Petrogenesis and geodynamic evolution of the Kajan Neogene subvolcanic rocks,Nain, Central Iran

Kajan subvolcanic rocks in the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA), Central Iran, form a Late Miocene-Pliocene shallow-level intrusion. These subvolcanics correspond to a variety of intermediate and felsic rocks, comprising quartz diorite, quartz monzodiorite, tonalite and granite. These lithologies are medium-K calc-alkaline, with SiO₂ (wt.%) varying from 52% (wt.%) to 75 (wt.%). The major element chemical data also show that MgO, CaO, TiO₂, P₂O₅, MnO, Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ define linear trends with negative slopes against SiO₂, whilst Na₂O and K₂O are positively correlated with silica. Contents of incompatible trace elements (e.g. Ba, Rb, Nb, La and Zr) become higher with increasing SiO₂, whereas Sr shows an opposite behaviour. Chondrite-normalized multi-element patterns show enrichment in LILE relative to HFSE and troughs in Nb, P and Ti. These observations are typical of subduction related magmas that formed in an active continental margin. The Kajan rocks show a strong affinity with calc-alkaline arc magmas, confirmed by REE fractionation (La_N/Yb_N = 4.5–6.4) with moderate HREE fractionation (Sm_N/Yb_N = 1.08–1.57). The negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* <1), the low to moderate Sr content (< 400 ppm) and the Dy/Yb values reflect plagioclase and hornblende (+- clinopyroxene) fractionation from a calc-alkaline melt Whole–rock Sr and Nd isotope analyses show that the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr initial ratios vary from 0.704432 to 0.705989, and the ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd initial ratios go from 0.512722 to 0.512813. All the studied samples have similar Sr-Nd isotopes, indicating an origin from a similar source, with granite samples that has more radiogenic Sr and low radiogenic Nd isotopes, suggesting a minor interaction with upper crust during magma ascent. The Kajan subvolcanic rocks plot within the depleted mantle quadrant of the conventional Sr-Nd isotope diagram, a compositional region corresponding to mantle-derived igneous rocks.     

东昆北成矿带冰沟南铜镍矿辉长岩地球化学特征

通过对东昆北成矿带冰沟南铜镍矿辉长岩的全岩地球化学进行分析,以确定该岩体的岩石成因及其形成的构造环境。冰沟南辉长岩SiO_2的含量为49.72%~51.58%,岩石系列为钙碱性。稀土元素球粒陨石分配模式为轻稀土略富集型,δEu为1.26~1.54,轻微正Eu异常。岩石富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Ba、K,相对亏损P。岩体中的La/Sm、Th/La和Nb/U比值显示在就位过程中经历了一定程度的地壳混染。研究认为,岩体的岩浆源区为亏损地幔。结合区域演化,认为岩体形成于碰撞后伸展的背景。     

腾冲火山构造区马站岩浆囊地球物理特征的再探讨

云南腾冲火山盆地深部存在岩浆囊是人们关注的问题,多方面进行了大量的研究且存在不同意见。作者此前依据低电阻异常推断出位于小空山、大空山、黑空山等火山口的下部,深13~30 km范围内东西向25 km,南北向30km的低电阻率的岩浆囊,其东侧为大盈江断裂。文章利用反射地震、重力、航空磁测资料进一步探讨了岩浆囊的其他地球物理特征。由于火山喷发,不仅在火山口附近形成了局部物质亏损,而且,岩浆囊本身也亏损了岩浆物质,在重力上延图中滤去了表层的火山局部负重力异常后,呈现出大空山北侧的与低阻体相对应的负重力异常,这与岩浆囊高温熔融状态含水低密度物质有密切关系。整体的重力负异常印证了低阻岩浆囊的存在。腾冲马站岩浆囊的温度为397~651°C,平均温度为524°C,其主体中心部位不可能存在磁性体。对航磁资料的处理,消除表层火山岩影响后,仍然发现有较强磁异常,其平面投影范围与低阻体相近,推断磁异常是岩浆囊顶层,在15 km深度以上范围内,随着岩浆囊体温度逐步下降,当低于480°C以后会形成新的铁磁性矿物,因此,在囊体上层出现了范围与囊体相近的较强的磁性体。反射地震仅仅在浅部较清楚地观测到较连续的反射波界面,是浅部火山岩、含水层、以及花岗岩顶界面的反映。向深部反射界面很不连续推测是由于多次岩浆上涌,其喷发时间有先后,成分有差异,故岩浆囊物质的不均匀性,虽然由于含水、矿化、熔融体构成了低电阻的共性,可温度的不均匀,却又显示了不同期次岩浆成分有变化,由岩浆囊向地表的通道上,东部花岗岩下为高速,相对于较低温度的物质,在小空山、大空山和黑空山深部沿大盈江断裂带有东西两个大的隐伏花岗岩体之间是最新的火山喷发通道,具有相对低速的通道。     

Petrogenesis of mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) in the oligocene-miocene granitoid plutons from northwest Anatolia,Turkey

Mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) in host granitoids can provide important constraints on the deep magmatic processes. The Oligocene-Miocene granitoid plutons of the NW Anatolia contain abundant MMEs. This paper presents new hornblende Ar-Ar ages and whole-rock chemical and Sr-Nd isotope data of the MMEs from these granitic rocks. Petrographically, the MMEs are finer-grained than their host granites and contain the same minerals as their host rocks (amphibole + plagioclase + biotite + quartz + K-feldspar), but in different proportions. The Ar-Ar ages of the MMEs range from 27.9 ± 0.09 Ma to 19.3 ± 0.01 Ma and are within error of their respective host granitoids. The MMEs are metaluminous and calc-alkaline, similar to I-type granites. The Sr-Nd isotopes of MMEs are 0.7057 to 0.7101 for ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and 0.5123 to 0.5125 for ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, and are similar to their respective host granitoids. These lithological, petrochemical and isotopic characteristics suggest that the MMEs in this present study represent chilled early formed cogenetic hydrous magmas produced during a period of post-collisional lithospheric extension in NW Anatolia. The parental magma for MMEs and host granitoids might be derived from partial melting of underplated mafic materials in a normally thickened lower crust in a post-collisional extensional environment beneath the NW Anatolia. Delamination or convective removal of lithospheric mantle generated asthenospheric upwelling, providing heat and magma to induce hydrous re-melting of underplated mafic materials in the lower crust.     

The thermal maturity of sedimentary basins as revealed by magnetic mineralogy

The thermal evolution of sedimentary basins is usually constrained by maturity data, which is interpreted from Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance analytical results on field or boreholes samples. However, some thermal evolution models may be inaccurate due to the use of elevated maturities measured in samples collected within an undetected metamorphic contact aureole surrounding a magmatic intrusion. In this context, we investigate the maturity and magnetic mineralogy of 16 claystone samples from Disko-Svartenhuk Basin, part of the SE Baffin Bay volcanic margin. Samples were collected within thermal contact metamorphic aureoles near magma intrusions, as well as equivalent reference samples not affected by intrusions. Rock-Eval pyrolysis (T_max), and vitrinite reflectance (Ro) analysis were performed to assess the thermal maturity, which lies in the oil window when 435°C ≤ T_max ≤ 470°C and 0.6%–0.7% ≤ Ro ≤ 1.3%. In addition, we performed low- (<300K) and high-temperature (>300K) investigations of isothermal remanent magnetization to assess the magnetic mineralogy of the selected samples. The maturity results (0.37% ≤ Ro ≤ 2%, 22°C ≤ T_max ≤ 604°C) show a predominance of immature to early mature Type III organic matter, but do not reliably identify the contact aureole when compared to the reference samples. The magnetic assemblage of the immature samples consists of iron sulphide (greigite), goethite and oxidized or non-stoichiometric magnetite. The magnetic assemblage of the early mature to mature samples consists of stoichiometric magnetite and fine-grained pyrrhotite (<1 μm). These results document the disappearance of the iron sulphide (greigite) and increase in content of magnetite during normal burial. On the other hand, magnetite is interpreted to be the dominant magnetic mineral inside the contact aureole surrounding dyke/sill intrusions where palaeotemperatures indicate mature to over-mature state. Interestingly, the iron sulphide (greigite) is still detected in the contact aureole where palaeotemperatures exceeded 130°C. Therefore, the magnetic mineralogy is a sensitive method that can characterize normal burial history, as well as identify hidden metamorphic contact aureoles where the iron sulphide greigite is present at temperatures beyond its stability field.     

东南印度洋中脊澳大利亚-南极洲不整合带地区岩浆供应与构造作用沿洋脊的变化

We analyzed seafloor morphology and geophysical anomalies of the Southeast Indian Ridge(SEIR) to reveal the remarkable changes in magma supply along this intermediate fast-spreading ridge. We found systematic differences of the Australian-Antarctic Discordance(AAD) from adjacent ridge segments with the residual mantle Bouguer gravity anomaly(RMBA) being more positive, seafloor being deeper, morphology being more chaotic, M factors being smaller at the AAD. These systematic anomalies, as well as the observed Na_(8.0) being greater and Fe_(8.0) being smaller at AAD, suggest relatively starved magma supply and relatively thin crust within the AAD.Comparing to the adjacent ridges segments, the calculated average map-view M factors are relatively small for the AAD, where several Oceanic Core Complexes(OCCs) develop. Close to 30 OCCs were found to be distributed asymmetrically along the SEIR with 60% of OCCs at the northern flank. The OCCs are concentrated mainly in Segments B3 and B4 within the AAD at ～124°–126°E, as well as at the eastern end of Zone C at ～115°E. The relatively small map-view M factors within the AAD indicate stronger tectonism than the adjacent SEIR segments.The interaction between the westward migrating Pacific mantle and the relatively cold mantle beneath the AAD may have caused a reduction in magma supply, leading to the development of abundant OCCs.     

广西姑婆山里松花岗岩中闪长质包体的地球化学特征及其成因探讨

广西姑婆山里松花岗岩中广泛发育有大量的闪长质包体,包体的野外地质特征、显微结构、矿物组合及化学组成等特征显示其岩浆快速结晶成因。它们的主量元素在相关图上呈不同程度的直线变异关系。在微量元素方面,包体和寄主花岗岩都富含大离子亲石元素和高场强元素。用锆石饱和温度和角闪石成分估算了包体和寄主花岗岩结晶的温度和压力表明,它们的结晶温度和压力条件相近,分别在793—824℃和（3．5—5．1）×10^8Pa范围内。岩石学和同位素地球化学特征也表明,里松包体和寄主花岗岩基本同时结晶,但壳幔比例和来源有所不同。这些特征总体上说明了里松闪长质包体可能是两种岩浆混合时不完全消化的产物     

Distribution of large-scale detachment faults on mid-ocean ridges in relation to spreading rates

Large-scale detachment faults on mid-ocean ridges （MORs） provide a window into the deeper earth. They have megamullion on their corrugated surfaces, with exposed lower crustal and upper mantle rocks, rela- tively high residual Bouguer gravity anomaly and P-wave velocity, and are commonly associated with ocean- ic core complex. According to 30 detachment faults identified on MORs, we found that their distances to the axis mostly range from 5 to 50 km, half-spreading rates range from 6.8 to 17 mm/a, and activity time ranges from recent to 3 Ma. Most of the detachment faults are developed on the slow spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge （MAR） and ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge （SWIRl, with the dominant half-spreading rates of 7-13 mm/a, especially 10-13 mm/a. Furthermore, they mostly occur at the inside corner of one segment end and result in an asymmetric seafloor spreading. The detachment faults on MORs are mainly controlled by the tectonism and influenced by the magmatism. Long-lived detachment faults tend to be formed where the ridge magma supply is at a moderate level, although the tectonism is a first-order controlling factor. At the slow spreading ridges, detachment faults tend to occur where local magma supply is relatively low, whilst at the ultra-slow spreading ridges, they normally occur where local magma supply is relatively high. These faults are accompanied by hydrothermal activities, with their relationships being useful in the study of hydrothermal polymetallic sulfides and their origin.     

浙江沐尘石英二长岩体的岩石地球化学特征及构造意义

出露于江山-绍兴断裂带西南段东南侧的沐尘岩体,以发育暗色包体和环斑长石为特征,具有显著的岩浆混合作用.寄主岩为二长岩-石英二长岩组合,包体岩石为二长闪长岩.二长岩组合.造岩矿物有钾长石、斜长石、石英、普通角闪石和黑云母.岩石富碱(Na2O K2O=6.58%～10.42%,平均8.41%)、高钾(K2O/Na2O=0.72～1.45,平均1.16)、贫钛(TiO2=0.37%～1.22%,平均0.76%)、富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,具有钾玄质系列的岩石地球化学特征.该岩体侵位于后碰撞弧构造环境,是早白垩世早期该区重要的构造.岩浆热事件的产物.     

青藏高原东南缘次林错岩体晚白垩世—早新生代快速剥蚀

青藏高原东南缘是研究构造、地貌演化和气候变化相互作用的理想场所,前人研究主要揭示了晚始新世—早中新世和晚中新世以来的快速剥蚀事件,缺乏晚白垩世—早新生代时期地貌演化过程的研究。次林错花岗岩已有的低温热年代学数据覆盖了整个新生代时期,为探索该区域新生代早期的剥露演化历史提供了重要资料。该岩体新生代早期冷却事件是岩浆冷却单一作用的结果,还是受快速剥蚀作用的影响,目前仍然存疑,需要定量研究。因此,本文结合已有的岩石地化和年代学数据,对次林错花岗岩开展了锆石饱和温度和一维岩浆冷却模拟研究。锆石饱和温度计算结果表明次林错花岗岩的岩浆结晶温度介于647～705℃之间,属低温花岗岩。一维岩浆冷却模拟结果显示岩体侵位时的最小围岩温度为160～120℃,对应深度约为3.7～5.0 km。结合锆石和磷灰石(U-Th)/He年代学数据,本文认为该岩体在晚白垩世—早新生代时期(67～40 Ma)经历了一期剥蚀量至少为2 km的快速剥蚀事件。已发表成果的综合分析表明,此次快速剥露事件可能是整个青藏高原地区广泛存在的构造剥蚀事件,新特提斯洋的俯冲闭合与印亚板块的初始碰撞可能是触发此次大规模区域剥蚀的主要原因。