我国油页岩的成分和品级划分

根据我国21个油页岩产地,26个样品的分析数据,讨论了油页岩的含油率、灰分产率,灰分成分和密度等品级的划分,指出我国缺少高含油率页岩,提出中、低含油率油页岩的标准。并认为含油率在3.5~5.0%称含油页岩,含油率低于3.5%不应当作油页岩。油页岩灰分成分大多是硅铝质,因而灰熔点偏高。提出了油页岩灰分成分的分类表。指出我国油页岩的密度高于国外样品,原因是钙质成分含量较低。     

陕西柞水—山阳成矿带中酸性小岩体的地球化学研究

本成矿带内中酸性小岩体均为浅成—超浅成相、高温条件下岩浆结晶的产物。根据岩体及矿床中硫同位素、铅同位素成分及全岩稀土元素组成特征,判断成岩物质来源于地壳深部或上地慢。来自岩浆熔体的热水溶液是导致成矿的重要因素。     

红层砾石组分是区域地层对比的良好标志──以赣西北中─晚第三纪的砂砾岩为例

根据赣西北中─晚第三纪陆相紫红色砂砾岩岩性横向上不太稳定的特点，提出砾石成分的来源和成因特征可作为区域地层对比的标志，因为砾石成分作为风化和搬运的最终产物，它与基底母岩区是密不可分，又相互影响。     

蕴震系统自组织演化与构造微动态研究

蕴震系统是在多种环境动力因子作用下，由多个不同性质、不同层次的子系统强烈相互作用所形成的“复杂巨系统”或“复杂的非线性动力学系统”。本文概述了蕴震系统的自组织演化理论，提出并采用蕴震系统方向信息合成法研究了相应的构造微动态特征。     

广州白云山常绿阔叶林的结构特征

在线路调查和样方调查的基础上分析了广州白云山常绿阔叶林的结构特征.群落主要由亚热带科属组成,优势科为芸香科、五加科、茜草科、山茶科、壳斗科、鼠刺科、樟科等.优势树种也以相应的优势科属树种为主.群落中胸径≥3cm的个体密度较小,只有1964株/hm2;群落较为低矮,平均高度只有6m;乔木垂直分化不明显,树种水平分布不均.白云山的植被是次生植被和人工造林改造的结果,只在山谷少数植被没受人类干扰.其现状植被是天然次生植被和人工植被的混合体.在一些由马尾松发展起来的群落,天然侵入的阔叶树种已在主要层中居优势;群落中可见马尾松衰退的痕迹.     

Physicochemical properties of fine aerosols at Plan d'Aups during ESCOMPTE

The physical and chemical properties of aerosol particles were investigated at Plan d'Aups, one of the ESCOMPTE sites located in the St. Baume mountain area (700 m a.s.l.), 50 km east of Marseilles (France). The site is ideally located for assessing the vertical and horizontal extent of the pollution plume from the Marseilles–Berre area.Our study showed that polluted air masses from the Marseilles–Berre area are advected to Plan d'Aups in the early afternoon. Average daily concentration of particles reaches up to 40 μg m⁻³ while 1-h average particle number concentration is greater than 30,000 cm⁻³. Most of the particle mass is composed of SO₄²⁻ and organic carbon (OC). The chemical properties of the particles revealed that an additional source, possibly from the industrial area of Gardanne, contributes to the aerosol mass. This last source is characterised by significant emissions of elements, such as Zn, V, Al and Si.In addition to transport, we found that gas-to-particle conversion takes place at the interface between the free troposphere and the boundary layer. We estimated that on average, 30% of the particle number is accounted for by direct nucleation. This is potentially a major aerosol source to the free troposphere.     

吉林六批叶沟金矿石及金矿物特征研究

六批叶沟金矿石属少硫化物类型,金属矿物主要是黄铁矿,脉石矿物以石英、绿泥石、长石、绢云母为主;矿石常具晶质结构、压碎结构、交代结构以及浸染状、角砾状、细脉网脉状等构造.金矿物以银金矿、含银自然金为主,其形态以不规则状、尖角粒状、角粒状等居多,以中-细粒者常见;嵌布状态以粒间金为主,其次是包裹金和裂隙金.自然金中除Ag含量较高外,尚含有少量的Fe、Ni、Co、Cu、S等杂质,其成色为769.4‰,属自然元素类金-银系列矿物.     

干酪根化学降解产物的碳同位素组成研究

采用一系列温和的化学降解法对松辽盆地南部嫩江组烃源岩的干酪根进行连续的选择性化学降解，并对不同降解产物进行色谱—同位素比值质谱分析。研究表明碱性水解和脱硫产物以一元脂肪酸和正构烷烃为主，其中正构烷烃碳同位素分布曲线呈现一定的“负倾”（即随碳数增加呈现逐渐贫13C）趋势；一元脂肪酸以C16和C18为主，具有明显的偶碳优势，与同碳数的正构烷烃具有相似的碳同位素组成。氧化产物则以一元脂肪酸和α,ω 二元脂肪酸为主，一元脂肪酸低碳数部分呈现“负倾”趋势，高碳数部分则呈现“正倾”的趋势；α,ω 二元脂肪酸与低碳数的一元脂肪酸具有相似的分布，表明它们可能具有相同的母源。对比研究表明JL 30抽提物中正构烷烃可能存在混源的影响，其碳同位素组成是多源混合的结果。     

A method to estimate hydraulic conductivity from bulk geochemical compositions

A new method has been developed to estimate the hydraulic conductivity in unconsolidated aquifers. The method uses bulk geochemical compositions correlated with hydraulic conductivities measured by pumping tests. The concept is based on a general rule that hydraulic conductivity is principally controlled by grain-size distribution and particle shape,both of which relate to mineralogical composition. Using a MINLITH algorithm, normative mineralogical compositions can be derived from bulk geochemical compositions economically and expediently, and then correlated to the hydraulic conductivity determined by pumping tests in the field. In this study, 202 sediment samples from nine unconsolidated aquifers were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence. Although hydraulic conductivity does not show a definite relationship with geochemical compositions, it does demonstrate a linear logarithmic equation to the content of normative earthy minerals. However, linear regressed equations should not be applied to aquifers composed of medium to coarse sand and gravel sizes due to interference from lithic fragments. In addition, this equation tends to overestimate hydraulic conductivity possibly because the effect of compaction is ignored in this study.     

Principal stages in evolution of Precambrian organic world: Communication 1. Archean and Early Proterozoic

Expounded in this work are the results of critical consideration of published and original data on biologic nature and appearance chronology of different groups of Archean and Lower Proterozoic (3.5–1.65 Ga) paleontological remains known from geological record. Conclusions are substantiated by morphological analysis of structurally preserved microfossils, their facies distribution, and by inferable genesis and principal evolutionary trends of Archean stromatolites. A special attention is paid to variations of organic and carbonate carbon isotope composition in sedimentary successions with paleontological remains and to recent information about discovered, most ancient biomarkers of large groups of organic world. As a result of this approach, a detailed model of Precambrian organic world evolution is suggested.