数字化射线扫描成像中的图像评价与控制初探

数字射线技术正获得越来越广泛的应用,并成为射线检测技术的发展趋势。但目前有关数字射线技术的标准对于图像质量控制方面的规定还相对简单,难于进行有效的质量控制,因而在实际检测中可能出现较大的随意性而影响检测结果评判。使用互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)线阵列射线探测器与阶梯试块进行射线检测实验,得到了不同厚度所对应的灰度图像,测试了影像对比度,同时分析了图像的信噪比和检测灵敏度。通过对实验结果的综合对比分析,提出了数字化射线检测图像质量控制措施。     

CMOS图像传感器在太阳磁场观测中的应用研究

磁场是太阳物理的第1观测量,当前太阳磁场观测研究正迈向大视场、高时空分辨率、高偏振测量精度以及空间观测的时代.中国首颗太阳观测卫星—先进天基太阳天文台(ASO-S)也配置了具有高时空分辨率、高磁场灵敏度的全日面矢量磁像仪(FMG)载荷,针对FMG载荷的需求,讨论了大面阵、高帧频互补金属氧化物半导体(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, CMOS)图像传感器应用于太阳磁场观测的可行性.首先,基于滤光器型太阳磁像仪观测的原理,比较分析了目前CMOS图像传感器(可用的或是可选的两种快门模式)的特点,指出全局快门类型更适合FMG;其次搭建了CMOS传感器实验室测试系统,测量了CMOS图像传感器的像素增益及其分布规律;最后在怀柔太阳观测基地的全日面太阳望远镜上开展了实测验证,获得预期成果.在这些研究基础上,形成了FMG载荷探测器选型方向.     

CMOS Detector Technology

An entry level overview of state-of-the-art CMOS detector technology is presented. Operating principles and system architecture are explained in comparison to the well-established CCD technology, followed by a discussion of important benefits of modern CMOS-based detector arrays. A number of unique CMOS features including different shutter modes and scanning concepts are described. In addition, sub-field stitching is presented as a technique for producing very large imagers. After a brief introduction to the concept of monolithic CMOS sensors, hybrid detectors technology is introduced. A comparison of noise reduction methods for CMOS hybrids is presented. The final sections review CMOS fabrication processes for monolithic and vertically integrated image sensors.     

Conversion Gain and Interpixel Capacitance of Cmos Hybrid Focal Plane Arrays

The conversion gain of optical and infrared focal plane CMOS hybrid arrays is a fundamental parameter, whose value computes into the derivation of other parameters characterizing the performance of a detector. The widespread “noise squared versus signal” method used to obtain the conversion gain can overestimate the nodal capacitance of the detector pixel by more than 20% for infrared arrays and by more than 100% for Si-PIN diode arrays. This is because this method does not take account of the capacitive coupling between neighboring pixels. A simple technique has been developed to measure the nodal capacitance directly by comparing the voltage change of an external calibrated capacitor with the voltage change on the nodal capacitor of the detector pixel. The method is elaborated in detail and has been verified with a Si-PIN diode array hybridized to a Hawaii-2RG multiplexer using an Fe ⁵⁵ X-ray source. It is also in good agreement with a stochastic method based on 2D autocorrelation.     

Scientific CMOS Pixels

High performance CMOS pixels are introduced; and their development is discussed. 3T (3-transistor) photodiode, 5T pinned diode, 6T photogate and 6T photogate back illuminated CMOS pixels are examined in detail, and the latter three are considered as scientific pixels. The advantages and disadvantages of these options for scientific CMOS pixels are examined. Pixel characterization, which is used to gain a better understanding of CMOS pixels themselves, is also discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

嵌入式技术在水稻花粉图像自动采集中的应用

传统监测采集水稻花粉的方法所需的工作量非常大,而且不能获得安全评估模型所需的水稻花粉时空分布精度的实测资料.为此研制出一种便携式的既不干扰花粉的自然沉降,又可以实时获得当前空间水稻花粉浓度的水稻花粉图像自动采集仪.仪器以ARM芯片为核心构建的嵌入式Linux平台为基础,外部扩展了Camera、SD存储卡和步进电机等设备,满足了实验所需的基本功能.水稻花粉图像自动采集仪完全模仿人工采集花粉数据的过程,不会破坏花粉在空间的分布情况,可以准确获得水稻花粉的空间实时分布.仪器采集的水稻花粉空间分布数据完全符合了安全评估所需,丰富了水稻花粉扩散模型数据库的资料,节省了人力资源,为转基因水稻安全性监测和评估提供了有力的帮助.     

浅谈计算机CMOS密码的破解

在介绍计算机ROM BIOS和CMOS RAM的工作原理和特性的基础上,阐述了几种简单易行的破译或者摧毁开机密码和CMOS密码的方法.