Isotopic Geochronological Evidence for the Caledonian Xiongdian Eclogite in the Northwestern Dabie Mountains,China

A typical HP/MT (high pressure/medium temperature) eclogite from Xiongdian, northwestern Dabie Mountains, has been geochronologically studied using the single-zircon U-Pb, 40Ar-39Ar and Sm-Nd methods. Prismatic zircons occurring as inclusions within garnets define a minimum crystallization age of 399.5±1.6 Ma. 40Ar-39Ar dating on amphibole gives a plateau age.of 399.2 ± 4 Ma, which is interpreted as a retrogression age of amphibolite facies. This integrated study enables us to conclude that the age of high-pressure metamorphism is older than 399.5 ± 1.6 Ma, suggesting Caledonian collision between the North China and Yangtze plates. Round zircon within the aggregate of quartz and muscovite gives a concordant age of 301± 2 Ma, reflecting a later retrogression event. An age profile of post-eclogite metamorphism is documented, including amphibolite facies metamorphism at 399.2 Ma shortly after eclogitization and later retrogressive metamorphism at 301 Ma. Sm-Nd mineral isochron of garnet+omphacite gives     

区域成矿规律对华南大地构造属性的联系

关于华南大地构造属性,长期存在古陆或克拉通与地槽褶皱带或造山带两种观点。根据华南很少出露早前寒武纪地质体,广泛发育1．0Ga以后的巨厚地槽相沉积物,经历了1．0Ga以后的多旋回构造运动,发育多期次花岗岩类等事实,笔者认为华南是造山带,而非古陆。考虑到世界著名地台或古陆均不产钨矿,而华南是世界最重要的钨矿省,本文通过分析钨等元素成矿地球化学原理,结合介绍华南含钨花岗岩类的地球化学特点及其形成构造背景,从区域成矿规律角度论证了华南是造山带。     

江南造山带西南缘石英脉型金矿中毒砂Re-Os同位素定年研究

江南造山带西南缘的贵州东南部地区石英脉型金矿产于低绿片岩相的板溪群浅变质岩中,具有典型的造山型金矿特征。与江南造山带其他造山型金矿一样,其成矿时代具有较大的争议,金矿的形成与造山运动的关系还不清楚,制约了对本区金矿成矿作用的深入研究。本文采集了平秋和八克两个石英脉型金矿中与金成矿作用密切相关的含金石英脉中毒砂样品进行高精度的Re-Os同位素分析,分别得到235±3.4 Ma和410±52 Ma两个Re-Os同位素等时线年龄,八克金矿毒砂样品的年龄误差较大的原因是毒砂中Re含量较低所致,但其中低含量高射性样品计算得到的Re-Os同位素模式年龄仍然与其等时线年龄一致。两个矿床的毒砂Re-Os同位素年龄揭示了江南造山带石英脉型金矿与加里东期和印支期两次陆内造山运动有关,是华南显生宙陆内造山运动的产物。     

陈蔡岩群下河图斜长角闪岩年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

浙江诸暨市下河图村的陈蔡岩群中出露一套斜长角闪岩,空间上与块状大理岩相伴产出。地球化学研究表明,下河图斜长角闪岩SiO_2含量为43.22%~46.56%,MgO为3.23%~7.87%,TiO_2为1.90%~2.98%,与碱性洋岛玄武岩特征类似。稀土元素总量为114.47×10~(-6)~192.39×10~(-6),(La/Yb)N为5.93~12.13,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式为轻稀土元素富集的右倾型;原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图表现出向上隆起的富集形态,微量元素特征表明其可能形成于洋岛构造环境,陆壳物质对其混染的可能性较小,岩石成分主要受熔融源区控制。推测下河图斜长角闪岩原岩很可能形成于靠近消减带的海山环境,来源于洋壳俯冲过程中增生的海山碎片,陈蔡岩群很可能为一套俯冲增生杂岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法获得斜长角闪岩变质年龄为420.6±1.8 Ma,可能代表了扬子和华夏两大地块碰撞拼合的时代。     

Caledonian terranes along the southwestern border of the East European platform — Evidence,speculation and open questions

Summary According to the terrane model used for the interpretation of the heterogeneities in the Lower Palaeozoic development along the southwestern border of the East European platform (Baltica) several suspect terranes have been accreted to the passive platform margin during the closure of the postulated Tornquist Sea in Ordovician and Silurian times. Their final docking and partly overthrusting onto the platform are of Scandian (Early Devonian) age. A matter of dispute is the provenance of the various terranes. There are lithofacies, structural, palaeobiogeographical and palaeomagnetic constraints for relations both to Baltica and East Avalonia. Specific similarities can be observed between the Southern Jylland, Pomerania, ysogóry (including Radom-Krasik), and Rawa Russkaja terranes. After their accretion and amalgamation they may form a more or less continuous Caledonian marginal thrust belt along the platform border. On the other hand, more significant differences exist between the latter and the so far recognized Southern North Sea, Maopolska, Cracovides, Upper Silesian, Sudeten, Kochanowka, and Dobrogean terranes. The position of any Tornquist Sea suture zone(s) is still completely enigmatic.     

Crustal structure and transform margin development south of Svalbard based on ocean bottom seismometer data

The Barents Sea is located in the northwestern corner of the Eurasian continent, where the crustal terrain was assembled in the Caledonian orogeny during Late Ordovician and Silurian times. The western Barents Sea margin developed primarily as a transform margin during the early Tertiary. In the northwestern part south of Svalbard, multichannel reflection seismic lines have poor resolution below the Permian sequence, and the early post-orogenic development is not well known here. In 1998, an ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) survey was collected southwest to southeast of the Svalbard archipelago. One profile was shot across the continental transform margin south of Svalbard, which is presented here. P-wave modeling of the OBS profile indicates a Caledonian suture in the continental basement south of Svalbard, also proposed previously based on a deep seismic reflection line coincident with the OBS profile. The suture zone is associated with a small crustal root and westward dipping mantle reflectivity, and it marks a boundary between two different crystalline basement terrains. The western terrain has low (6.2–6.45 km s⁻¹) P-wave velocities, while the eastern has higher (6.3–6.9 km s⁻¹) velocities. Gravity modeling agrees with this, as an increased density is needed in the eastern block. The S-wave data predict a quartz-rich lithology compatible with felsic gneiss to granite within and west of the suture zone, and an intermediate lithological composition to the east. A geological model assuming westward dipping Caledonian subduction and collision can explain the missing lower crust in the western block by subduction erosion of the lower crust, as well as the observed structuring. Due to the transform margin setting, the tectonic thinning of the continental block during opening of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea is restricted to the outer 35 km of the continental block, and the continent–ocean boundary (COB) can be located to within 5 km in our data. Distinct from the outer high commonly observed on transform margins, the upper part of the continental crust at the margin is dominated by two large, rotated down-faulted blocks with throws of 2–3 km on each fault, apparently formed during the transform margin development. Analysis of the gravity field shows that these faults probably merge to one single fault to the south of our profile, and that the downfaulting dominates the whole margin segment from Spitsbergen to Bjørnøya. South of Bjørnøya, the faulting leaves the continental margin to terminate as a graben 75 km south of the island. Adjacent to the continental margin, there is no clear oceanic layer 2 seismic signature. However, the top basement velocity of 6.55 km s⁻¹ is significantly lower than the high (7 km s⁻¹) velocity reported earlier from expanding spread profiles (ESPs), and we interpret the velocity structure of the oceanic crust to be a result of a development induced by the 7–8-km-thick sedimentary overburden.     

Caledonian Low-Temperature Granulite-Facies Metamorphism in the West Kunlun Orogenic Belt-SHRIMP Chronological Evidence from Zircon

1IntroductionTheWestKunlunorogenicbeltbordersontheTarimplateinthenorth ,linkswiththeKarakorum Qiangtangblockinthesouth ,iscutbytheAltunfaultintheeast,andextendswest wardstothePamirPlateau (BureauofGeologyandMineralResources,Xinjiang ,1 999;JiangChunfaetal.,2 0 0 0 ) .OnthebasisofthediscoveryoftheKudaophioliteandaseriesofstudies(DingDaoguietal.,1 996 ;PanYushengetal.,1 994 ,1 999;WangZhihongetal.,2 0 0 0 ;PanYushengetal.,2 0 0 0 ) ,thepreviousgeologicalworkerscommonlyacceptedthatthereh…     

鄂尔多斯盆地加里东期不整合面类型及分布特征*

加里东期不整合面是早古生代华北板块内一个重要的盆地性质转换界面。鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系风化壳岩溶型油气藏和二叠系本溪组、太原组铝土质泥岩气藏的发现,促进了地质学家对该地区古生代加里东运动性质的探讨。基于大量的野外露头、钻井和地震资料,对加里东运动形成的不整合面的识别标志、不整合类型及其空间分布、不整合结构和时间变量进行深入解析。研究表明: (1)加里东运动后,鄂尔多斯盆地的古地貌形态大致可分为鄂托克旗—定边一带的高地貌区、神木—靖边—富县以及吴忠地貌过渡区、中东部地势低缓东倾区; (2)奥陶系顶部不整合面相邻地层呈角度各异的接触关系,具有“削截(下)—整一(上)”、“削截(下)—超覆(上)”的结构,整体表现为盆地边缘为具削截和褶皱的高角度不整合、盆缘向盆内过渡地区的低角度不整合及盆内大范围分布的平行不整合; (3)不整合面也是上、下古生界之间形成的主要风化壳界面,长期的沉积间断和风化剥蚀为该区铝土质泥岩发育奠定了环境背景,而铝土岩不仅可作为下古生界风化壳气藏的理想盖层,同时也是陇东勘探新区天然气大规模聚集成藏的有利场所。     

湘东南东风岩体锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素组成及稀土矿床特征

文章对湘东南地区的东风岩体进行了锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素以及岩石地球化学分析,以研究岩石成因及形成构造背景,并对东风风化壳离子吸附型重稀土矿的成因进行了探讨。东风岩体2件二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为（433.5±2.6）Ma和（432.0±2.5）Ma,显示为加里东晚期。东风岩体锆石ε_Hf (t)值介于-5.12~-7.45,计算得到二阶段地幔亏损模式年龄（T_DM2）介于1714~1882 Ma,显示其成岩物质为壳源的特征。东风岩体的地球化学特征显示其为高钾钙碱性、强过铝质的花岗岩,在成因类型判别图解中显示为S型花岗岩,构造背景判别图解显示为后碰撞构造环境。综合东风岩体花岗岩的地球化学特征和Hf同位素特征,笔者认为,东风岩体形成于扬子板块与华夏板块陆内汇聚的后碰撞伸展环境,为增厚地壳减压熔融和软流圈地幔上涌诱发古老地壳物质重熔形成的S型花岗岩。东风稀土矿床为一个由富轻稀土元素的母岩经风化后形成的大型重稀土矿床,富含稀土元素的高Y型花岗岩母岩为矿床的形成提供了重要物质基础,气候及地形地貌条件为稀土元素发生淋滤迁移和吸附富集提供了重要保证。     

江西金溪熊家山钼矿床加里东期与燕山期花岗岩对比及其对成矿作用的启示

加里东期和燕山期花岗岩是华南分布最广的二期花岗岩,以往的研究较少关注它们之间的成因联系及各自对成矿的贡献。江西金溪熊家山Mo矿床同时发育有加里东期和燕山期花岗岩,本文对该区二期花岗岩进行了锆石U-Pb年龄及元素与Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成的系统测定,据此揭示了二者地质地球化学特征的差别,并探讨了它们之间的成因联系及其对成矿的可能制约关系。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年表明,区内加里东期和燕山期岩体的成岩年龄分别为~440Ma和~155Ma。化学组成上,二期花岗岩均具有亚碱、过铝、贫铁的特征,但加里东期花岗岩更富铝,而燕山期花岗岩总体更富碱。二期花岗岩均富Cs、Rb、Th、Pb和轻稀土,贫Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Nb、Ta,但燕山期花岗岩Nb、Ta、Th含量更高,并具有偏高的Rb/Sr和Rb/Ba比值、偏低的K/Rb比值和LREE/HREE比值,以及更显著的铕负异常,指示其演化程度更高。Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成指示加里东期花岗岩主要起源于早中元古代基底地壳物质的部分熔融,幔源或初生地壳组分未显著参与成岩过程。燕山期花岗岩具有与加里东期花岗岩类似的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成,且在燕山期花岗岩中存在较多的加里东期岩浆继承锆石。综合分析表明,燕山期花岗岩并非完全起源于加里东期花岗岩的重熔,后者仅是作为燕山期花岗岩源岩的组成部分参与成岩。区内钼成矿主要受燕山期岩浆事件制约,燕山期花岗质岩浆的隐爆对成矿具有重要的控制作用。加里东期花岗岩对成矿的影响主要体现在两方面,其一是通过直接参与燕山期花岗质岩浆的形成为成矿提供部分物源,另一方面是该期岩浆活动促进了陆壳的成熟和成矿元素的富集从而间接制约成矿。