南阿尔金古生代花岗岩U Pb定年及岩浆活动对造山带构造演化的响应

南阿尔金花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,西部的且末县南依干村花岗岩体年龄分别为352’4Ma、349’2Ma、343’3Ma,东部的白干湖村北花岗岩体的年龄分别为447’4Ma、444’5Ma、448’2Ma,茫崖镇西花岗岩为444’6Ma、435’4Ma,阿克提山花岗岩为265’2M,柴水沟花岗岩为406’5Ma,常春沟石英闪长岩为469’3Ma,茫崖镇北花岗岩为462’8Ma。根据花岗岩的定年结果,结合岩石地球化学研究,本文将南阿尔金花岗岩类划分出为五期:第1期岩石组合为石英闪长岩+花岗闪长岩+二长花岗岩,具有Ⅰ型花岗岩的属性,时代460Ma;第2期岩石组合为石英二长岩+正长花岗岩+碱长花岗岩,具有S型号花岗岩的特征,时代为435~450Ma;第3期岩石组合为花岗闪长岩+二长花岗岩+正长花岗岩,具有A型花岗岩的属性,时代为404~411Ma;第4期花岗岩组合为花岗闪长岩+二长花岗岩,时代为343~352Ma,具有S型花岗岩的地球化学属性;第5期花岗岩组合为石英闪长岩+花岗闪长岩+花岗岩,具有Ⅰ型花岗岩的地球化学特征,时代为265Ma。根据年代学和岩石地球化学研究结果,结合区域地质特征,我们认为第1期(465~469Ma)花岗岩浆活动可能与洋壳的俯冲作用有关;第2期(435~450Ma)岩浆活动可能属碰撞后岩浆活动;第3期(404~411Ma)岩浆活动可能与板块碰撞后造山带块体均衡调整有关,第4期(343~352Ma)岩浆活动可能与特提斯构造活动有关,第5期(265Ma)岩浆活动可能与阿尔金断裂的活动有关。     

Mantle-derived CO_2 in Hot Springs of the Rehai Geothermal Field,Tengchong,China

Gas concentrations and isotopic compositions of He and CO2 were determined on free gas samples from ten hot springs of the Rehai geothermal field, Tengchong, China. The results showed that hot-spring CO2 gas, together with He,was derived mainly from the mantle, indicating the accumulation of mantle-derived volatiles beneath the survey area. The δ^13C values of CO2, higher than those of the typical mantle-derived carbon and the isotopic composition of hot-spring-free CO2 in unequilibrium with dissolved CO2, are recognized only in the Rehai geothermal field, suggesting that there seems to be a still-degassing magmatic intrusion at depths, which provides mantle-derived volatiles to the hydrothermal system above. The accumulation of those volatiles has probably played an important role in triggering earthquakes in this region.In addition, the isotopic characteristics of He and C also indicate that the magmatic intrusion seems to have been derived from the MORB source, and could be contaminated by crustal materials during its upwelling through the continental crust.     

Genesis and Mixing/Mingling of Mafic and Felsic Magmas of Back-Arc Granite: Miocene Tsushima Pluton, Southwest Japan

The Middle Miocene Tsushima granite pluton is composed of leucocratic granites, gray granites and numerous mafic microgranular enclaves (MME). The granites have a metaluminous to slightly peraluminous composition and belong to the calc‐alkaline series, as do many other coeval granites of southwestern Japan, all of which formed in relation to the opening of the Sea of Japan. The Tsushima granites are unique in that they occur in the back‐arc area of the innermost Inner Zone of Southwest Japan, contain numerous miarolitic cavities, and show shallow crystallization (2–6 km deep), based on hornblende geobarometry. The leucocratic granite has higher initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7065–0.7085) and lower ε_Nd(t) (?7.70 to ?4.35) than the MME of basaltic–dacitic composition (0.7044–0.7061 and ?0.53 to ?5.24), whereas most gray granites have intermediate chemical and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions (0.7061–0.7072 and ?3.75 to ?6.17). Field, petrological, and geochemical data demonstrate that the Tsushima granites formed by the mingling and mixing of mafic and felsic magmas. The Sr–Nd–Pb isotope data strongly suggest that the mafic magma was derived from two mantle components with depleted mantle material and enriched mantle I (EMI) compositions, whereas the felsic magma formed by mixing of upper mantle magma of EMI composition with metabasic rocks in the overlying lower crust. Element data points deviating from the simple mixing line of the two magmas may indicate fractional crystallization of the felsic magma or chemical modification by hydrothermal fluid. The miarolitic cavities and enrichment of alkali elements in the MME suggest rapid cooling of the mingled magma accompanied by elemental transport by hydrothermal fluid. The inferred genesis of this magma–fluid system is as follows: (i) the mafic and felsic magmas were generated in the mantle and lower crust, respectively, by a large heat supply and pressure decrease under back‐arc conditions induced by mantle upwelling and crustal thinning; (ii) they mingled and crystallized rapidly at shallow depths in the upper crust without interaction during the ascent of the magmas from the middle to the upper crust, which (iii) led to fluid generation in the shallow crust. The upper mantle in southwest Japan thus has an EMI‐like composition, which plays an important role in the genesis of igneous rocks there.     

五大连池、天池和腾冲火山岩Sr、Nd同位素地球化学特征与岩浆演化

在的年来对长白山天池火山、五大连池火山和腾冲火山三个火山区火山岩岩石学的主、微量元素研究的基础上，新做出18个火山岩Sr-Nd同位素数据，进一步讨论地幔源区特征与岩浆成因演化。五大连池富钾火山岩浆源区由原始地幔与EMI两个地幔端员混合而成，岩浆直接来自地幔，未受地壳物质明显混染和分离结晶作用影响；天池火山各阶段火山岩一致的似原始地幔特征，可能指示存在巨大的壳内岩浆房和持续的幔源岩浆的补给；腾冲火山岩的高钾钙碱性岩浆源区为由陆内壳－幔相互作用导致的原始地幔与EMⅡ两个地幔端员不同程度混合而成。     

磁铁矿-磷灰石型铁矿的实验模拟研究进展与展望

磁铁矿-磷灰石(IOA)型铁矿,或称基鲁纳型(Kiruna)铁矿,或称陆相火山岩型铁矿,在时空上常常与碱性-钙碱性的(次)火山岩有着紧密联系。该类型矿床在世界范围内广泛产出,发育特征的磁铁矿-磷灰石-阳起石矿物组合,但其成因还存在广泛争议。文章介绍并归纳了成岩成矿实验在IOA型矿床相关的岩浆原生过程方面取得的最新进展,包括液态不混溶作用、岩浆磁铁矿-气泡悬浮模式和阳起石岩浆成因的实验验证,探讨了磁铁矿以及磷灰石通过液态不混溶作用和气泡悬浮完成超常富集形成铁矿浆的可能性。在此基础上,指出了相关实验目前尚存在的问题及未来的研究方向。     

含矿岩浆通道对于岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床找矿工作的意义

“深部熔离-贯入式”岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床具有矿化比例极高、岩体岩相分带及矿体产状与原地分异、熔离机制不协调的特征.我国对这类矿床深部勘探策略和方法的研究相对滞后,尚未开展深部找矿工作.本文以金川矿床为重点,系统总结和归纳其地质特征和成矿有利部位,对比了与之成因类似的加拿大Voisey＇s Bay超大型岩浆Gu-Ni-Co硫化物矿床的成功勘探经验,阐述了这类矿床沿岩浆通道找矿的前景和巨大潜力.以金川矿床为实例,提出了这类矿床沿含矿岩浆通道开展深部找矿的策略和方法.     

Rb—Sr Geochronology and Magma Source of the Mesozoic Fault—Granite Belt,East Shandong

Developed in the southeast coast of te East Shandong Peninsula,the Mesozoic fault-magma belt consists of five rock series:the syenite series;the monzonite series;the megaporphyritic monzogranite series;the biotite-granite series;and the alkali granite seres.Based on their Rb-Sr isochron ages(122-220Ma),these rock series may be divided into three magma subcycles dated at Triassic,Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous.The initial ^87Sr/^86Sr ration in these rock series range from 0.70436 to 0.7155.The starting points of the Rb-Sr isochrons exhibit four different distribution trends on the(^87Sr/^86Sr)i-^87Rb/^86Sr diagram.These characteristics show that the multiple granitic rock series are different in genesis and derivation.The syenite series might be derived from the combination of mantle-derived magma and crustal material,and the others could be derived from granulite-facies and amphibilite-facies rocks in the deep crust.     

石英脉型黑钨矿床成矿流体性质的进一步探讨

作者对比了石英脉型黑钨矿床与伟晶岩矿床的微观特征,认为形成两类矿床的成矿流体性质相似,既具有残余熔浆的特点,又具有热液的特征,因此将该流体称之为熔浆-热液过渡性流体。     

胶东晚中生代金矿成矿的硫同位素组成及热动力源

胶东地区晚中生代金矿床均有一个与岛弧玄武质、安山质岩浆相一致的δ^34(6．5‰-7.0‰)硫源，而全铜矿床的δ^34为4．5‰-5．0‰，与岛弧玄武质岩浆的δ^34接近。可初步认为该区全(铜)成矿流体的热源来自地慢或俯冲地慢楔产生的玄武岩浆。成矿流体的产生与岛弧玄武质岩浆底侵／内侵作用密切相关，形成于被加热的地壳。     

东昆仑造山带花岗岩及地壳生长

东昆仑造山带是青藏高原内可与冈底斯相媲美的又一条巨型构造岩浆岩带。该带内的花岗岩形成可以划分为4个时段,分别与4个造山旋回相对应：前寒武纪（元古宙）;早古生代;晚古生代—早中生代;晚中生代—新生代。其中,以晚古生代—早中生代（或称华力西—印支旋回）、特别是三叠纪的花岗岩最为发育。东昆仑造山带基底主要形成于古元古代晚期。其早古生代构造-岩浆事件序列与北祁连造山带可以对比,属祁连—东昆仑加里东造山系统的一部分。到晚古生代—早中生代时东昆仑卷入古特提斯构造体制,属于古特提斯造山系统的北缘。华力西—印支是一个完整的造山旋回,与西南“三江”古特提斯的演化历史相似。昆南缝合带是当时中国南北大陆的主要构造分界线。新生代印度—欧亚大陆的碰撞,使东昆仑造山带又卷入了青藏大陆碰撞造山系统,但对东昆仑的影响是一种远程效应。 　　东昆仑造山带大陆地壳主要形成于古元古代晚期,但在显生宙还有新生地壳 （juvenile crust） 产生,与兴蒙、冈底斯、安第斯等造山带相似。东昆仑花岗岩带中丰富的幔源岩浆底侵作用与壳-幔源岩浆混合作用的证据,以及花岗岩类的Nd、Sr同位素成份（87Sr/ 86Sr初始值多数小于0.710;εNd（t ）值变化于－9.2和＋3.6之间）,说明 地幔物质的注入及其与地壳物质的混合,对显生宙地壳的形成演化起着重要作用,是显生宙东昆仑地壳生长的重要方式。根据花岗质寄主岩、镁铁质暗色微粒包体（MME）及底侵辉长岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,东昆仑造山带在显生宙发生过两次大规模的底侵作用与岩浆混合作用,一次在早-中泥盆世（394~403 Ma）,另一次在中三叠世（239～242 Ma）,分别相当于加里东旋回、华力西-印支旋回的俯冲结束/碰撞开始阶段。