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101.
海浪日最大波高序列的一种标度性质 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用重标度分析方法研究小麦岛海洋观测站1961-1980年二十年海浪日最大波高序列时发现,该序列并不是相互独立的,而是具有记忆性和持久性,详细的论证表明分式布朗运动模型是描述海浪日最大波高序列的一个较好的模型,同时,应用分式布朗运动模型我们找到了存在于海浪日最大波高序列中的一种标度性质-累积离差(t)的统计自仿射性。 相似文献
102.
103.
This paper discusses the use of Hermite polynomial in the derivation of statistical properties of waves, wave field kinematics and dynamics and wave forces under various conditions. Specifically, covariance functions and approximate spectra are obtained for (1) wave force on vertical cylinder according to Morison's formula, (2) horizontal fluid particle velocity considering the effects of free surface fluctuations, and (3) elevation of breaking waves. 相似文献
104.
Louis W. Botsford Cathryn A. Lawrence Edward P. Dever Alan Hastings John Largier 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2006,53(25-26):3116
The production and distribution of biological material in wind-driven coastal upwelling systems are of global importance, yet they remain poorly understood. Production is frequently presumed to be proportional to upwelling rate, yet high winds can lead to advective losses from continental shelves, where many species at higher trophic levels reside. An idealized mixed-layer conveyor (MLC) model of biological production from constant upwelling winds demonstrated previously that the amount of new production available to shelf species increased with upwelling at low winds, but declined at high winds [Botsford, L.W., Lawrence, C.A., Dever, E.P., Hastings, A., Largier, J., 2003. Wind strength and biological productivity in upwelling systems: an idealized study. Fisheries Oceanography 12, 245–259]. Here we analyze the response of this model to time-varying winds for parameter values and observed winds from the Wind Events and Shelf Transport (WEST) study region. We compare this response to the conventional view that the results of upwelling are proportional to upwelled volume. Most new production per volume upwelled available to shelf species occurs following rapid increases in shelf transit time due to decreases in wind (i.e. relaxations). However, on synoptic, event time-scales shelf production is positively correlated with upwelling rate. This is primarily due to the effect of synchronous periods of low values in these time series, paradoxically due to wind relaxations. On inter-annual time-scales, computing model production from wind forcing from 20 previous years shows that these synchronous periods of low values have little effect on correlations between upwelling and production. Comparison of model production from 20 years of wind data over a range of shelf widths shows that upwelling rate will predict biological production well only in locations where cross-shelf transit times are greater than the time required for phytoplankton or zooplankton production. For stronger mean winds (narrower shelves), annual production falls below the peak of constant wind prediction [Botsford et al., 2003. Wind strength and biological productivity in upwelling systems: an idealized study. Fisheries Oceanography 12, 245–259], then as winds increase further (shelves become narrower) production does not decline as steeply as the constant wind prediction. 相似文献
105.
无机碳与雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)细胞调节物质 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以单细胞雨生红球藻为材料,采用酸碱滴定和CO2加富通气培养微藻的方法,对旧液中HCO3^-和CO3^2-浓度变化以及对红球藻细胞生长的影响进行了研究。结果表明,旧液具有限制红球藻细胞生长和诱导细胞转化的作用。同时,旧液中无机碳离子浓度明显高于新液。培养液中富含CO3^2-时,各细胞数量与CO3^2-浓度呈正相关,相关系数为0.88。溶液中仅有HCO3^-时,各细胞数与HCO3^-浓度也呈正相关性。因此,排除了CO3^2-和HCO3^-作为旧液中的调节物质,限制红球藻细胞生长和诱导细胞转化的可能性。旧液乙酸乙酯提取物生物检测实验表明,在粗提取物中有降低细胞增长和诱导细胞转化的活性,表明调节物质能溶于有机相,也反过来证实无机碳离子不是旧液中的调节物质。DNA含量和倍性分析结果表明,红球藻游动细胞DNA复制可以加倍后不经过原生质分裂就可以再次进行,因此推测旧液中的调节物质对原生质分裂过程产生抑制作用,而不对DNA复制过程产生抑制作用。 相似文献
106.
Mi Ok Park 《Ocean Science Journal》2006,41(4):301-313
Abundance and distribution of phytoplankton in seawater at southwestern East/Japan Sea near Gampo were investigated by HPLC
analysis of photosynthetic pigments during summer of 1999. Detected photosynthetic pigments were chlorophyll a, b, c1+2 (Chl a, Chl b, Chl c1+2), fucoxanthin (Fuco), prasinoxanthin (Pras), zeaxanthin (Zea), 19’-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin (But-fuco) and beta-carotene (β-Car).
Major carotenoid was fucoxanthin (bacillariophyte) and minor carotenoids were Pras (prasinophyte), Zea (cyanophyte) and But-fuco
(chrysophyte). Chl a concentrations were in the range of 0.16-8.3/land subsurface chlorophyll maxima were observed at 0-10m
at inshore and 30–50 m at offshore. Thermocline and nutricline tilted to the offshore direction showed a mild upwelling condition.
Results from size-fraction showed that contribution from nano+picoplankton at Chl a maximum layer was increased from 18% at
inshore to 69% at offshore on average. The maximum contribution from nano+picoplankton was found as 87% at St. E4. It was
noteworthy that contribution from nano+picoplanktonic crysophytes and green algae to total biomass of phytoplankton was significant
at offshore. Satellite images of sea surface temperature indicated that an extensive area of the East/Japan Sea showed lower
temperature (<18 °C) but the enhanced Chl a patch was confined to a narrow coastal region in summer, 1999. Exceptionally high
flux of low saline water from the Korea/Tsushima Strait seemed to make upwelling weak in summer of 1999 in the study area.
Results of comparisons among Chl a from SeaWIFs, HPLC and fluorometric analysis showed that presence of Chl b cause underestimation
of Chl a about 30% by fluorometric analysis but overestimation by satellite data about 30-75% compared to HPLC data. 相似文献
107.
Mesoscale features in the eastward extension of the Kuroshio were investigated using assimilation of TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P)
data into a three-layer quasi-geostrophic model. The T/P data exhibited an elongated state of the southern recirculation gyre
in 1993–95 and 1997, between whose two periods the gyre had a contracted state in 1995–96. A few stationary eddies were located
in the southern gyre during the contracted state. The baroclinic instability, which was indicated by the phase shift from
the uppermost-to the lowest-layer anomalies toward the downstream side, was evident near the Kuroshio Extension (KE) path.
Since the instability never appeared in the artificial model without bottom topography, the topographic barrier for the eastward
flow in the lowest layer was a necessary condition for the instability. The instability synchronized with the transition in
the western region of the KE axis from the elongated to the contracted states. This evolution was interpreted as if the baroclinic
instability played some part in the KE states and was a trigger for the transition from the elongated to the contracted states. 相似文献
108.
109.
110.
Kazuo Abe 《Journal of Oceanography》2002,58(4):577-588
The relationship between dissolved cadmium (Cd) and phosphate (PO4) was examined at three stations in the subtropical area near the Ryukyu Islands in May 1999. Preformed PO4 was obtained using the Redfield ratio in order to separate the surface water and the other layers in this study area. Almost
0 μM (−0.043 μM to 0.094 μM) was estimated in the layers above 300 m and 250 m at Sts. 1 and 3 and at St. 2, respectively.
Up to these depths, water was considered to be uniform, and these layers were defined as the surface water in this study area.
In the surface water, the slopes of the regression lines of the Cd-PO4 plot were 0.162, 0.156, and 0.226 (nM/μM) at Sts. 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and these values were much closer to the estimated
regenerated ratio of Cd to PO4 from the Apparent Oxygen Utilization (AOU)-Cd/PO4 plots, which was 0.197 (nM/μM) in this study area. Below surface layers, the slopes of the Cd-PO4 plot changed to 0.371, 0.352, and 0.362 (nM//μM) at Sts. 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In the relationships between Cd and PO4, clear deviations or kinks were observed at three stations at a PO4 concentration of approximately 0.2 μM in the plot, which was attributable to the discontinuity of surface water and the other
layers across the North Pacific subtropical mode water. In studies of the interaction between surface water and biogenic particles
concerning the Cd/PO4 ratio, separate analyses of seawater (surface water and the other layers) should be carried out to obtain the individual
surface water ratio because the Cd/PO4 ratio in the surface water is expected to differ from that of the underlying water. Furthermore, the biological fractionation
of these constituents is based on the surface water ratio.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献