Structural modeling and testing of a concrete canoe

A finite element model is set up and experimental tests are performed to help understand the behavior of a concrete canoe and subsequently optimize its design. First, the performance criteria that must be satisfied to participate at the annual ASCE/Master Builders competition are described. Then, the finite element model and the different loading cases that were studied are presented. Results from these loading cases are discussed and used to optimize the material properties as well as the thickness of the hull and the dimensions of the gunwale and reinforcing ribs. Static and dynamic experimental tests were also conducted to validate the results of the finite element analyses. The results indicate that the main stresses and strains are caused by the static load cases. The additional stresses caused during races are small.     

Numerical modeling of nonlinear water waves over heterogeneous porous beds

The transformation of nonlinear water waves over porous beds is studied by applying a numerical model based on Chen's [2006. Fully nonlinear Boussinesq-type equations for waves and currents over porous beds. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 132:2, 220–230] Boussinesq-type equations for highly nonlinear waves on permeable beds. The numerical model uses a high-order time-marching solution and fourth-order finite-difference schemes for discretization of first-order spatial derivatives to obtain a computational accuracy consistent with the model equations. By forcing the wave celerity and spatial porous-damping rate of the linearized model to match the exact linear theory for horizontal porous bed over a prescribed range of relative depths, the values of the model parameters are optimally determined. Numerical simulations of the damped wave propagation over finite-thickness porous layer demonstrate the accuracy of both the numerical model and governing equations, which have been shown by prior theoretical analyses to be accurate for both nominal and thick porous layers. These simulations also elucidate on the significance of the higher-order porous-damping terms and the influence of the hydraulic parameters. Application of the model to the simulation of the wave field around a laboratory-scale submerged porous mound provides a measure of its capability, as well as useful insight into the scaling of the porous-resistance coefficients. For application to heterogeneous porous beds, the assumption of weak spatial variation of the porous resistance is examined using truncated forms of the governing equations. The results indicate that the complete set of Boussinesq-type equations is applicable to porous beds of nonhomogeneous makeup.     

An experimental study on non-linear progressive wave-induced dynamic stresses in seabed

In this study, the dynamic stresses within the seabed induced by non-linear progressive waves were explored through a series of hydraulic model tests on a movable bed within a wave flume. By comparing Stokes’ 2nd-order wave theory with the theory of wave-induced dynamic stresses within the seabed as proposed by Yamamoto et al. [1978. On the response of a poro-elastic bed to water waves. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 87 (1), 193–206.] and Hsu and Jeng [1994. Wane-induced soil response in an unsaturated anisotropic seabed of finite thickness. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 18, 785–807], the experimental results show that the pressure on the seabed surface, the pore water pressure within the seabed as well as the vertical and the horizontal stresses are all smaller than their theoretical values. If we were to obtain the characteristics of seabed soil, the analytical solution of Hsu and Jeng [1994. Wane-induced soil response in an unsaturated anisotropic seabed of finite thickness. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 18, 785–807] might agree to the simulation of the wave-induced effective stresses and shear stress in the sandy seabed. A different phase shift exists among all the three soil stresses. Their influences on the three dynamic stresses within seabed soil are important for seabed stability, and can be used in the verification of numerical models. In the whole, the non-linear progressive waves and the naturally deposited seabed are found to have a strong interaction, and the behavior of the induced dynamic stresses within the seabed is very complicated, and should be investigated integrally.     

海洋信息组织与存储模型研究及其在"数字海洋"中的应用

基于中国数字海洋建设的经验和成果,制定了海洋数据要素的分类方案,将海洋信息分为5大类:海洋点要素、海洋线要素、海洋面要素、海洋网格要素、海洋动态要素.采用基于特征的方法和面向对象的技术设计了适合数字海洋大型信息系统工程建设的时空数据模型,探讨了海洋空间数据模型、海洋立体格网数据模型、关系数据模型在数字海洋数据仓库建设中...     

漳浦县旧镇梅宅村海水入侵的动力系统模型研究

用简化动力系统模型模拟海水入侵,评估未来漳浦县旧镇梅宅村海水入侵的发展趋势,提出减缓和预防海水入侵的措施,并预测监测点海水入侵的矿化度.结果表明:要减缓海水入侵的速度需要8 a时间,矿化度变为6.243 0 g/L,这表明如果发生海水入侵,恢复的时间比较漫长.但通过增加淡水水源,并淡水水头水位保持在6.2个单位(1单位...     

Development and application of an operational tide and storm surge prediction model for the seas around Taiwan

Storm surges are abnormal rises in sea level along coastal areas and are mainly formed by strong wind and atmospheric depressions.When storm surges coincide with high tide,coastal flooding can occur.Creating storm surge prediction systems has been an important and operational task worldwide.This study developed a coupled tide and storm surge numerical model of the seas around Taiwan for operational purposes at the Central Weather Bureau.The model was calibrated and verified by using tidal records from seas around Taiwan.Model skill was assessed based on measured records,and the results are presented in details.At 3-minute resolution,tides were generally well predicted,with the root mean-square errors of less than 0.11 m and an overall correlation of more than 0.9.Storms(winds and depressions) were introduced into the model forcing by using the parameter typhoon model.Five typical typhoons that threatened Taiwan were simulated for assessment.The surges were well predicted compared with the records.     

复杂岛屿海域的台风浪局地特征模拟与分析——以舟山海域为例

为了研究舟山海域复杂地形条件下的台风浪特征,在高分辨数值模拟中采用了利用海图资料处理复杂岛屿地形分布的方法,利用WAVEWATCHⅢ和SWAN模式相嵌套模拟了影响该海域的西北行路径的典型台风浪过程.分析表明,舟山海域的东南部、东北部、西北部、内部海域受台风的影响各不相同,台风浪特征分布与海域的岛屿分布、水深分布等因素密...     

基于高光谱的射阳河口悬浮泥沙浓度定量反演研究

通过提取高光谱遥感信息,对射阳河口悬浮泥沙浓度与实测光谱及Hyperion影像光谱反射率进行了相关性分析,结果表明：射阳河口含沙水体对实测光谱反射率的敏感波段为898～904nm,对光谱分辨率为10nm的Hyperion影像敏感波段正好位于896nm处,以此构建的指数模型,其相关指数达到0．89。模型的检验显示,相对根均方差值为38．78％,表明单波段896nm对预测射阳河口的悬沙质量浓度具有良好的精度。由于试验取样时间与Hyperion影像的成像时间相匹配,此时水流场较稳定,河口水体中的泥沙运移与扩散规律与影像解译结果相似,即：近岸悬沙质量浓度高,远海浓度低;河口南侧由于属于淤长性海岸,悬沙质量浓度比北侧高。研究结果为利用高光谱分析技术构建海洋悬沙含量的定量反演模型提供了可靠依据,也为海洋水体其他物质成分的定量反演奠定了基础。     

基于MPI的LAGFD-WAM海浪数值模式并行算法研究

在LAGFD-WAM海浪串行数值模式基础上,利用MPI信息传递机制实现其并行化。通过对模拟区域合理划分,对数据采取分块加载,实现了各个节点的负载平衡;通过对算法的改进实现了粗粒度计算,大幅度减少了通信量,从而提高了程序的执行效率。对串行计算和并行计算的效率比较表明,本文建立的方法能够得到较高的加速比。对全球海浪模式,加速比和CPU数目大致呈线性关系。对高分辨率的区域海浪模式,在128 CPU条件下加速比可以达到91.9。     

连云港近岸海域物理自净能力研究及水质预测——Ⅲ.西大堤建成后对物质输运的影响

在连云港近岸海域计算潮流场基础上建立拉格朗日余流模型,并对连云港市两大堤建成前后的拉格朗日余流变化进行了分析,且选择有代表性的排污口进行了数值跟踪。