西昆仑加里东期造山作用初探

在西昆仑前山一带存在一个发育完全的加里东期碰撞造山带，该造山带代表了古秦－－祁－－昆大洋的消亡和两侧大陆的剧烈碰撞，古昆仑洋可能开始裂解于震旦纪，寒武纪达最大程度，奥陶纪开始向南俯冲消减，志留纪两侧陆块发生碰撞。其曼于特－－库地蛇绿岩为其洋壳残片，北侧的塔里木板块南缘具被动边缘性质，南侧的西昆仑地块为活动边缘性质，同时有大量俯冲型，碰撞型和造山期后伸展型花岗岩侵入，晚泥盆世紫红色磨拉石建造代表了这一过程的结束。     

Thermal effects of Caledonian foreland basin formation,based on fission track analyses applied on basement rocks in central Sweden

Increasing evidence from fission track studies in Sweden indicate that large parts of the Fennoscandian Shield have been affected by a large-scale thermotectonic event in the Palaeozoic. In this study the results of 17 apatite fission track analyses from central Sweden are presented collected along three NW–SE transects trending from the Bothnian Sea to the Caledonides. On the Bothnian coast samples have been collected directly from the Sub-Cambrian Peneplain. The sedimentary cover protecting this surface until recently is responsible for the thermal increase detected through apatite fission track (FT) thermochronology.The apatite FT ages range between 516 ± 46 Ma (±1σ) on the Bothnian coast around sea level to 191 ± 11 Ma in the Caledonides (～500–1500 m.a.s.l.). The mean track lengths vary from 11.3 ± 2.2 μm (±1σ) in the east to 14.2 ± 2.8 μm in the west, indicating a longer stay in the PAZ in the east, versus a continuous cooling pattern in the west. This pattern in combination with other geological constraints indicates that the crystalline basement rocks near the Caledonian deformation front in the west experienced higher temperatures after the formation of the Sub-Cambrian Peneplain followed by denudation, compared with the basement rocks in the east near the Bothnian coast.The apatite FT data near the Caledonian deformation front indicates prevailing temperatures of more than 110 ± 10 °C prior to the Mid Palaeozoic, causing a resetting of the apatite fission track clock. The temperatures were progressively lower away from the deformation front. Apatite fission track analysis of samples collected from the Sub-Cambrian Peneplain along the Bothnian coast indicate maximum temperatures of 90 ± 15 °C during Late Silurian–Early Devonian time. This heating event is argued to be the result of burial beneath a developing foreland basin in front of the Caledonian orogeny. Assuming a geothermal gradient of 20 °C/km, this temperature increase can be converted to a total burial of the samples. The resulting geometry of this basin can be described as an asymmetrical basin at least 3.5 km deep in the vicinity of the Caledonian deformation front decreasing to about 2.5 km on the Bothnian coast, continuing further onto Finland. The width of this basin was in thus in the order of 600 km. Whether this was formed completely synorogenic or partly synorogenic, broadening after cessation of the orogeny, could not be revealed.The Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic thermal evolution of this area is related to the extensional tectonics in the North Atlantic Domain.     

Caledonide development offshore–onshore Svalbard based on ocean bottom seismometer, conventional seismic, and potential field data

The western Barents Sea and the Svalbard archipelago share a common history of Caledonian basement formation and subsequent sedimentary deposition. Rock formations from the period are accessible to field study on Svalbard, but studies of the near offshore areas rely on seismic data and shallowdrilling. Offshore mapping is reliable down to the Permian sequence, but multichannel reflection seismic data do not give a coherent picture of older stratigraphy. A survey of 10 Ocean Bottom Seismometer profiles was collected around Svalbard in 1998. Results show a highly variable thickness of pre-Permian sedimentary strata, and a heterogeneous crystalline crust tied to candidates for continental sutures or major thrust zones. The data shown in this paper establish that the observed gravity in some parts of the platform can be directly related to velocity variations in the crystalline crust, but not necessarily to basement or Moho depth. The results from three new models are incorporated with a previously published profile, to produce depth-to-basement and -Moho maps south of Svalbard. There is a 14 km deep basement located approximately below the gently structured Upper Paleozoic Sørkapp Basin, bordered by a 7 km deep basement high to the west, and 7–9 km depths to the north. Continental Moho-depth range from 28 to 35 km, the thickest crust is found near the island of Hopen, and in a NNW trending narrow crustal root located between 19°E and 20°E, the latter is interpreted as a relic of westward dipping Caledonian continental collision or major thrusting. There is also a basement high on this trend. Across this zone, there is an eastward increase in the V_P, V_P/V_S ratio, and density, indicating a change towards a more mafic average crustal composition. The northward basement/Moho trend projects onto the Billefjorden Fault Zone (BFZ) on Spitsbergen. The eastern side of the BFZ correlates closely with coincident linear positive gravity and magnetic anomalies on western Ny Friesland, apparently originating from an antiform with high-grade metamorphic Caledonian terrane. A double linear magnetic anomaly appears on the BFZ trend south of Spitsbergen, sub-parallel to and located 10–50 km west of the crustal root. Based on this correlation, it is proposed that the suture or major thrust zone seen south of Svalbard correlates to the BFZ. The preservation of the relationship between the crustal suture, the crustal root, and upper mantle reflectivity, challenges the large-offset, post-collision sinistral transcurrent movement on the BFZ and other trends proposed in the literature. In particular, neither the wide-angle seismic data, nor conventional deep seismic reflection data south of Svalbard show clear signs of major lateral offsets, as seen in similar data around the British Isles.     

论南秦岭加里东运动

诸多资料显示南秦岭加里东运动为一次非造山性质的地壳组份与板块结构的调整。具体表现为原扬子板块北缘的裂解、伸展变形和绿片老相变质作用以及岩浆活动和成矿作用等多种形式。     

闽西南"丁屋岭砾岩"地质特征及时代探讨

福建长汀蔡坑地区原划震旦纪丁屋岭组下段的“丁屋岭砾岩”以复成分砾岩、岩屑石英砂岩为主要岩性的、形成于山间盆地的红色杂陆屑建造为加里东期的磨拉石建造，岩性组合、岩相、变质程度及其形成的地质背景都比较特殊。对它的详细研究对福建省乃至华南地区的基础地质研究具有重要意义。     

桂北-桂东加里东期盆地构造沉降史分析

对造山带各地史阶段的沉积盆地进行构造沉降分析,进而探讨其地球动力学过程,是近年来盆地分析的前缘研究之一。本文采用回剥分析技术,分别编绘了桂北、桂东地区加里东期盆地沉降曲线,并进行了构造沉降史分析。结果表明,桂北、桂东加里东期盆地演化均经历了从拉张裂解到挤压闭合的完整过程。但与桂东大瑶山地区相比,桂北兴安地区在裂陷阶段的沉积速率和构造沉降速率明显偏低;热沉降阶段的持续时间偏长;裂陷阶段与前陆挠曲阶段的分界拐点偏晚;前陆挠曲阶段,由构造宁静期的缓慢沉降向构造活动期的快速沉降转化的分界拐点也偏晚。这些差别这一方面说明了两地区具有不同的构造背景,另一方面也反映了华夏板块由南东逐渐地向北西扬子板块靠拢,沉积盆地相应地向西北迁移的动力学过程。     

华南地区加里东期前陆盆地演化过程中的沉积响应

华南地区从震旦纪至早古生界经历了从洋盆的形成、直至转换成前陆盆地的过程。被动大陆边缘阶段，在扬子陆块的东南边缘构成了2次从碎屑岩陆架到碳酸盐台地的沉积序列，一次为震旦纪；另一次为寒武纪至早奥陶世。从中奥陶世至志留纪末，华南洋关闭、形成前陆盆地系统。它由前陆推覆体、前陆前渊、前陆隆起和隆后盆地4部分组成。前陆推覆体细分为根带、中带、前锋带。随着推覆体的上叠式的逆冲，形成外前渊盆地（钦防一带）和内前渊盆地（湘西、黔东南）。当前陆推覆体向克拉通推进时，前陆隆起也逐渐向后退。此带表现出一个海平面相对上升的过程，形成碳酸盐缓坡。随着推覆体进一步逆冲，前缘隆起继续隆升，且露出水面，使其后的隆后盆地转变为半局限环境。晚志留世末，前陆盆地回返，海水从东向西逐渐退出扬子大陆。     

黔中隆起的形成时间及形成机制探讨

黔中隆起经历了水下和陆上两个发育阶段;都匀运动是这一发育转变的成因。问题的焦点是水下隆起的开始时间和都匀运动发生的具体时间。根据沉积相研究,受郁南运动控制,黔中隆起在下奥陶统桐梓组沉积期间已具雏形。对贵阳乌当发现的珊瑚化石Plasmoporella、Heliolites、Amsassia等重新厘定后认为黔中隆起大规模露出水面的时间为晚奥陶世五峰组沉积期结束之时,这也是都匀运动发生的时间。都匀运动本身,受到自南而北方向的滇桂—北越地块的挤压和南东—北西方向的加里东造山运动的挤压,因此在黔中及周缘地区形成了以黔中背斜、乌当—二比向斜为代表的东西向构造和以麻江背斜为代表的南北向构造并存的地质现象。     

塔河油田加里东期岩溶储层特征及分布预测

岩溶储层是塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩的主要储层，是海西早期与加里东期岩溶作用的结果。海西期岩溶储层主要发育在石炭系直接覆盖于中下奥陶统之上的地区，上奥陶统覆盖区的岩溶储层主要是加里东期岩溶作用形成的。地震剖面奥陶系反射波组底部上超、顶部削切特征，牙形剌化石带的缺失、志留系层序地层对比均证实奥陶系在加里东中期有过隆升剥蚀，说明塔河油田具备有加里东岩溶作用的地质条件，锶同位素特征证实了加里东期岩溶洞穴的存在。在上奥陶统覆盖区，岩溶储层主要发育于加里东不整合面(T47和T27)下300 m之内，岩溶储层中，岩溶洞穴高度主要为0～30 m之间，最大可达75 m，显然是加里东中期岩溶作用的产物。加里东期断裂控制了加里东岩溶储层的发育，由此预测了加里东期岩溶储层的发育区带。     

西秦岭北带大草滩群的解体及其地质意义——兼论北秦岭加里东运动 …

分布于西秦岭北带的上泥盆统大草滩群（Ｄ３ｄｃ）,被众多研究秦岭的地质学家认为是典型的造山后的磨拉石建造,并将这套地层作为北秦岭加里东运动最直接、重要的证据之一。我们的工作发现,大草滩群是由两套不同时代、不同沉积建造的地层体经逆冲一推履构造作用形成的地层叠置系统。因此,原大草滩群予以解体,建议取消。这一认识对探讨北秦岭加里东运动的性质以及整个北秦岭构造演化历史提供了重要资料。