model was extracted from the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Hydrologic Model (NHM), developed to support consistent hydrologic modelling across the conterminous United States. The Geospatial Fabric database, created for the USGS NHM, contains hydrologic model parameter values derived from datasets that characterize the physical features of the entire conterminous United States for 109,951 hydrologic response units. Each hydrologic response unit in the Geospatial Fabric was parameterized using aggregated surface‐water depression area derived from the National Hydrography Dataset Plus, an integrated suite of application‐ready geospatial datasets. This paper presents a calibration strategy for the Upper Pipestem PRMS model that uses normalized lake elevation measurements to calibrate the parameters influencing simulated fractional surface‐water depression storage. Results indicate that inclusion of measurements that give an indication of the change in surface‐water depression storage in the calibration procedure resulted in accurate changes in surface‐water depression storage in the water balance. Regionalized parameterization of the USGS NHM will require a proxy for change in surface‐storage to accurately parameterize surface‐water depression storage within the USGS NHM.     

城镇地震防灾与应急处置一体化综合查询系统研究

本文在研究政府、社会公众以及地方地震工作部门日常地震防灾与震后应急处置过程中对地震相关业务信息需求的基础上,通过系统架构、业务功能、业务流程等设计,完成了城镇地震防灾与应急处置一体化综合查询系统的设计研究。     

Evolution of the Taebaeksan Basin,Korea: I,early Paleozoic sedimentation in an epeiric sea and break‐up of the Sino‐Korean Craton from Gondwana

The Taebaeksan Basin is located in the mid‐eastern part of the southern Korean Peninsula and tectonically belonged to the Sino‐Korean Craton (SKC). It comprises largely the lower Paleozoic Joseon Supergroup and the upper Paleozoic Pyeongan Supergroup which are separated by a disconformity representing a 140 myr?long hiatus. This paper explores the early Paleozoic paleogeographical and tectonic evolution of the Taebaeksan Basin on the basis of updated stratigraphy, trilobite faunal assemblages, and detrital zircon U–Pb ages of the Joseon Supergroup. The Joseon Supergroup is a shallow marine siliciclastic‐carbonate succession ranging in age from the Cambrian Series 2 to Middle Ordovician. The Ongnyeobong Formation is the sole Upper Ordovician volcanic succession documented in the Taebaeksan Basin. It is suggested that in the early Paleozoic the Taebaeksan Basin was a part of an epeiric sea, the Joseon Sea, in east Gondwana. The Joseon Sea was the depositional site for lower Paleozoic successions of the SKC. Early Paleozoic sedimentation in the Joseon Sea commenced during the Cambrian Stage 3 (～ 520 Ma) and ceased by the end of the Darriwilian (～ 460 Ma). In the early Paleozoic, the SKC was located at the margin of east Gondwana and was separated from the South China Craton by an oceanic basin with incipient oceanic ridges, the Helan Trough. The spreading oceanic ridges and associated transform faults possibly promoted the uplift of the Joseon Sea, which resulted in cessation of sedimentation and break‐up of the SKC from core Gondwana by the end of the Ordovician.     

Dinomischus from the Middle Cambrian Kaili Biota, Guizhou, China

Dinomischus is a rare solitary epifaunal suspension feeder. The over-all morphology of Dinomischus consists of a conical calyx surrounded with elongate bracts and an elongate stem. Visceral mass and stomach sac are evident in the body cavity. Dinomischus is interpreted as a primative ancestor of living entoprocts based on similarities in morphology and mode of life. Previously, Dinomischus is only known in two localities： the mid-Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale Biota and the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota. A single specimen of Dinomischus cf. D. isolatus Cowry Morris, 1977 from the Kaili Biota, Guizhou, China is reported here. The discovery of Dinomischus in the Kaili Biota extends its geographical range and indicated that the rare Dinomischus could tolerate deeper water settings during the Middle Cambrian.     

现代岩溶学在中国的发展

本文回顾了二十多年来以岩溶动力学为基本理论的现代岩溶学在中国的发展过程。概述了其主要的科学成果和应用前景。指出了地球系统科学的引入、全球视野的研究和各级主管部门的持续支持在现代岩溶学发展中的重要意义。     

澄江化石库中的双胚层动物新知

作为观察寒武纪大爆发主幕奥秘的最佳科学窗口,澄江化石库展示了三胚层动物(即两侧对称动物)首次全面大辐射的历史产物,让学术界终于看到了已知最古老的同时包括原口类和后口类两大支系的动物谱系庞大“树冠”的主体轮廓,从而给许多较高级动物类群的起源和早期演化研究提供了十分重要的信息。然而,该化石宝库中却很少见到作为“树干”的双胚层动物(即辐射动物)的化石记录,这给“真动物”的源头探秘蒙上了阴影。尽管广布于前寒武纪末期全球浅海域的“文德生物群”一直被认为是动物界早期一次“失败的演化试验”的牺牲品,但其中一支成功延续到早寒武世的春光虫(Stromatoveris)具有叠覆状梳齿构造,很可能代表着栉水母类的一类原始祖先。文中描述新的羽毛状动物王氏澄江海笔(Chengjiangopennawangii)不同于春光虫,前者具有彼此分离的羽枝,且羽枝上保存了排列规整的珊瑚个体虫室,因而与现代八射珊瑚中海笔类的形态学特征十分一致;新的谱系分析显示,它应该代表刺胞动物门中的一个原始类群。