统一上海工程地质分层编号的讨论

地层的工程地质统一划分和编号是一项标准化工作。和所有的标准化工作一样,应具有科学性、通用性和严肃性,应体现地区工程地质勘察水平。上海的工作应以已完成的上海地区第四纪地层分层研究成果为基础,直观地反映各组地层的工程地质性质的差异。应注意各地段地质结构的差别。并避免由於各地地层的差异性和地层编号上人为的多层编码所产生的混乱。     

马斯京根法洪水演进反演计算方法的探讨

从计算理论上系统分析和认识了马斯京根法洪水演进反演计算算法产生的坏条件,通过引入样条函数辅助进行修匀处理和对于x数值小的情况采用反演正算的算法,使得马斯京根法洪水演进反演计算可以进行多段连续演算并具有好的效果,在工程水文设计计算中具有实用价值。     

锥束CT的CT值标定方法

CT值是医学CT重建图像的一个必备要素,在某些场合下已成为医生诊断疾病的辅助工具,比如骨密度测量、图像分割与识别等。本文介绍一种锥束CT的CT值转换方法。借助Sedentex CT模体,分别获得5种材料的标称CT值和锥束CT衰减系数重建值,并经线性拟合,建立起标称CT值和衰减系数重建值之间的转换方程。最后,分析对比度噪声比和图像灰度值均匀性偏差在CT值转换后的变化情况。     

一次东北冷涡过程的宏微观物理特征分析

利用2019年5月20日机载DMT和SPEC粒子测量系统获取的飞机云微物理探测资料,结合高空、地面、卫星云图产品等常规气象数据,分析了东北冷涡在发展成熟期的云宏微观结构特征。结果表明:飞机探测区域为冷性层积混合云,云水充沛。云粒子探头(CDP)和二维云粒子图像探头(CIP)探测到的最大粒子数浓度分别为362.10cm-3、191.08L-1,液态含水量变化范围为0~0.88g/m3;CDP粒子谱呈指数型下降,谱宽较窄;CIP粒子谱呈双峰结构。云粒子图像探测仪CPI表明,层积云上部主要为冰雪晶粒子,以冰晶的核化和凝华增长为主;中上部粒子主要为小冰晶形态,也有冰晶聚合体和枝状冰晶;中下部是过冷水和冰晶粒子的共存区,过冷水较为丰富。     

雅安雨量站站网布设优化试验

雨量监测的准确性对天气预报、气候变化、服务决策、防灾减灾等有着重要的影响和意义,而雨量站网布设直接影响雨量监测的准确性。选取四川省雅安市作为研究对象,在现有站网布设的基础上,采用相关性分析,提出基于抽站的站网布设优化方法,并对抽站后的站网布设合理性进行评价。结果表明：(1)雅安雨量站有265站,各站点的控制面积为2.64～510.78 km²,邻近站间距离为0.3～12.28 km,邻近站间降水相关系数为0.62～0.993;(2)逐次抽站后,雨量站控制面积和邻近站间距离逐渐增大,邻近站点间降水相关系数逐渐减小;(3)抽站后站网面雨量与原站网面雨量较一致,误差较小,泰森多边形法面雨量变化幅度小于算术平均法;(4)从降水过程来看,各次抽站后,降水落区和各量级降水范围基本一致,站网对降水极值的捕捉能力较好,误差较小,但随着站点数的减少,对于降水形态刻画的精细程度有所下降。     

Advection in plankton models with variable elemental ratios

As ocean biogeochemical models evolve to permit the elemental composition of plankton populations and dissolved organic matter to vary, each element is normally assigned a separate state variable, which is advected and mixed independently of the others. In a population of cells with varying elemental quotas, the proper currency of the advection operator is subpopulations of similar cells. The spatial gradient in total C, N, or P summed over the spectrum of such subpopulations is identical to that calculated for the population means, so treating the various elements as independent should generally be a valid approximation. However, errors can arise in high-order advection schemes with nonlinear corrector terms, which are not additive across the subpopulations. Some numerical examples indicate that these errors are relatively small [O(10⁻³–10⁻⁴)] but can be as high as O(10⁻²) in certain cases. As grid resolution varies, the error scales approximately to the Courant number.     

Observations and simulations of an unsteady island wake in the Firth of Forth, Scotland

Beamer Rock, a 50-m-wide island in the Firth of Forth, produces a distinctive von Kármán vortex street wake, the characteristics of which depend on the speed and direction of the tidal flow. ADCP (acoustic Doppler current profiler), CTD (conductivity–temperature–depth) and aerial photograph data were collected from the region during flood and ebb tidal flow under neap and spring conditions. Good agreement was found between the observations and the results from a fixed-grid depth-averaged numerical tidal model. The island wake parameter correctly predicted the unsteady nature of the wake, and the Strouhal number (defined in terms of flow past a circular cylinder) was found to give excellent predictions of the wake wavelength when scaled on the island width. Contrary to published results, the study shows that it is possible to accurately simulate an unsteady island wake using a relatively coarse fixed-grid numerical model.Responsible Editor: Jens Kappenberg     

中国雨季的一种客观定量划分

从客观分析角度出发,利用有序样本最优分割法对中国610个台站的气候平均（1961—2010年）候降水序列进行有序分割,给出中国不同区域的雨季定量划分。根据中国13个区域候降水量的气候平均值分布特征,并基于有序样本最优分割法的划分结果需同时满足分割段内波动小、段间差异大的要求,确定了各区域的合理分割数,通过制定3种雨季划分方案,对中国区域雨季进行了细致的定量划分。第1种方案将全年降水划分为雨季和旱季,结果表明,雨、旱两季差异明显的地区出现在华南西部沿海和新疆邻近区域;第2种方案将全年降水划分为雨季相对干期、雨季相对湿期和旱季3个降水阶段,这种特征出现的区域为华南大部分地区、江南地区、长江中下游地区、西南地区东部和南部,以及西北地区中东部;第3种方案将全年降水划分为春雨季、主雨季、秋雨季和旱季,出现这种特征的区域为长三角及淮河流域、黄淮和华北地区、东北地区、西北地区中部、内蒙古地区西部、青藏高原中东部及其以东地区。与已有的中国不同区域降水特征研究结果的比较表明,有序样本最优分割法不仅对中国雨季的划分客观有效,且其划分结果合理并具有明确的气象意义。     

Calculation Of The Height Of The Stable Boundary Layer In Practical Applications

Currently used and newly proposed calculation techniques for the heightof the stable boundary layer (SBL), including the bulk-Richardson-numbermethod, diagnostic equations for the equilibrium SBL height, and a relaxation-typeprognostic equation, are discussed from the point of view of their physical basis andrelevance to experimental data. Among diagnostic equations, the best fit to data exhibits an advanced Ekman-layer height model derived recently with due regard to the role of the free-flow stability. Its extension to non-steady regimes provides a prognostic equation recommended for use in practical applications.     

The Effect of Weak Shear－induced Motion on Brownian Coagulation of Aerosol Particles

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