滇西加里东期平河复式花岗岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其风化壳型稀土矿成矿认识

加里东期平河复式花岗岩体位于滇西保山地块西部边缘,其岩石类型主要为二长花岗岩、似斑状二长花岗岩。平河复式花岗岩体主量元素显示岩石全碱（w（K₂O+Na₂O））值分别为6.89%和7.44%,K₂O/Na₂O值分别为1.59和2.65,铝饱和指数（A/CNK）值分别为1.58和1.76,里特曼指数（σ）分别为1.65和1.73;微量稀土元素显示岩石总体上富集Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素,亏损Ta、Nb等高场强元素,轻稀土元素富集,LREE/HREE值分别为1.40和6.43,具低-中等负铕异常（δEu=0.16和0.75）。2件花岗岩样品的锆石U-Pb年龄变化于478~476 Ma,表明这些花岗岩类侵位于早奥陶世;2件样品38颗锆石测点的ε_Hf（t）值显示较大的变化范围,对应的Hf同位素地壳模式年龄集中在2.2~1.7 Ga。这些地球化学特征显示平河复式花岗岩体属钙碱性过铝质S型花岗岩,为泛非运动构造碰撞后应力松弛阶段产物,其形成可能与滇西地区原特提斯地史阶段地块挤压碰撞、裂离过程密切相关。在大团山地区,该期岩体中首次发现含稀土矿物——锰铁铈氧化物,其对全风化岩体稀土氧化物总量贡献最大;岩体风化壳稀土氧化物总量（REO）总体不高,为279.05×10^-6~791.77×10^-6,总体富集Y、La、Ce元素,局部轻稀土元素Nd富集,重稀土镝氧化物配分较高,为2.30%~4.62%。大团山稀土矿点的发现,表明滇西加里东期花岗岩亦有寻找花岗岩风化壳型稀土矿的潜力。     

武夷地块北东部迪口地区下元岩体和红叶岗岩体锆石La-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

迪口地区的下元岩体和红叶岗岩体位于武夷山地区东、西武夷俯冲碰撞增生杂岩带(450～440 Ma)中。我们对下元岩体中的三个岩石样品进行了锆石La-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,获得岩体的侵位结晶年龄分别为420±4 Ma、430±4 Ma和434±4 Ma,证明该岩体为加里东岩体,而非早期认为的印支期花岗岩。红叶岗岩体进行La-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得的年龄为398±4 Ma,表明红叶岗岩体为加里东晚期岩体,而非前人认为的燕山期花岗岩。结合武夷山地区最新的研究成果分析,我们认为迪口地区下元岩体和红叶岗岩体可能形成于东、西武夷地块碰撞后拉张裂解环境。迪口地区下元岩体和红叶岗岩体的侵位时代为武夷地块加里东期的构造演化提供了更进一步的时代约束。     

雪峰山西侧构造演化和构造格局对区域油气成藏条件的控制

本文对雪峰造山带北西缘及其北西侧隔槽式褶皱带的区域构造演化和构造格局与油气关系进行了总结和探讨,主要认识如下:震旦纪-早古生代的被动大陆边缘盆地(Z1-O1)和前陆盆地(O2-S)背景下形成了3套主要生储盖组合。主要烃源层牛蹄塘组早奥陶世开始排烃(油)、三叠纪末排烃(气)基本结束;五峰-龙马溪组晚古生代中期开始排烃(油),白垩纪末排烃(气)基本结束。晚奥陶世后期的都匀运动形成了雪峰造山带北缘隆起和黔中隆起(为大型圈闭),中侏罗世或中三叠世以前的油气多由周边凹陷区向这两个隆起区运移、聚集,严重影响到凹陷区中生代圈闭内天然气成藏潜力和规模。受排烃历史控制,隔槽式褶皱带内中生代圈闭构造有可能形成以五峰-龙马溪组为烃源的较大规模上组合气藏;以牛蹄塘组为烃源的下组合和中组合一般难以成藏,但在黔中隆起带有可能形成次生气藏。最后,基于构造和油气演化特征,探讨了研究区油气成藏远景,并提出了油气勘探方向建议。     

大别造山带南缘浅粒岩的锆石U－Pb年龄及其地质意义

在大别造山带,出露大量的浅粒岩,本文就其南缘宿松岩群和与之北侧毗邻的大别岩群中的2个浅粒岩样品进行锆石U-Pb年龄测定,结果表明宿松岩群的浅粒岩形成于新元古代早期(866±48Ma),大别岩群中的浅粒岩的原岩则形成于中元古代末期(1159±80Ma),并受到加里东期构造热事件的影响(479±16Ma)。这为宿松岩群形成时代的确定以及与大别岩群中的浅粒岩层对比提供一条重要的证据。     

Metamorphism and deformation of blueschist belts and their tectonic implications, North Qilian Mountains, China

Abstract Two blueschist belts in the North Qilian Mountains occur in Middle Cambrian and Lower Ordovician strata and strike N30–35°W for about 500 km along the Caledonian fold belt on the south-west margin of the Sino-Korean plate. The styles of metamorphism and deformation are quite different in the two belts. The Middle Cambrian to Ordovician rocks in the high-grade belt are mainly blueschists and C-type eclogites in which six phases of lower and upper crustal deformation have been recognized. The rocks contain glaucophane, phengite, epidote, clinozoisite, chlorite, garnet, stilpnomelane, piedmontite, albite, titanite and quartz. The estimated P–T conditions of eclogites are 340 ± 10°C, 8 ± 1 kbar and, of blueschist, >380°C, 6–7 kbar. The Ordovician rocks in the low-grade belt are characterized by ductile to brittle deformation in the middle to upper crust. The low-grade blueschists contain glaucophane, lawsonite, pumpellyite, aragonite, albite and chlorite. The estimated P–T conditions are 150–250°C and 4–7 kbar.
K–Ar and ³⁹Ar/⁴⁰Ar geochronology on glaucophane and phengite from the high-grade blueschist belt suggest two stages of metamorphism at 460–440 and 400–380 Ma, which may represent the times of subduction and orogeny. The subduction metamorphism of the northern low-grade blueschist belt took place approximately at the end of the Ordovician.     

An anticlockwise P–T–t path at high‐pressure,high‐temperature conditions for a migmatitic gneiss from the island of Fjørtoft,Western Gneiss Region,Norway, indicates two burial events during the Caledonian orogeny

The Blåhø Nappe on the island of Fjørtoft, which represents an isolated portion of the Seve Nappe Complex in the Western Gneiss Region, Norway, has been suggested to have experienced two deep burial cycles during the Caledonian orogeny. However, evidence on this multiple burial process by the derivation of a pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) path has never been given in the literature. In this study, the ‘diamondiferous’ kyanite–garnet gneiss from the Blåhø Nappe on Fjørtoft was revisited to determine if such a process was correct. Two types of garnet, porphyroblastic garnet‐1 and fine‐grained garnet‐2, were recognized in the gneiss. The core of garnet‐1 is poor in Ca and documents P–T conditions of 1.2–1.3 GPa at c. 880°C based on pseudosection modelling. The inner rims of garnet‐1 and the core of garnet‐2 are both richer in Ca, recording P–T conditions of 1.35–1.45 GPa and 770–820°C. Application of conventional geothermobarometry on the outer rim of garnet‐1 and the rim of garnet‐2 yielded retrograde P–T conditions of 0.75–0.90 GPa and 610–685°C. These estimates define an anticlockwise P–T path at pressures below 1.5 GPa. Accessory monazite was dated with the electron microscope. Relicts of detrital monazite in the gneiss point to Sveconorwegian and possibly also Cryogenian provenance for the detritus of the sedimentary protolith. Metamorphic monazite in the gneiss records a wide age range from 460 to 380 Ma, with a peak c. 435 Ma and a shoulder at 395 Ma. These data suggest that the original (Ediacaran?) Baltica margin sediment (gneiss protolith) was transported to the base of an overlying plate during the early Caledonian (pre‐Scandian) orogeny. A long residence time of the metasedimentary rock at this base caused its heating to 880°C and homogenization of the early garnet chemistry. The late Caledonian (Scandian) collision between Baltica and Laurentia led to further burial, during which the studied gneiss was close to the former surface of the downgoing continental plate and, thus, cooled. The reconstructed P–T–t path confirms the multiple burial history of the Blåhø Nappe but contradicts previous ideas of deep burial of the Fjørtoft gneiss to more than 100 km.     

阿尼玛卿蛇绿岩带花岗—英云闪长岩锆石U—Pb同位素定年及大地构造意义

对阿尼玛卿蛇绿岩带布青山段花岗—英云闪长岩进行的锆石U—Pb同位素定年及岩石化学研究表明,该岩体锆石U—Pb年龄为402±24Ma,归属加里东末期,并非二叠-三叠纪同造山岩浆活动的产物;岩石属钙碱系列,具岛弧花岗岩特征,暗示着本区在早古生代发生过洋壳俯冲及岛弧岩浆活动事件,并为本区早古生代蛇绿岩的存在提供了佐证。     

柴达木盆地北缘塔塔楞环斑花岗岩的SHRIMP年龄

塔塔楞环斑花岗岩套侵位于柴达木北缘加里东构造带中,面积达350km2,是我国最大的环斑花岗岩体。锆石SHRIMPU-Pb法测得其地质年龄为440±14Ma,属加里东期,晚于柴北缘UP-UPF榴辉岩、岛弧火山岩及俯冲型花岗岩的时代约30-50Ma左右,形成于造山运动由挤压造山向后碰撞拉张体制的转折构造环境,代表了加里东运动的终结。榴辉岩—岛弧型火山岩—俯冲花岗岩—环斑花岗岩共同构成了柴北缘构造岩浆演化的完整旋回。塔塔楞环斑花岗岩的发现和时代的准确确定对认识柴北缘加里东构造带的构造演化特征和物质组成具有重要科学意义,为阐明柴达木北缘加里东运动的构造演化和结束提供了重要的岩石学约束。     

The age of the Oughterard Granite,Connemara, Ireland

Despite a wide latitude for interpretation of previous Rb–Sr isotopic data on the Oughterard Granite the age of this intrusion has been regarded as a critical time-marker in resolving the Caledonian evolution of Connemara. New isotopic data suggest that the age of the intrusion be revised from c. 460 Ma to c. 400 Ma, thus making the Oughterard Granite one among the many Newer Caledonian Granites in Ireland. The preferred age is 407 ± 23 Ma, and the initial ⁸⁷ Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio is 0·7076 ± 1. Heterogeneity within the granite is demonstrated, which explains the difficulty in obtaining reliable isotopic ages from this intrusion.     

Pre-Caledonian basement in Ireland and its cover relationships

Pre-Caledonian basement is exposed in three areas within the Irish orthotectonic Caledonides: 1. In northwest County Mayo the Erris Complex comprises the Annagh Division, which is largely Grenvillian but includes older gneisses, and the Inishkea Division, which is probably equivalent to the older Moines of Scotland. 2. In the northeast Ox Mountains, Rosses Point and Lough Derg inliers there is a granulite fades, dominantly metasedimentary basement which is probably late Grenville in age. 3. Laxfordian and probably older gneisses are seen in the Inishtrahull Platform northeast of Malin Head, County Donegal. In addition, some gneisses within the belt of ‘Connemara migmatites’ in south Connemara may be fragments of allochthonous basement and some high grade metamorphic rocks in the Tyrone Central inlier have been referred to as pre-Caledonian basement, but there is at present no conclusive support for these suggestions. The Ox Mountains succession seen in the Clew Bay region and the southwest and central Ox Mountains is probably not pre-Caledonian basement. Basement in the paratectonic Caledonides is confined to the Cadomian and possibly pre-Cadomian Rosslare Complex (older than 625 Ma) and the nearby late Precambrian (to early Cambrian ?) Cuilenstown Formation in southeast County Wexford. In addition, an unseen block of basement defined by magnetics immediately to the north of the Dingle peninsula of County Kerry is probably of Rosslare Complex affinity. Granulite facies xenoiiths recovered from volcanic rocks of Carboniferous age about 70 km to the west of Dublin, indicate the character of basement there, though its age is not proven. All contacts between basement and Lower Palaeozoic Caledonian cover in the orthotectonic Caledonides are synmetamorphic slide zones and faults and in the paratectonic Caledonides the contacts are either faults, which are often rooted in older mylonites, or are unexposed and presumed to be major structural breaks.