Zoning and layering in diorites of the scottish caledonian appinite suite

Dioritic plugs (< 1 km across) are common associates of the late Caledonian, post-tectonic granites of the Scottish Highlands. These contain a very wide range of rock types from ultramafic through mesocratic diorites to anorthositic and granitic. These rocks form steeply dipping, wall-parallel layers and zones within the plugs. Outer layers are shown to form first, inner layers later. Mafic zones are composed of the minerals seen as phenocrysts in chilled margins and have the chemical characteristics of cumulates. The inner margins of the mafic zones reflect the onset of plagioclase crystallization. Core zones also show inward variations in mineralogy and texture which define vertical, wall-parallel cylinders. These variations are ascribed to fractional crystallization accompanying accretion of rock onto the pipe walls. Cores in different intrusions may be mafic, mesocratic, or leucocratic, which indicates vertical zonation in the bodies. The mafic cores additionally show that recharge with less evolved magma occurred in some cases. The few larger (> 1 km diameter) intrusions show examples of layering and lamination dipping at low to moderate angles. These indicate the beginning of a change from wall-dominated to floor-dominated crystallization as intrusion diameter increases. A comparison is made with the nature and origin of layering in other intrusions.     

华夏地块:一个由古老物质组成的年轻陆块

对华夏地块三个主要前寒武纪地质体出露区变质岩的详细锆石年代学的综合分析显示,华夏地块大致可以被分成武夷山区和南岭-云开区。武夷山区由古元古代核和新元古代（形成于730-820 Ma）的盖层组成,构成华夏地块最老的古陆,在其深部很可能还存在一个新太古代基底。新元古代的沉积物主要来自武夷微古陆本身。南岭与云开具有相似的前寒武纪地壳组成,它们主要是由新元古代形成的沉积物夹少量火山岩组成。这些沉积物质中包含了非常古老的中太古代和新太古代组分,甚至古太古代组成。Grenville期和中元古代组分是其中最丰富的。这些组分在华夏没有对应出露的岩石,说明它们主要来自另外一个曾经与华夏相邻的陆块。该陆块很可能是东印度－东南极大陆。南岭－云开区最初可能是Rodinia超大陆裂解时形成的一个裂谷盆地,加里东的造山运动使盆地中的沉积物挤压、褶皱和隆起,与武夷陆块共同构成了一个新的年轻的大陆     

湖北省随州杨家棚地区辉长岩Rb-Sr同位素年龄

对湖北省随州地区组成花山蛇绿混杂岩的杨家棚MORB型辉长岩进行了RbSr同位素分析,其矿物(辉石、斜长石)等时线年龄为435±49(2σ)Ma,ISr为0.70516±28(2σ),与该地区出露的三里岗二长花岗岩的RbSr等时线年龄(422Ma)在误差范围内是一致的;反映了该地区在加里东期曾受到强烈地质事件的作用,并进一步表明花山洋盆可能是一个形成年龄较老的洋盆,以前有关花山洋盆存在时限(海西印支期)的推测在这里没有得到确证。     

Fluidized mixtures of magma and rock in a late Caledonian breccia dyke and associated breccia pipes in Appin,Scotland

This paper describes an unusual occurrence of igneous material as clasts in dyke and pipe breccias associated with late Caledonian minor intrusions. It is shown that the clasts were in a plastic condition when incorporated into the breccia rock. These igneous clasts were derived from magma disrupted at depth and then transported into the fluidized breccia columns where they were mixed with large numbers of clasts derived from the quartzite wall-rocks. Textures and planar fabrics developed during collapse of the fluidized system are described and shown to be separable from the later compaction associated with extensive pressure solution of the fine matrix. Most Caledonian breccia pipes lack igneous clasts and it is considered that this group of breccias represent the rarely-preserved boundary zone between active magma and breccia systems.     

A white mica crystallinity study of the Berwyn Hills, North Wales

Abstract White mica crystallinity studies have been carried out on 90 samples of mudrocks, six of spotted slate, and five of accretionary lapilli tuff from the area around the Berwyn Hills, North Wales. Strain was measured for some of the spotted slate and tuff samples. The metamorphic grade increases from southeast to northwest, with values of the Kübler index varying from 0.64 to 0.20Δ2θ. Metamorphic zonal boundaries follow the strike of bedding and cleavage, but crystallinity values increase into stratigraphically younger rocks on the northwest side of the Berwyn Dome. This effect is attributed mainly to a rapid increase in the thickness of synmetamorphic overburden to the northwest, comprising exposed Silurian turbidites and inferred Lower Devonian non-marine sediments. Strain variations have a more local influence on crystallinity, and lateral variations in the contemporary geothermal gradient cannot be ruled out. However, only with unrealistically high gradients would the need for a thick Lower Devonian component to the overburden be removed. This reasoning implies that the metamorphic peak was coeval with the Acadian (late Caledonian) event, rather than with an early diastathermal event.     

下庄矿田基底的控矿作用及其有关地质问题

本文提出武夷及其邻区存在两个裂陷槽及一裂隆，鹰潭－南城－安远－河源韧性断裂带为东部的火山岩型与西部的花岗岩型铀矿床的地质分界线，指出了加里东运动在本区的突出作用是使裂隆基底岩石发生混合花岗岩化作用。根据下庄矿田及其外围发现较深变质的岩石和较大规模韧性剪切糜棱岩带，得出下庄矿田是古老基底加里东热穹隆区多次构造、岩浆活动的产物。由于铀成矿作用赋存于初、脆性两种构造中，建议重新划分矿化类型以指导勘查工作。     

阿尔金北缘大平沟金矿床成因

大平沟金矿是阿尔金北缘地区近年来新发现的一个中型金矿床。它受韧性剪切带构造的控制,矿化类型为蚀变糜棱岩型夹少量钾长石石英脉型。文章通过地质地球化学的研究,探讨了该矿床的成因。稀土元素、硫同位素、铅同位素和锶同位素地球化学特征反映成矿物质主要来源于变质岩;流体包裹体和氢氧同位素反映成矿流体主要来源于变质水,有少量重熔岩浆水和大气降水的混入,成矿温度198～2 90℃,成矿流体密度0 .791～0 .971g/cm3 ;盐度w(NaCleq) =2 .0 3%～5 .5 % ,成矿压力(42 0～72 0 )×10 5Pa ,成矿深度为1.6 1～2 .6 8km。石英流体包裹体Rb_Sr等时线年龄表明成矿时代为加里东期。大平沟金矿床属于中温动力变质热液成因矿床。     

下扬子东南缘北段加里东期构造形迹新资料

皖浙交界的宁国、于潜一带,上奥陶统和下志留统厚度巨大且具有浊流沉积的特征,导致长期以来对这一地区加里东期大地构造背景的不同认识.通过1:25万区域地质填图,在震旦纪-下古生代地层中发现大量加里东期构造变形形迹和数处不整合接触关系,表明本区加里东运动强烈,华南地区广泛发育的加里东运动已经强烈地影响到扬子板块的南缘.这些发现为研究本区加里东期的大地构造环境和变形特点、扬子板块与华南板块的相互作用提供了新资料.     

塔河地区加里东中期古岩溶作用及分布模式

地震资料解释、地层古生物、钻井地质及地球化学等方面的证据证实塔北地区存在加里东期运动及该期岩溶作用。本文探讨了原岩性质、断裂裂缝发育程度、古地貌形态、古气候等岩溶发育的控制因素,从岩石学、锶同位素、包裹体特征等方面建立了识别加里东期大气水作用的标志,指出早期断裂及伴生裂缝发育程度是加里东中期岩溶作用的主控因素,总结了该期岩溶具有以下特征:①层控性:岩溶发育具有发育面积广,深度浅,在不整合面以下0～35m发育;②断控性:较大溶洞发育在断裂附近;③有效储层具较强非均质性。由此预测该储层发育区位于古风化壳剥蚀区和加里东期断裂发育区的叠合部位,主要位于阿克库勒凸起的轴部倾没端和塔河西南部、东南部的北东向、近南北向断裂发育区。该期岩溶的存在与发现,对塔河油田南部的油气勘探具有重要意义。     

Geochronological Study of Caledonian Granulite and High-Pressure Gneiss in the Dabie Mountains

Using the single-zircon evaporation technique and U-Pb method, the authors have conducted an isotope geochonological study of the Huilanshan granulite and Shima garnet-bearing plagioclase gneiss (" country rocks" of the Shima eclogite) in the Dabie Mountains. The study shows that these rocks have peak metamorphic ages of 443-455 Ma, which are essentially consistent with that of the Caledonian high-ultrahigh pressure eclogites. This indicates the existence of the Caledonian collisional orogeny in the Dabie Mountains.