The Role of Local Knowledge in the Risk Management of Extreme Climates in Local Communities: A Case Study in a Nomadic NIAHS Site

In the context of climate change, research on extreme climates and disaster risk management has become a crucial component of climate change adaptation. Local communities, which have been facing extreme climates for a long time in their production and daily life, have developed some locally applicable traditional knowledge that has played an important role in their adaptation to extreme climate and disaster risk management. Therefore, this research aims to link Local knowledge (LK) to community extreme climate disaster risk management in order to construct a conceptual model. It then takes the extreme climate adaptation strategy of traditional nomads in a temperate grassland of China as an example to analyze the role of LK in extreme climate adaptation using the proposed theoretical framework. The main research objectives of this study are: (1) To construct a conceptual model to illustrate the relations among extreme climate events, risk management, LK, and farmers' adaptation strategies; (2) To apply the theoretical framework to a field case to reveal context-specific extreme climate adaptation mechanisms with LK as a critical component; (3) To test the framework and provide suggestions for the extreme climates adaptation, and the conservation of LK related to climate change adaptation. The results show that from the perspective of disaster risk management, local communities could manage extreme climates as a disaster risk through adaptation strategies formed from LK, because as a knowledge system, LK contains relevant knowledge covering the whole process of disaster risk management.     

The Evaluation of Food and Livelihood Security in a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Site

Based on the basic selection criteria of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) and food and livelihood security research trends, this paper established an evaluation framework and indicator system for food and livelihood security in GIAHS and selected the first GIAHS site in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a case for empirical evaluation. The results demonstrate that the food and livelihood security of farmers at this site was at a medium level, with an average evaluation value of 2.91, which still lagged behind the level of better food and livelihood security. Specifically, the average values of farmers’ evaluation of food security and livelihood security were 1.43 and 1.48, respectively, which show that farmers’ food security in the study area was at a medium level and that of livelihood security was relatively good. Simultaneously, the more simple a farmers’ economic activities (i.e., agriculture-oriented economic activities or non-agriculture-oriented economic activities), the worse their food and livelihood security; while the more diversified the economic activities (i.e., engaged in part-time economic activities), the better the food and livelihood security.     

国家体育场斜柱测量放样原理与方法

本文用两种不同的数学方法解决国家体育场斜扭柱在任意高程上柱角点三维坐标计算问题,对斜柱现场放样的方法进行阐述。提出建筑施工测量中空间直角坐标系旋转矩阵法转换思路,并论述全站仪坐标放样限差的制定方法。     

川北青川地区下寒武统沥青质砾石的发现及其意义

沥青质砾石被发现于四川省青川县白家镇一带的下寒武统碎屑岩中。黑色的沥青质砾石多呈次圆状或次棱角状,表面光滑但无光泽,与胶结物之间有明显的界线,直径最大可达5cm。推测这些砾石可能来自于被剥蚀的震旦系灯影组。沥青、碳酸盐岩和页岩以砾石的方式沉积于下寒武统．表明在早寒武世筇竹寺期之前川北青川地区已存在有古油藏,前寒武系中可能还有生烃的烃源岩。     

矢量GIS平面一般曲线误差模型定位精度

基于等概率密度误差模型建模原理和数值算法,研究矢量GIS平面一般曲线误差模型定位精度,给出定位精度捕述指标,并通过实例计算与分析,得出使川误差模型平均带宽比使用误差模型面积更能反应一般曲线的真实精度的结论,便于指导生产与应用。     

天津地铁北站车站施工的工程测量探讨

采用方向观测法和电子测距相结合的导线点观测方法代替传统的附（闭）合导线观测法进行地铁测量中的精密导线点观测;采用施工坐标系代替大地坐标系进行碎部施工放样工作。既保证了工程测量精度,也减少了数据的读取、录入和计算失误,从而提高了工程测量工作效率。     

地心非旋转坐标系中卫星共视法时间比对计算模型

卫星导航定位系统测距的基础是测时,定轨和定位的前提是各观测量的时间同步,因此,时间同步技术是卫星导航定位系统建设的关键技术基础之一。卫星导航定位系统中时间同步技术包括卫星与地面（星-地）和地面站间（地-地）的时间同步。在本文中,根据卫星共视法时间比对的基本原理,分别从数学角度和几何角度详细推导了地心非旋转坐标系中卫星共视法时间比对的基本计算模型,从而为实现站间高精度的时间同步提供了一些参考。     

马关八梅喷流沉积铅锌锡铜金多金属矿床

矿床产于中寒武田蓬组地层中,受地层、沉积岩相、变质岩相控制。围岩蚀变为黄铁矿化、锰矿化、碳酸盐化、硅化。矿床成因为海底含矿热卤水喷流沉积型。     

镇江市基础地理信息系统的设计与实现

基础地理信息系统在城市管理中的作用十分重要,本文主要介绍了镇江市基础地理信息系统的框架设计、功能体系,以及实现的关键技术,为建设城市基础地理信息系统提供借鉴参考.     

面要素栅矢转换不确定性分析

在G IS应用过程中,往往需要进行栅格数据到矢量数据的转换。对于面状目标,在以往的研究中,忽略了栅格数据到矢量数据转换过程中存在的误差和不确定性。而在一些应用领域,这些误差和不确定性是不能忽略的。主要分析了栅格数据到矢量数据转换过程中的误差和不确定性来源以及传播。这些来源主要包括栅格数据本身的误差和不确定性,栅格数据处理过程中的误差和不确定性以及栅格到矢量数据转换模型本身的误差和不确定性。通过试验,以面目标的面积为指标分析了面状目标由栅格到矢量数据转换过程中的误差和不确定性。