Spatial distribution characteristics of stable carbon isotope compositions in desert plant Reaumuria soongorica (Pall.) Maxim

In order to investigate the distribution characteristics of stable carbon isotope ratios (δ ¹³C) in the desert plant Reaumuria soongorica, the δ ¹³C values of leaves were measured in 407 individuals of 21 populations. Soil physicochemical properties including soil water content, soil total dissolved solids, soil total nitrogen, soil total phosphorus and soil organic content were also analyzed in order to survey the major factors influencing δ ¹³C values on spatial variation. Leaves and soil samples were simultaneously collected from the ten major distribution areas in Northwest China at altitudes from 394 m to 1 987 m above sea level, at latitudes from 36°10′N to 44°33′N, and at longitudes from 81°43′E to 106°37′E. These ten areas include Shihezi, Baicheng, Yiwu areas in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Anxi, Zhangye, Baiyin, Lanzhou areas in Gansu Province; Shapotou, Yinchuan areas in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region; and Alashan County in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The results show that the δ ¹³C value of R. soongorica ranges from −22.77‰ to −29.85‰ with an average of −26.52‰. Foliar d13C values in R. soongorica are not significantly correlated with altitude, latitude or longitude, and a spatial distribution trend of d13C values of R. soongorica is not obvious on a large scale. However, when d13C values of two R. soongorica populations under the same climate conditions are compared, δ ¹³C values increase obviously from east to west and from north to south. As none of the soil total dissolved solids, soil total nitrogen, soil total phosphorus, and soil organic content shows a uniform trend from east to west and from north to south, we suppose that the small-scaled spatial distribution pattern of δ ¹³C values of R. soongorica is mainly controlled by the soil water content. Translated from Quaternary Sciences, 2006, 26(6): 947–954 [译自: 第四纪研究]     

Progress in isotope paleohydrology using lake sediment cellulose

Recent advances in sample preparation techniques and mass spectrometry have fostered more routine oxygen isotope analysis of aquatic cellulose in lake sediment cores, a proxy for lake water oxygen isotope history. These methodological developments have significantly increased the feasibility of incorporating this approach into high-resolution, multi-site, and multi-proxy studies, which are frequently necessary to answer complex hydrological, hydroecological and hydroclimatic questions requiring a paleoenvironmental perspective. Direct translation of lake sediment aquatic cellulose oxygen isotope composition into lake water oxygen isotope composition offers appreciable opportunity for quantitative paleohydrological reconstructions, as evidenced by studies conducted over the past 15 years that span Holocene and pre-historical timescales.     

Thinking critically and creatively about focus groups

Focus groups are now widely used by human geographers conducting qualitative research, and are clearly recognised as an established research method within the discipline. Despite this, there is a lack of discussion about the various methodological issues involved in using focus groups. This paper aims to open up discussion by suggesting that there is a need to think critically and creatively about using focus groups in human geography. I draw upon my experience of conducting focus groups with young Muslim men in order to suggest some of the ways in which human geographers might think critically about using focus groups. Some of the issues discussed include group size, location, context and timing, sensitivity of topic, the age of research participants and the positionalities of the researcher.     

Crustacean zooplankton distribution patterns and their biomass as related to trophic indicators of 29 shallow subtropical lakes

A comparative limnological study was carried out to present a snapshot of crustacean zooplankton communities and their relations to environmental factors to test whether there is a consistent relationship between crustacean biomass and trophic indicators among lake groups with similar trophic conditions. The study lakes showed a wide range of trophic status, with total phosphorus (TP) ranging from 0.008 to 1.448 mg L⁻¹, and chlorophyll a from 0.7 to 146.1 μg L⁻¹, respectively. About 38 species of Crustacea were found, of which Cladocera were represented by 25 taxa (20 genera), and Copepoda by 13 taxa (11 genera). The most common and dominant species were Bosmina coregoni, Moina micrura, Diaphanosoma brachyurum, Cyclops vicinus, Thermocyclops taihokuensis, Mesocyclops notius and Sinocalanus dorrii. Daphnia was rare in abundance. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that except for four species (D. hyalina, S. dorrii, C. vicinus and M. micrura), almost all the dominant species had the same preference for environmental factors. Temperature, predatory cyclopoids and planktivorous fishes seem to be the key factors determining species distribution. TP was a relatively better trophic indicator than chlorophyll a to predict crustacean biomass. Within the three groups of lakes, however, there was no consistent relationship between crustacean biomass and trophic indicators. The possible reason might be that top-down and bottom-up control on crustaceans vary with lake trophic state. The lack of significant negative correlation between crustacean biomass and chlorophyll a suggests that there was little control of phytoplankton biomass by macrozooplankton in these shallow subtropical lakes.     

锂同位素质谱法测定及其样品制备研究进展

近几十年来，锂同位素比值的测量得到了快速的发展。影响锂同位素比值测定因素很多，特别是在测定过程中分馏现象和记忆效应等都会引起锂同位素测定比值很大的误差。简要总结了锂同位素组成的质谱测定以及从天然样品（主要是固体样品）中提取纯化锂的方法。着重介绍了锂同位素测定中样品带使用的进展，从单带涂样发展到三带涂样，大大降低了测定中的锂同位素分馏。本文还对各种涂样形式的使用进行了比较。     

SO4^2—、NO3^—对氯同位素测定的干扰及其消除

在石墨存在下用正热电离质谱法测定 Cs2 Cl+正离子是氯同位素测定的最佳方法 ,但实验过程中发现 ,SO42 - 和 NO3- 的存在对测定的干扰较严重。在系统地研究了 SO42 - 和 NO3- 对氯同位素测定影响的基础上 ,定性地给出了在 SO42 -和 NO3-影响下 ,部分仪器聚焦参数的变化 ,并对影响的机理做了一些解释。着重探讨了不产生影响的 SO42 - 和 NO3- 的最高浓度及 SO42 - 和 NO3- 的消除方法 ,以期指导相关的工作     

四川紫色雏形土的蒸发性及其与土壤结构性的关系

结合四川土壤基层分类 ,选取四川紫色雏形土的几个土系 ,对土壤的水分发性能及其与土壤结构性尤其是机械组成和微团聚体组成的相关关系分析发展 ,土壤水分蒸发具有明显的阶段性 ;土壤水分累积蒸发量与蒸发历时之间总体上符合乘幂方程 ;土壤蒸发速度与〈0 .0 0 1mm的颗粒含量呈明显相关关系 ,与 >0 .2 5mm的大团聚体含量呈明显负相关关系。     

西藏羌塘中央隆起区物质组成与构造演化

对羌塘中央隆起区的物质成分及构造演化规律的认识 ,涉及到青藏高原特提斯演化、羌塘盆地的形成发展及高原的隆升过程。对羌塘中央隆起区构造演化在认识上目前有较大分歧 ,主要有两种观点 :1)认为扎布 (察布 )—查桑地区发育裂谷 ,没有发育成特提斯洋盆 ;2 )龙木错—双湖 (—澜沧江 )古特提斯缝合带 ,代表古特提斯洋的闭合遗迹之一。基于对羌塘中央隆起区物质成分及属性 ,以及同位素年代学研究 ,将羌塘中央隆起中泥盆世—早白垩世的构造发展历史划分了六个阶段 ,即D2 —C11初始裂谷阶段 ;C21—C2 裂谷阶段 ;P1海底扩张—大洋化阶段 ;P2 —T2 板块汇聚—消减阶段 ;T3 —J1板块碰撞阶段 ;J2 —K1碰撞—整体抬升阶段。羌塘中央隆起构造演化经历了一个完整的威尔逊旋回     

应用碳、氦、氩同位素探讨济阳拗陷二氧化碳气成因

应用碳、氦、氩同位素和气体组分指标 ,以及流体包裹体测定等手段 ,结合济阳拗陷基本地质条件 ,提出二氧化碳气藏的二氧化碳气主要以幔源成因为主。     

矿物成因族的演化及其地质找矿信息

基于对胶东、晋北寒武纪变质岩系、超基性岩、基性岩、花岗岩类、火山岩类、硅铁建造铁矿、金矿蚀变带内 1 1个不同地质产状的 34个角闪石、 2 51个绿泥石、 60个黑云母单矿物的提纯 ,矿物的共生组合、物理性质、化学成分、X光衍射分析、热分析、红外吸收光谱分析、双矿物地质温度计、矿物压力计的测定 ,提出了角闪石、绿泥石、黑云母矿物成因族的地壳物质演化、成岩成矿作用、变质岩原岩恢复、地层对比、变质相、蚀变带的演化规律和地质找矿信息。