有孔虫壳体的Mg/Ca比值在古环境研究中的应用

有孔虫壳体的Mg/Ca比值测定是目前估算海水古温度最受重视的方法,适用于低纬和高纬、表层和深层海水古温度的测定。该方法理论误差仅为±1.1℃,考虑到盐度以及海水pH值的影响,其误差为±1.3℃。运用此法推算出的热带海区表层海水温度领先于全球冰盖的变化,是热带过程调控冰期旋回最强有力的证据之一;与氧同位素相结合,还成功地运用于全球冰量的估算,是目前古环境研究中较常用的古温度测试手段。     

金川超镁铁质岩元素及稀有气体同位素地球化学特征

金川超镁铁质岩是金川铜镍硫化物矿床的赋存岩体．采自金川镍矿Ⅰ矿区露天矿第2期侵入岩体的样品其岩石类型主要为含二辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩，见镍黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿呈成条带状出现，表明其形成时低氧逸度的成岩环境。运用ICP—MS等离子质谱仪和MM5400稀有气体质谱仪分别对全岩样品的稀土元素、微量元素和包体稀有气体同位素进行测定后得到一些认识：金川超镁铁质岩的微量元素丰度与球粒陨石相比，变化曲线基本呈水平分布，但是地壳中高度亏损Cr，Ni元素含量较高，主要富集于超基性的辉石和橄榄石中，说明其成因类型具有明显的幔源特征。岩石中稀土元素总量较高，为轻稀土富集型．重稀土亏损。其中由深至浅稀土元素对La／Yb，Ce／Yb，La／Sm，(La／Sm)N的比值均基本呈现增大趋势．说明其中稀土元素分馏程度呈增大趋势，轻稀土的分馏尤为明显。超镁铁质岩的^3He／^4He值分布于0．847Ra～1．625Ra之间，虽远低于上地幔的^3He／^4He值．但仍存在地幔初始氦的踪迹。研究结果表明，该岩体在侵入过程中发生了明显的分异作用，并与地壳发生了的混染作用和热液交代作用．进一步证明了该岩体为上地幔局部熔融的超基性岩浆上侵形成的。     

新疆阿尔泰巴特巴克布拉克铁矿床成矿作用研究

巴特巴克布拉克铁矿床赋存于上志留-下泥盆统康布铁堡组变质火山-沉积岩系中, 近矿围岩为石榴子石矽卡岩、角闪斜长变粒岩和浅粒岩。矿体总体顺层分布, 呈似层状、透镜状及不规则状, 空间上与矽卡岩密切相关。流体包裹体研究表明, 矽卡岩阶段形成的石榴子石中发育纯气体包裹体、气体包裹体、液体包裹体、含子矿物包裹体及熔融包裹体; 退化蚀变阶段发育液体包裹体和少量气体包裹体; 石英-硫化物阶段主要发育液体包裹体、含液体CO₂的三相包裹体及少量纯气体包裹体、气体包裹体和含子矿物包裹体。矽卡岩阶段均一温度变化为217 ℃~499 ℃, 在255 ℃出现峰值, 盐度(NaCl_eq)变化为8.68%~22.65%; 退化蚀变阶段均一温度变化为181 ℃~432 ℃, 在225 ℃出现峰值, 盐度变化为12.85%~22.65%; 石英-硫化物阶段均一温度变化为140 ℃~482 ℃, 在155 ℃出现峰值, 盐度变化为0.18%~42.40%。石榴子石、石英和方解石的 δ¹⁸ O_SMOW 变化为1.8‰~7.1‰, δ¹⁸Ο_Η2Ο为 -4.79‰~4.57‰, δD_SMOW 为 -128‰~-84‰, 表明矽卡岩阶段成矿流体主要为岩浆水, 混合少量大气降水; 石英-硫化物阶段大气降水所占比例明显增加。方解石δ¹³ C_V-PDB 变化为 -3.2‰~-2.0‰, 表明流体中的碳来自深部或地幔。     

Petrology and geochemistry of the Karaj Dam basement sill: Implications for geodynamic evolution of the Alborz magmatic belt

The northeastward subduction of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere beneath the Iranian block produced vast volcanic and plutonic rocks that now outcrop in central (Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic assemblage) and north–northeastern Iran (Alborz Magmatic Belt), with peak magmatism occurring during the Eocene. The Karaj Dam basement sill (KDBS), situated in the Alborz Magmatic Belt, comprises gabbro, monzogabbro, monzodiorite, and monzonite with a shoshonitic affinity. These plutonic rocks are intruded into the Karaj Formation, which comprise pyroclastic rocks dating to the lower–upper Eocene. The geochemical and isotopic signatures of the KDBS rocks indicate that they are cogenetic and evolved through fractional crystallization. They are characterized by an enrichment in LREEs relative to HREEs, with negative Nb–Ta anomalies. Geochemical modeling using Sm/Yb versus La/Yb and La/Sm ratios suggests a low-degree of partial melting of a phlogopite–spinel peridotite source to generate the KDBS rocks. Their low I_Sr = 0.70453–0.70535, ɛNd (37.2 Ma) = 1.54–1.9, and T_DM ages ranging from 0.65 to 0.86 Ga are consistent with the melting of a Cadomian enriched lithospheric mantle source, metasomatized by fluids derived from the subducted slab or sediments during magma generation. These interpretations are consistent with high ratios of ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.43–18.67, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.59, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.42–38.71, indicating the involvement of subducted sediments or continental crust. The sill is considered to have been emplaced in an environment of lithospheric extension due to the slab rollback in the lower Eocene. This extension led to localized upwelling of the asthenosphere, providing the heat required for partial melting of the subduction-contaminated subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the Alborz magmatic belt. Then, the shoshonitic melt generates the entire spectrum of KDBS rocks through assimilation and fractional crystallization during the ascent of the magma.     

多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱Cu同位素测定中的干扰评估

多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱（MC—ICP—MS）是高精度测定铜同位素的新方法,然而在测定中也可能存在干扰。为此对MC—ICPMS Cu同位素测定中的可能干扰进行了评估。主要包括以下方面的内容：（1）对所用标准物质和试剂进行了纯化,所用标准物质和试剂对Cu同位素的同质异位素干扰可以忽略;（2）运用K和／参数进行了讨论,其中K为样品中的Cu浓度与标准溶液中Cu浓度的比值,f为在一定Cu浓度的标准溶液中干扰信号相对于^63Cu真实信号的比值。理论模拟表明,当K值小于1时,即使在质量为63处的干扰很小,对ε^65 Cu的影响也可能很大;（3）通过对理论模拟结果与实际测定结果的对比,发现对所用的试剂而言质量数为65的干扰可以忽略不计;（4）实际测定结果表明,当样品中Cu的浓度是标样中Cu的浓度的0．5～4倍时,测试获得的样品的ε^65值与其真值在误差范围内一致;（5）对潜在的基质效应重点研究了Fe和Co对Cu同位素测定的影响。实验结果表明,当Fe／Cu〈100,Co／Cu〈7时,Fe,Co不影响Cu同位素比值的测定;（6）10个月的重现性研究结果为ε^65=3．5±1．0（2SD）。该测定值在误差范围内与文献报道的值一致     

硝酸盐氮氧同位素反硝化细菌法测试研究

进入21世纪,硝酸盐氮氧同位素测试技术的显著进展是反硝化细菌法测试技术的建立。反硝化细菌法具有可同时分析浓度低至μg/L的硝酸盐氮氧同位素组成、免去复杂的样品预处理、分析时间大大缩短以及从复杂溶液中只转化NO3-为N2O等优点。实验过程由细菌挑选和培养、样品NO3-转化为N2O、N2O提取纯化、同位素测试以及同位素测试结果校正等几个关键步骤组成。国外研究结果显示该技术不仅可用于海水和淡水中硝酸盐同位素测试,而且还可用于土壤样品,并得到不断的完善和应用;国内建立了这一技术,在包气带和地下水硝酸盐污染研究中取得重要进展。由于该技术诸多优点,建议大力促进这一技术在我国的研究和应用,希望有关部门加大支持力度,进一步完善该技术并推广应用。     

REE, Mn, Fe, Mg and C, O Isotopic Geochemistry of Calcites from Furong Tin Deposit, South China: Evidence for the Genesis of the Hydrothermal Ore-forming Fluids

The Furong tin deposit in the central Nanling region, South China, consists of three main types of mineralization ores, i.e. skarn-, altered granite- and greisen-type ores, hosted in Carboniferous and Permian strata and Mesozoic granitic intrusions. Calcite is the dominant gangue mineral intergrown with ore bodies in the orefield. We have carried out REE, Mn, Fe, and Mg geochemical and C, and O isotopic studies on calcites to constrain the source and evolution of the ore-forming fluids. The calcites from the Furong deposit exhibit middle negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*= 0.311–0.921), except for one which has an Eu/Eu* of 1.10, with the total REE content of 5.49–133 ppm. The results show that the calcites are characterized by two types of REE distribution patterns: a LREE-enriched pattern and a flat REE pattern. The LREE-enriched pattern of calcites accompanying greisen-type ore and skarn-type ore are similar to those of Qitianling granite. The REE, Mn, Fe, and Mg abundances of calcites exhibit a decreasing tendency from granite rock mass to wall rock, i.e. these abundances of calcites associated with altered granite-type and greisen-type ores are higher than those associated with skarn-type ores. The calcites from primary ores in the Furong deposit show large variation in carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions. The δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O of calcites are −0.4 to −12.7‰ and 2.8 to 16.4‰, respectively, and mainly fall within the range between mantle or magmatic carbon and marine carbonate. The calcites from greisen and altered granite ores in the Furong deposit display a negative correlation in the diagram of δ¹³C versus δ¹⁸O, probably owing to the CO₂-degassing of the ore-forming fluids. From the intrusion to wall-rock, the calcites display an increasing tendency with respect to δ¹³C values. This implies that the carbon isotopic compositions of the ore-bearing fluids have progressively changed from domination by magmatic carbon to sedimentary carbonate carbon. In combination with other geological and geochemical data, we suggest that the ore-forming fluids represent magmatic origin. We believe that the fluids exsolved from fractionation of the granitic magma, accompanying magmatism of the Qitianling granite complex, were involved in the mineralization of the Furong tin polymetallic deposit.     

History of crustal growth and recycling at the Pacific convergent margin of South America at latitudes 29°–36° S revealed by a U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotope study of detrital zircon from late Paleozoic accretionary systems

Detrital zircon provides a powerful archive of continental growth and recycling processes. We have tested this by a combined laser ablation ICP-MS U–Pb and Lu–Hf analysis of homogeneous growth domains in detrital zircon from late Paleozoic coastal accretionary systems in central Chile and the collisional Guarguaráz Complex in W Argentina. Because detritus from a large part of W Gondwana is present here, the data delineate the crustal evolution of southern South America at its Paleopacific margin, consistent with known data in the source regions.Zircon in the Guarguaráz Complex mainly displays an U–Pb age cluster at 0.93–1.46 Ga, similar to zircon in sediments of the adjacent allochthonous Cuyania Terrane. By contrast, zircon from the coastal accretionary systems shows a mixed provenance: Age clusters at 363–722 Ma are typical for zircon grown during the Braziliano, Pampean, Famatinian and post-Famatinian orogenic episodes east of Cuyania. An age spectrum at 1.00–1.39 Ga is interpreted as a mixture of zircon from Cuyania and several sources further east. Minor age clusters between 1.46 and 3.20 Ga suggest recycling of material from cratons within W Gondwana.The youngest age cluster (294–346 Ma) in the coastal accretionary prisms reflects a so far unknown local magmatic event, also represented by rhyolite and leucogranite pebbles. It sets time marks for the accretion history: Maximum depositional ages of most accreted metasediments are Middle to Upper Carboniferous. A change of the accretion mode occurred before 308 Ma, when also a concomitant retrowedge basin formed.Initial Hf-isotope compositions reveal at least three juvenile crust-forming periods in southern South America characterised by three major periods of juvenile magma production at 2.7–3.4 Ga, 1.9–2.3 Ga and 0.8–1.5 Ga. The ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf of Mesoproterozoic zircon from the coastal accretionary systems is consistent with extensive crustal recycling and addition of some juvenile, mantle-derived magma, while that of zircon from the Guarguaráz Complex has a largely juvenile crustal signature. Zircon with Pampean, Famatinian and Braziliano ages (< 660 Ma) originated from recycled crust of variable age, which is, however, mainly Mesoproterozoic. By contrast, the Carboniferous magmatic event shows less variable and more radiogenic ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf, pointing to a mean early Neoproterozoic crustal residence. This zircon is unlikely to have crystallized from melts of metasediments of the accretionary systems, but probably derived from a more juvenile crust in their backstop system.     

Jurassic magmatism related Pb-Zn-W-Mo polymetallic mineralization in the central Nanling Range,South China: Geochronologic,geochemical, and isotopic evidence from the Huangshaping deposit

The Nanling Range in South China is characterized by extensive Mesozoic magmatism and coeval nonferrous and rare metal mineralization. Huangshaping is a world-class Pb-Zn-W-Mo polymetallic skarn deposit in the central Nanling Range. Magmatic rocks occurring in this ore district include quartz porphyry, granite porphyry, granophyre, dacite porphyry, and aplite, with only the first three granitoids genetically associated with polymetallic mineralization. Most of the orebodies are constrained within the contact zones as skarn and veins between these granitic stocks and the carbonate wall rocks.Since the age of the quartz porphyry is still controversial, and studies of the dacite porphyry and aplite are absent, we focus on these magmatic rocks first. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating suggests that the crystallization ages of the quartz porphyry, dacite porphyry, and aplite are 154.3 ± 1.9 Ma, 158.1 ± 0.8 Ma, and 148.4 ± 3.4 Ma, respectively. Combined with previously published age data, we infer the evolutionary sequence of magmatic rocks should be dacite porphyry → quartz porphyry → granite porphyry (granophyre) → aplite. The quartz porphyry, dacite porphyry, and aplite yield high contents of high field strength elements (Zr + Nb + Ce + Y = 255–440 ppm), high ratios of 10,000 × Ga/Al (2.6–3.2), and prominent depletions in Ba, Sr, Eu, P, and Ti, indicating their crustal affinities to A-type granites. They have negative ε_Nd(t) values (−9.4 to −7.0) and high initial Pb isotopic ratios (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_i = 18.307–18.644, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_i = 15.689–15.742, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_i = 38.589–38.986), suggesting that they were probably derived by partial melting of ancient granulitic crustal materials.The sulfide minerals exhibit a wide range of δ³⁴S_V-CDT values from −22.6 to 24.2‰, with ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb of 17.669–19.708, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb of 15.492–15.714, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb of 37.880–39.789, indicating that sulfur, lead, and other associated metals were derived from a mixture of magmatic components and the Carboniferous wall rocks. Fluid inclusions in pyrrhotite, sphalerite, and marmatite samples have ³He/⁴He ratios of 0.12 to 1.53 Ra, with calculated mantle helium proportions of 1.3 to 18.9%, indicating a predominantly crustal origin for the ore fluids, with minor inputs from the mantle. The Huangshaping deposit is a typical example of the genetic relationship both spatially and temporally between Jurassic magmatism and polymetallic metallogeny in the Nanling Range.     

运用H、O同位素分析石阡地区地热水来源

通过对贵州省石阡地区地热水、冷泉及河流的地热地质条件、水化学成分及氢氧同位素分析,对该地区的地热水、冷泉及河流的水化学特征、来源及石阡地区的补给模式进行了研究.温泉水属于低中矿化度的弱碱性水;温泉群中阳离子以Ca2+、Mg2+为主,阴离子以SO42-和HCO3-为主,研究区水化学类型主要为HCO3-Ca和SO4.HCO...