康山“古油藏”讨论之三——康山“沥青脉”的成因

通过对康山固体可燃脉体产状、脉石矿物性质、构造发展史的综合分析,认为其成因很可能是下寒武统荷塘组中的软沥青和有机质,在加里东运动期间,由于区域应力体系的变化而爆炸运移形成的。康山脉石矿物是沥青和有机质,不是煤和无机物。沥青的源岩为下寒武统荷塘组富有机质的黑色泥岩、硅质泥岩、硅质岩。康山脉中的固体沥青和有机质,当初挤入时应呈塑性流动状态,康山沥青系由石油经热演化而成。     

江南隆起上的下古生界缺失带──华南加里东前陆褶冲带的标志

华南的主造山事件发生在加里东期。由于中生代同一方向薄皮冲断作用的叠加和改造，早古生代的碰撞构造格局已不清楚。江南隆起核部存在一下古生界缺失带，它平行隆起走向线状分布，空间上分开了西北的扬子型地层和东南的江南型地层区，晚古生代浅海碳酸盐平缓超覆其上。由于早古生代时江南隆起位于扬子陆块东南的大陆斜坡部位，当时曾普遍接受沉积，上述线状地层缺失带应属造山变形产物，可能标示着加里东期造山带的前陆褶冲带的位置。     

加里东期扬子板块与华夏板块西南段分界线的岩相古地理制约

定量化的岩相古地理分析可以为判别不同大地构造单元的分界线提供制约依据。采用“单元素分析多因素综合作图法”，结合古流向、沉积特征等实际资料，从定量的角度研究了桂北桂东地区加里东期的岩相古地理，并认为研究区加里东期自南华纪开始新一轮裂解之后，荔浦断裂北西的桂北-桂东北地区逐渐从深海盆地演变为扬子大陆边缘斜坡，其坡面倾向南东，古流向由北西向南东，陆源碎屑来源于西北，属于扬子（或康滇）古地理体系；而荔浦断裂南东的桂东地区为华夏大陆斜坡，并在奥陶纪最终演变为陆棚-滨岸环境，其坡面倾向北西，古流向由南东向北西，陆源碎屑则来自东南，属于华夏古地理体系。岩相古地理证据表明荔浦断裂为加里东期扬子板块与华夏板块西南段的分界断裂。     

扬子东南缘北段加里东期的褶皱特征——来自不整合关系的证据

扬子(地台)东南缘,自江西乐平向北一直缺少上、下古生界之间角度不整合接触关系的报道.本文通过新发现的一系列加里东期角度不整合接触关系,结合下古生界中2期强烈褶皱的变形分析,论证了扬子东南缘北段(浙皖赣相邻区)存在加里东期褶皱.     

塔里木盆地北部塔河油田奥陶系加里东期岩溶作用及其油气地质意义

详细的钻井地质学、地球物理和地球化学研究表明,塔河油田南部奥陶系内部和顶部发育多幕次的加里东期岩溶作用,主要表现在奥陶系内部牙形石带缺失、钻井放空和泥浆漏失、地震剖面上奥陶统反射波组底部上超和项部削截,以及溶洞充填方解石的Sr同位素特征等方面.加里东期岩溶储层主要受不整合面、断裂、岩性和古地貌等因素控制,表现出明显的断控和层控特征.由此预测该储层发育区位于古风化壳剥蚀区、加里东期断裂发育区和滩相储层发育区的叠合部位,主要位于阿克库勒凸起的轴部倾没端和塔河西南部、东南部的北东向、近南北向断裂发育区.     

The Caledonian Symmetrical Double Binary Four-Body Problem I: Surfaces of Zero-Velocity Using the Energy Integral

The Caledonian four-body problem introduced in a recent paper by the authors is reduced to its simplest form, namely the symmetrical, four body double binary problem, by employing all possible symmetries. The problem is three-dimensional and involves initially two binaries, each binary having unequal masses but the same two masses as the other binary. It is shown that the simplicity of the model enables zero-velocity surfaces to be found from the energy integral and expressed in a three dimensional space in terms of three distances r ₁, r ₂, and r ₁₂, where r ₁ and r ₂ are the distances of two bodies which form an initial binary from the four body systems centre of mass andr ₁₂ is the separation between the two bodies.     

赣南南迳盆地加里东期火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

赣南南迳盆地位于华南加里东褶皱带中西部,盆地内火山岩组合常因风化强烈,出露不好,长期被认为属于中生代火山岩系的一部分。该火山岩组合与下伏晚奥陶世地层呈整合接触,与上覆中泥盆世地层呈角度不整合,应为早古生代火山岩组合,但缺乏精确的年代学和岩石地球化学制约。对南迳盆地火山岩进行了锆石U-Pb年龄、Sr-Nd-O同位素及地球化学研究。安山岩和英安岩SHRIPM锆石U-Pb年龄分别为442.1±3.9Ma和439.9±3.7Ma,表明一次晚奥陶世末期—早志留世初期的岩浆事件。微量元素分析显示,Rb、K和轻稀土元素富集,Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti元素亏损,Nb/U、Nb/Th、Ti/Yb值较低,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,负Eu异常,主量元素贫钛、富铝。研究认为,南迳盆地火山岩是早古生代时期,随着南华洋关闭、扬子地块与华夏地块发生碰撞,地壳加厚、岩石圈地幔拆沉、软流圈上涌,导致EMI型富集地幔与下地壳发生部分熔融的结果。     

湖南及邻区志留纪兰多弗里世鲁丹期至埃隆期岩相古地理及加里东期板块构造演化

湖南兰多弗里世鲁丹期岩相古地理格局以桃江—白马山—苗儿山一线为界,其南东为华夏洋壳板块兰多弗里统鲁丹阶周家溪组陆屑浊积深水盆地相,陆屑来自更南东的湘中南褶皱山地;其北西为扬子陆壳板块兰多弗里统鲁丹阶龙马溪组沉积洋盆,南东后缘是上陆棚相,北西前缘是下陆棚相,陆屑都由南东湘中南褶皱山地提供。至兰多弗里世埃隆期岩相古地理发生巨变：龙马溪组顶部Coronograptus cyphus笔石带末即大约440.8±1.2 Ma时,发生华夏洋壳板块向扬子陆壳板块俯冲碰撞事件,华夏洋壳板块周家溪组本身褶皱造山为华夏褶皱山地,华夏洋壳板块洋盆关闭。同时华夏洋壳板块以A型俯冲形式下插到扬子陆壳板块之下,并使扬子陆壳板块南东前缘崛起形成加里东期雪峰造山带。后者将扬子陆壳板块南东前缘牵引、挠曲和凹陷成华夏洋壳板块弧后前陆盆地,小河坝组是该弧后前陆盆地的沉积盖层,陆屑都由南东的雪峰造山带提供。该弧后前陆盆地沉积了三角洲相—滨海相的小河坝组,向北东、北西和南西方向相变为台地相石牛栏组,再向北西陕南紫阳相变为盆地相斑鸠关组。小河坝组两次采集的重砂样均出现蓝闪石,它是蓝闪石片岩标志矿物,蓝闪石片岩是确认加里东期华夏洋壳板块与扬子陆壳板块俯冲碰撞及形成雪峰造山带的判别标志。     

桂东大瑶山南缘社山花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素特征: 对区内加里东期成岩成矿作用的制约

利用激光剥蚀(MC)-ICP-MS方法对桂东大瑶山南缘的社垌钨钼矿床中的花岗岩类进行研究, 精确限定社山黑云母花岗闪长岩(SD256)中锆石的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为438.7±3.0 Ma(MSWD=0.22), 侵位于平头背石英砂岩的花岗闪长(斑)岩脉(SD190)形成于438.1±2.6 Ma(MSWD=0.28);花岗岩中新生岩浆锆石的Hf同位素特征较为一致, 176Hf/177Hf比值分布于0.282 406~0.282 518, 对应的ε_Hf(438 Ma)值变化于-3.7~0, 两阶段Hf模式年龄(T_DM2)集中在1 226~1 417 Ma之间.这表明大瑶山地区社山花岗闪长岩类的形成时间在438 Ma左右(加里东期), 成岩成矿作用可能与中元古代新生地壳物质(1.2~1.4 Ga)的部分熔融密切相关.结合区域内已有可靠年龄进行分析, 认为华南加里东期成岩成矿作用应该不是呈简单的北东向分布, 而是呈面状展布, 且该期构造-岩浆-成矿运动可能是引起华南地区在印支期、燕山早期发生大规模的岩浆作用和金属成矿作用的关键原因之一.      

Late Caledonian dyke-swarms in Southern Scotland: New field,petrological and geochemical data for the Wigtown Peninsula,Galloway

Several hundred, dominantly NE-trending dykes invade Silurian flysch sediments of the Wigtown Peninsula. The most basic dykes are K-rich biotite-lamprophyres, hornblende-lamprophyres and appinites ('diorites' of previous maps). More acidic (qz and cm normative) dykes include restricted andesitic compositions ('porphyritcs', c. 57 per cent SiO₂) and a continuum from dacitic to rhyolitic compositions ('acid porphyrites' and 'porphyries', c. 63–71 per cent SiO₂). The relative abundance of basic to intermediate + acidic dykes, based on examination of 180 thin sections and 70 new whole-rock analyses, is approximately 7:1. The biotite- and hornblende-lamprophyres are distinct in chemistry and distribution, biotite-lamprophyres being confined to the south of the Peninsula. Neither type has any compositional equivalent among the plutonic rocks of the area. Porphyrite and porphyry dykes do not represent simple lamprophyre fractionates, but may be derived from at least two (intermediate and acidic) parent magmas, which may represent crustally-contaminated lamprophyre or entirely separate crustal melts. Emplacement of all dyke compositions was apparently episodic through Wenlock to early Devonian times (c. 425-395 Ma). Early dykes post-date the main deformation (D₁) but predate minor (D₂) folding, both D₁ and D₂ being related to thrusting. On the current accretionary model for the Southern Uplands, this implies that dyke emplacement commenced before the end of accretion in a compressional tectonic regime—scarcely consistent with the moderate (up to 6 per cent) crustal extension represented by the dykes. The geochemistry of the lamprophyres requires a deep mantle origin several hundred kilometres behind any subduction zone. This suggests that the 'lapetus suture', at the time of dyke emplacement, was much farther south than its currently inferred position and places the Southern Uplands in a back-arc situation.