塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系烃源岩的分子地球化学特征

对塔里木盆地下古生界样品的地球化学分析表明,上奥陶统良里塔格组、中上奥陶统却尔却克群烃源岩与其他烃源岩具有明显的差异,具有低的C28甾烷、24-降胆甾烷、甲藻甾烷、甲藻三芳甾烷与伽马蜡烷含量以及高的C24四环萜烷、重排甾烷含量等特点。柯坪地区中上奥陶统萨尔干组、印干组页岩伽马蜡烷、C28甾烷相对含量与寒武系、中下奥陶统黑土凹组烃源岩具有相似性。萨尔干组、印干组烃源岩中生物标志物的绝对含量很低。柯坪地区寒武系玉尔吐斯组、中上奥陶统萨尔干组、上奥陶统印干组、满东地区中下奥陶统黑土凹组等较强沉积环境的泥质烃源岩伽马蜡烷、C28甾烷、特殊甾烷的相对含量与海相原油主体有较大差异。上奥陶统印干组烃源岩较高含量的三芳甲藻甾烷、24-降重排胆甾烷和24-降胆甾烷化合物的检出表明,断代生物标志物的提法值得商榷。     

贵州台江凯里组的遗迹化石Treptichnus

贵州台江下中寒武统凯里组中产有丰富的、保存良好的Treptichnus Miller,计5个遗迹种（其中包括2个新遗迹种）：T．bifurcus Miller,T．pedum（Seilacher）,T．pollardi Buatois and Mdngano,T．arcus n．ichnosp．和T．taijiangensis n．ichnosp．,并与节肢动物的觅食迹、爬行迹和游泳迹等共生,属Cruziana遗迹相。产于凯里组的Treptichnus可能为节肢动物的居住迹。随着造迹生物身体的增长和沉积物的增厚,造迹生物在原潜穴的基础上不断地开拓新的潜穴,而构成三维空间复杂的潜穴系统。     

相对差分GPS精度分析

近年来,全球定位系统(GPS)以其精度高、速度快、经济方便等优点,在布设各种形式的控制网、变形监测及精密工程测量等诸多方面都得到迅速广泛的应用。但由于美国的SA和AS政策,使其精度下降,因此各国都在研究如何提高其精度,本文就此问题给出一些观点。     

寒武系崮山阶三叶虫生物地层新认识

由于Diceratocephalus已在华北的若干地点找到,如莱芜九龙山、淄博黑石寨和泰安大汶口,Dicerato-cephalus三叶虫亚带可以提升为三叶虫带,这样崮山阶便包含了4个三叶虫带(自上而下)Diceratoceph alusarma-tus带、Drepanura premesnili带、Blackwelderia paronai带和Damesella paronai带。     

基于AHP方法与GIS技术的海底管道路由选择研究

海底管道路由选择与海底管道建设、运营以及后期管理等工作存在密切联系,对管道工程经济性、安全性和合理性有着重要意义.考虑影响海底管道路由选择的自然与社会环境因素,构建了量化的评价体系,以AHP层次分析方法作为数学依据确定评价权重,建立了标准化的路由选择评判模型.进一步,将该模型与GIS空间分析技术相结合,生成以地图可视化...     

基于GIS的石家庄市雾霾分析

为了得出雾霾气象成因机制、影响因素和时空分布特征,以石家庄市区与郊县为研究区域,将2013年9月至2016年12月石家庄市各市区、郊县的PM2.5历史监测数据中的有效数据进行了数据分析处理得到雾霾浓度数据,还有温度、降水、风速、地形和人口密度等数据,运用GIS分析的方法,模拟绘制石家庄雾霾的时空分布图、雾霾与各影响因子的专题对比图,得到雾霾形成机制的因子、雾霾的时空分布规律、雾霾季节变化特征、雾霾与地形间的关系等;运用数据分析软件OriginPro8.SR3分析雾霾浓度与风速数据、降雨数据、温度数据间的相关性。     

Formation of saddle dolomites in Upper Cambrian carbonates, western Tarim Basin (northwest China): Implications for fault-related fluid flow

The saddle dolomites occur more intensely in cores closely to fault than that in cores far away from the fault in Upper Cambrian carbonate of western Tarim basin, suggesting that formation of the saddle dolomites is likely related to fault-controlled fluid flow. They partially fill in fractures and vugs of replacement dolomite. The saddle dolomites exhibit complex internal textures, commonly consisting of core and cortex. In comparison with the matrix dolomites, the saddle dolomites show lower Sr-content and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, higher Fe- and Mn-content, and more negative δ¹⁸O values. Combined with high Th (100–130 °C) of primary fluid inclusions, it is suggested that the saddle dolomites precipitated from hydrothermal fluid derived from the deep evaporite-bearing Middle Cambrian strata, and the magnesium source may be due to dissolution of host dolomite during hydrothermal fluid migration. Fault activity resulted in petrographic and geochemical difference of the core and cortex of the saddle dolomites. The cores precipitated from the formation water mixed by deep brines at the early stage of fault activity, and the cortexes precipitated from the deep fluid with higher temperatures through the Middle Cambrian later. In summary, the formation of the saddle dolomites implies a hydrothermal fluid event related to fault activity, which also resulted in high porosity in Upper Cambrian carbonate in western Tarim Basin.     

DGPS测深技术在海底管道工程中的应用

简要介绍了差分全球定位系统(DGPS)的基本定位原理、DGPS测深技术中水深测量系统的硬件组成。重点分析了福建LNG站线湄洲湾海底管道工程成功采用DGPS测深技术进行勘测作业,使测量精度和工程效率得到极大地提高。这一工程实践经验说明,DGPS测深技术逐步为海底管道工程所采用,但其是一个不断探索、不断完善的过程,对今后我国沿海地区的海底管道工程的勘测建设具有一定的借鉴作用。     

热带太平洋深海微生物的若干生理生态特征

从2001年春、秋季于热带太平洋区采集到的深海样品中共分离到110株微生物,从中挑取31株进行形态特征和对环境理化因子适应特征的研究,同时利用Biolog微生物自动鉴定系统进行菌种鉴定和碳源代谢分析.结果表明:31株微生物中2株为酵母,21株为革兰氏阳性细菌,8株为革兰氏阴性细菌,来自底质的细菌菌株阳性菌占优势,而海水、蓝藻中阴性菌居多;温度、盐度、pH适应性试验表明,严格意义上的狭适性微生物不到总数的1/3,而具有较宽生态幅的广适性微生物占有相当大的比例.另一方面,耐冷菌、中度嗜盐菌和抗碱菌在这些微生物中的比例很高,同时,来自蓝藻的菌株大多数在4℃下不生长,而来自上覆水和底质的菌株可在4℃生长,这些都体现了微生物对生存环境的响应.31株微生物经Biolog鉴定12株得出鉴定结果.15株革兰氏阳性细菌对95种碳源的利用能力分析表明,不同菌株可利用碳源的数目从3种到46种不等,差异很大,体现了深海微生物营养类型的极大多样性;同时,发现有8种碳源可被一半以上的受试菌株所利用,这些碳源均是微生物各类代谢途径中的重要中间代谢物.     

Climatic regimes and the recruitment rate of anchoveta, Engraulis ringens, off Peru

The recruitment rate of Peruvian anchoveta, Engraulis ringens, was studied to test the hypothesis that long-term environmental variation (regime shifts) had a significant impact on density-dependent processes governing the anchovy recruitment during the period 1963–2004. On the basis of previous defined regimes and turning points for the Humboldt Current System, we identified two groups of years for increased recruitment of anchoveta (1963–1971 and 1986–2004), and one unfavorable period (1972–1985). A common intercept and significantly different slopes were found when the recruitment rate was plotted as a function of the spawning stock biomass during those groups of years, suggesting that density-dependent effects on recruitment were affected during different climate regimes. The favorable (unfavorable) regime was characterized by higher (lower) zooplankton volumes, and with a higher frequency of colder (warmer) waters. Dome-shaped relationships between recruitment rate, spawning stock biomass and SST, were detected with a Generalized Additive Model for the favorable regime. Thus, recruitment could be explained by non-linear effects of environmental variables. Ultimately, climatic regimes are affecting the density-dependent effects on recruitment of anchoveta and the mechanisms involved may be associated with changes in the carrying capacity of the spawning habitat of anchoveta off Peru, which in turn are related with the effects of cold and warm regimes.