大别造山带加里东期高压超高压变质作用的确定及其意义

文中综述了对大别造山带高压超高压变质作用形成时代的 3种观点。重点从高压超高压变质作用同位素定年技术、方法的完善与更新和大别造山带早古生代区域地质构造背景两个方面论证了大别造山带加里东期高压超高压变质作用的存在 ,得出了大别造山带高压超高压变质作用主要为加里东期的结论。这一认识对揭示世界一些大型造山带构造演化规律、研究中国加里东期区域构造格局和在大别造山带及邻区寻找金刚石、金红石、各种宝石、金、铜等矿产都有积极的意义。     

华南东段加里东期花岗岩类形成构造背景探讨

根据近年对区域地质调查取得的认识和前人的研究成果,研究了华南东段加里东期花岗岩类的地质产状、分布规律、形成时代以及Nd、Sr同位素特征;结合研究区超镁铁质-镁铁质岩及火山岩的形成时代、震旦纪—奥陶纪的沉积环境、加里东期构造事件的构造变形特征,对加里东期花岗岩类的形成背景进行了探讨。结果表明,加里东期花岗岩类形成于410～460Ma,大部分岩体属于S型花岗岩,岩浆来源于地壳物质的部分熔融;极少数为I型花岗岩,有幔源物质参与。研究区在早古生代不存在与俯冲有关的弧火山岩,也不存在大面积的早古生代I型花岗岩,震旦纪—奥陶纪地层主要形成于浅海环境。研究提出,加里东期花岗岩类主体形成于板内构造环境。     

桂东北越城岭岩体加里东期成岩作用:锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学和Nd-Hf同位素制约

桂东北越城岭岩体是一个由加里东期-印支期花岗岩组成的复式岩基,是目前南岭地区钨锡矿产调查评价的重点对象。本文选取该复式岩体中的加里东期不同岩性花岗岩,包括细粒花岗闪长岩、(粗)中粒斑状二长花岗岩和(中)细粒(斑状–含斑)二长花岗岩为研究对象,进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、矿物学、地球化学和Nd-Hf同位素组成研究。研究结果表明,细粒花岗闪长岩和(粗)中粒斑状二长花岗岩具有较低SiO_2(70%)含量和A/CNK值(0.99~1.05),较高CaO、TiO_2含量和FeO+MgO值,中等(La/Yb)N值以及中度亏损Ba、Sr、Eu元素等特征,副矿物以榍石为主加少量磁铁矿,属于I型花岗岩,形成时间为435~438 Ma;(中)细粒(斑状-含斑)二长花岗岩具有富硅(70%)、富碱、贫钙,高A/CNK值(1.04~1.14),低FeO+MgO值和(La/Yb)N值,中到重度亏损Ba、Sr、Eu元素等特征,副矿物含量低,以钛铁矿、独居石为主,为S型花岗岩,形成时间为423~429 Ma,略晚于前者。C/MF-A/MF图解反映I型花岗岩由变质中基性火成岩部分熔融形成,源区具有负且稳定的εNd(t)值(–7.1~–7.9)和εHf(t)值(–6.4~–7.8),平均地壳存留年龄为1.8 Ga左右。S型花岗岩的ε_(Nd)(t)值(–7.9~–8.8)和t_(Nd2DM)值(1.81~1.88 Ga)与I型花岗岩类似,但是其CaO/Na_2O值(0.28~0.64)和相对分散的ε_(Hf)(t)值(–2.6~–7.9)和t_(Hf2DM)值(1.57~1.90 Ga)说明源区可能存在变杂砂岩、变泥质岩和年轻地壳组分的三元混合,且以前两者为主。综合分析华南加里东造山带构造演化序列可以得知,造山带从褶皱缩短、逆冲加厚阶段向伸展垮塌阶段转化而形成的等温降压过程,是形成越城岭花岗岩的诱因。等温降压过程可以通过岩基旁侧新宁-资源深大断裂的松弛调整来实现。     

内蒙古中部地区晚志留世西别河组的区域构造学意义

晚志留世西别河组是发育于内蒙古中部地区的一套滨浅海相磨拉石沉积。西别河组广泛角度不整合在蛇绿混杂岩、岛弧火山岩、加里东期花岗岩和弧后盆地复理石沉积之上,揭示了其下伏杂岩之间的区域构造关联性,是内蒙古中部地区曾经发生过加里东期陆壳增生作用过程的证据。西别河组具有与欧洲老红色砂岩类似的区域构造学意义。     

Assimilation and crystal accumulation in a mid-crustal magma chamber: the Sausfjellet pluton, north-central Norway

The Sausfjellet pluton is made up of two intrusive units emplaced into high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Helgeland Nappe Complex of the Uppermost Allochthon in the Norwegian Caledonides. The eastern part of the pluton intruded marble and less voluminous calc-silicate and pelitic rocks. The western half is hosted predominantly by semi-pelitic migmatite with intercalated marble. Remelting of the migmatite during pluton emplacement occurred in a thermal aureole as much as 1000 m wide. The early gabbroic unit forms the southeastern part of the body; it consists of hornblende-bearing to hornblende-rich gabbro and diorite which is thought to have crystallized from an H₂O-rich andesitic parental magma. The younger dioritic unit underlies the central and western parts of the pluton, as well as a zone as much as 200 m wide that separates the rest of the pluton from its host rocks (herein the “annular zone”). The interior or central zone of the dioritic unit is pyroxene diorite that is locally interlayered with anorthosite. The western and annular zones are, by comparison, mineralogically heterogeneous. They range from diorite to quartz monzonite and from biotite-bearing two- and three-pyroxene assemblages to biotite–hornblende assemblages. Neither rock type nor mafic assemblage is correlated with position in the pluton or proximity to a contact. Stoped blocks of a distinctive coarse-grained diorite, as well as pyroxene-rich calc-silicates, are present in the gabbroic unit and the central zone of the dioritic unit. The few stoped blocks observed in the western zone of the dioritic unit are predominantly quartz-rich gneiss. Chemical variation in the central zone of the dioritic unit is interpreted to result from accumulation of pyroxenes+plagioclase from an H₂O-poor andesitic parent. These rocks have approximately constant δ¹⁸O of +6.6±0.2‰ and lack evidence of in situ assimilation. Heterogeneities in the western and annular zones of the dioritic unit are reflected in variable, anomalously enriched incompatible element contents and in δ¹⁸O, which ranges from +6.7‰ to +8.6‰. Petrologic models indicate that the magma parental to the central zone could also be parental to the western and annular zones. If so, evolution of the western and annular zone magma was by crystal accumulation and assimilation of metapelitic host rocks. As much as 20% of the mass of the western and annular zones can be ascribed to assimilated material, which apparently entered the magma by stoping. Therefore, the asymmetrical zoning of the pluton is due to differences in host rock compositions and the relative ability of the magma to assimilate its host rocks.     

新藏公路128公里岩体地球化学特征及其地质意义

新藏公路128公里岩体是西昆仑加里东构造带内一个具有代表性的岩体.研究表明,该岩体主要由石英闪长岩、石英二长岩和花岗闪长岩组成,岩体富Al、Sr和LREE,贫Y和HREE,具弱的负Eu异常,其地球化学特征的综合指标类似于埃达克岩(adakite)的特征,可称之为类埃达克岩或埃达克质岩(adakite-like).岩体的成因可能与西昆仑板块的消减作用有关,产于一个具有加厚地壳的活动陆缘环境,主要由下地壳底部中基性岩部分熔融形成,推测地壳厚度约在40 km左右,花岗岩熔融之后留下的残留物可能由角闪石+辉石±石榴石±斜长石组成.     

华南大瑶山地区加里东期钨矿床

早期研究认为华南加里东期岩浆岩一般不成矿,但自20世纪80年代以来相继发现了一些矿床的事实打破了此观点,特别是近年来大瑶山地区与加里东期岩浆岩有关的钨多金属矿床的大量发现,进一步表明加里东期岩浆岩也能形成矿集区规模的矿产地。大瑶山地区目前已发现9处加里东期的钨矿床(点),包括社垌和玉坡2个大型矿床,已查明WO3资源量接近20万吨,矿床类型包括矽卡岩型、石英脉型和斑岩型。成矿时间集中在432～466 Ma。成矿元素以W为主,部分矿床Mo、Cu、Bi、Ag、Pb、Zn、Au也达到综合利用价值。矿石矿物以白钨矿为主。除与磁黄铁矿化、绢云母化、绿帘石化和透辉石化的岩浆岩时空密切相关外,斑岩型、石英脉型矿床还与一组近东西向或北西向的陡立小断层和节理带有关;矽卡岩型矿床则与寒武系中的灰岩夹层密切有关,并具有元素分带性。矿床地球化学表明主成矿阶段均一温度集中在225～370℃,盐度w(NaCleq)集中在5%～25%,H-O-S同位素示踪显示成矿流体和成矿物质主要来源于岩浆岩。从早到晚,温度和盐度降低、pH值升高以及流体混合是造成矿石沉淀的主要机制。与成矿有关的花岗闪长岩属于低分异还原性的"I"型花岗岩,单体呈小的岩株和岩枝产出,但常成群成带分布,成岩时间跨度较长(432～479.6 Ma)。大瑶山地区与钨矿有关的岩体缺乏伟晶岩,未发现富铝或富含挥发分矿物,但含角闪石。地球化学判别属于钙碱性到高钾钙碱性系列,弱过铝质花岗岩;具有低分异指数,低Li、B、La/Yb和Rb/Sr,高CaO/(Na2O+K2O)、Mg/(Mg+Fe)和高固结指数、高镁铁质矿物含量和弱的Ba、Sr、P和Ti亏损;稀土元素配分曲线为明显右倾斜,弱的负Eu异常;全岩和锆石的Zr/Hf比值较高,说明与钨成矿有关的岩体为低分异岩体,与传统上认为含钨岩体为高分异花岗岩明显不同。升高的锆石O同位素、弱的负εHf(t)值以及1.5～1.6 Ga的TDM2年龄表明花岗闪长岩来源于中元古代地壳物质的部分熔融,并混有一定量的地幔物质。大瑶山地区强烈的加里东期岩浆活动及成矿作用与"华南裂谷"最终关闭导致的陆内碰撞有关。该区加里东期岩浆活动的强度、范围和成矿作用可与该区燕山期的媲美,具有较大的找矿潜力。大瑶山地区新发现钨矿具有矿集区规模的事实,进一步证实华南加里东期花岗岩也能成大矿,这一结论对深入认识华南地区加里东期构造岩浆演化和成矿作用具有重要的科学意义。     

Structural arcuation in the Berwyn Hills,North Wales

New mapping has better defined the well known arc in Acadian (late Caledonian) structures centred in the Berwyn Hills. This arc, convex to the north-west and about 20 km across, is defined by the strikes of bedding and cleavage and the trends of fold hinges. In contrast, a mineral lineation within the cleavage has a north-north-westerly plunge throughout the arc. It approximates to the long (X) axes of measured strain ellipsoids. A primary origin for the arcuation is implied by this consistency, by the absence of secondary cleavages and by opposing senses of fold transection across the arc. The new data favour the hypothesis of shortening of the Lower Palaeozoic cover against and over a pre-existing basement high inferred from geophysical data and from metamorphic and sedimentary facies.