鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格庙与靖边天然气单体碳同位素特征及其成因

苏里格庙上古生界砂岩气藏天然气重烃含量高,干燥系数低,为湿气;靖边奥陶系风化壳气藏天然气重烃含量低,干燥系数高,属干气。苏里格庙天然气的正构烷烃碳同位素具有δ13 C₁<δ13 C₃ <δ13 C₂ <δ13 C4的规律,靖边天然气具有δ13 C₁<δ13 C₂ <δ13 C₃ 的规律。二者高碳数烷烃的同位素差别较大,尤其是苏里格庙的乙烷碳同位素比靖边平均重 3.6‰。根据天然气单体碳同位素及其含量变化,苏里格庙天然气属煤成气,靖边天然气属煤成气与油型气的混合气。苏里格庙和靖边天然气中均含少量CO₂ 气,其碳同位素表明苏里格庙除苏 5井为无机CO₂ 气外,均为有机CO₂ 气;靖边林 1、林 5井为无机CO₂ 气,陕参 1井为有机CO₂ 气。结合烷烃气和CO₂ 气,苏里格庙天然气可以分为含有机CO₂ 煤成气和含无机CO₂ 煤成气。碳同位素比值与Ro 关系分析认为,苏里格庙的天然气成熟度处于成熟到高成熟阶段,其相应气源岩的平均Ro 为 1.2 9%～ 1.39%,这一结果与该区二叠系煤岩的成熟度符合较好。     

再论印度—亚洲大陆碰撞的启动时间

利用沉积响应来识别印度－亚洲大陆碰撞启动时间是最直接和有效的方法之一。西藏仲巴错江顶群被甄别为碰撞型三角洲沉积，曲下组可能代表了碰撞启动时期的建造，藏南定日的海相白垩－古近系沉积演化，锶和碳同位素变化也支持两大陆碰撞启动时间大约在K／T界线时期，对比喜马拉雅西段碰撞启动时间并考虑大印度北缘失掉的宽度，提出两大陆量可能的碰撞启动时间是65Ma左右。     

辽宁宽甸新生代火山岩和地幔包体He-Ar同位素组成

宽甸新生代碱性玄武岩、地幔包体及辉石巨晶的稀有气体同位素组成和流体含量分析表明，不同岩性稀有气体含量的差异反映了岩浆作用过程中轻、重稀有气体的分馏特性，较轻的稀有气体(He、Ne)比较重的稀有气体(Kr、Xe)具有更高的活动性和不相容性；该地区上地幔源区具有典型的MORB型源区特征，以辉石巨晶为代表；地幔包体的3^He／^4He值较低，可能与地幔上隆过程中富集地幔流体的交代作用或地幔塑性变形作用丢失了部分原始He有关；大陆碱性玄武岩具有与大洋玄武岩截然不同的He同位素组成，反映了大陆区地幔岩浆上升过程中受到了陆壳物质混染。地幔源区^40Ar／^36Ar值为350左右，二辉橄榄岩和碱性火山岩的^40Ar／^36Ar值比大气略高，可能有大气组分的混入。部分样品中有^21Ne、^22Ne、^129Xe、^134Xe和^136Xe相对于大气的过剩现象。     

Provenance analysis and tectonic setting of the Ordovician clastic deposits in the southern Puna Basin, NW Argentina

Provenance studies on Early to Middle Ordovician clastic formations of the southern Puna basin in north-western Argentina indicate that the sedimentary detritus is generally composed of reworked crustal material. Tremadoc quartz-rich turbidites (Tolar Chico Formation, mean composition Q_t89 F7 L4) are followed by volcaniclastic rocks and greywackes (Tolillar Formation, mean Q_t33 F42 L25). These are in turn overlain by volcaniclastic deposits (mean Q_t24 F30 L46) of the Diablo Formation (late Arenig–early Llanvirn) that are intercalated by lava flows. All units were deformed in the Oclóyic Orogeny during the Middle and Late Ordovician. Sandstones of the Tolar Chico Formation are characterized by Th/Sc ratios > 1, La/Sc ratios ≈ 10, whereas associated fine-grained wackes show slightly lower values for both ratios. LREE (light rare earth elements) enrichment of the arenites is ≈ 50× chondrite, Eu/Eu* values are between 0·72 and 0·92, and flat HREE (heavy rare earth elements) patterns indicate a derivation from mostly felsic rocks of typical upper crustal composition. The ε_{Nd(t = sed)} values scatter around −11 to −9. The calculated Nd-T_DM residence ages vary between 1·8 and 2·0 Ga indicating contribution by a Palaeoproterozoic crustal component. The Th/Sc and La/Sc ratios of the Tolillar Formation are lower than those of the Tolar Chico Formation. Normalized REE (rare earth elements) patterns display a similar shape to PAAS (post-Archaean average Australian shale) but with higher abundances of HREEs. Eu/Eu* values range between 0·44 and 1·17, where the higher values reflect the abundance of plagioclase and feldspar-bearing volcanic lithoclasts. Average ε_{Nd(t = sed)} values are less negative at −5·1, and Nd-T_DM are lower at 1·6 Ga. This is consistent with characteristics of regional rocks of upper continental crust composition, which most probably represent the sources of the studied detritus. The rocks of the Diablo Formation have the lowest Th/Sc and La/Sc ratios, lower LREE abundances than the average continental crust and are slightly enriched in HREEs. Eu/Eu* values are between 0·63 and 1·17. The Nd isotopes (ε_{Nd(t = sed)} = −3 to −1; T_DM = 1·2 Ga) indicate that one source component was less fractionated than both the underlying Early Ordovician and the overlying Middle Ordovician units. Synsedimentary vulcanites in the Diablo Formation show the same isotopic composition. Our data indicate that the sedimentary detritus is generally composed of reworked crustal material, but that the Diablo Formation appears to contain ≈ 80% of a less fractionated component, derived from a contemporaneous continental volcanic arc. There are no data indicating an exotic detrital source or the accretion of an exotic block at this part of the Gondwana margin during the Ordovician.     

Geology and Genesis of the Ta'ergou Skarn - Quartz Vein Tungsten Deposit in the North Qilian Caledonian Orogenic Belt, Northwest China

Abstract. The Ta'ergou tungsten deposit in Gansu province, northwestern China, is located in the western part of the North Qilian Caledonian orogen, and consists of scheelite skarn bodies and wolframite quartz veins. The tungsten‐bearing skarn developed by the replacement of carbonate layers intercalated in the Precambrian schist and amphibolite whereas wolframite‐quartz ore veins developed along a group of fractures that cut through horizontal skarns. The Ta'ergou tungsten deposit is genetically related to the Caledonian Yeniutan granodiorite intrusion and occurs ca. 500 m wide in the exo‐contact zone 300 ～ 500 m apart from the intrusion. The granodiorite displays a lower grade of differentiation, low content of SiO₂ and high contents of mafic components. There are three types of fluid inclusions in the wolframite‐quartz vein systems, i. e. aqueous, CO₂‐H₂O and CO₂‐rich. The homogenization temperature of aqueous inclusion ranges from 140 to 380d?C and their salinities from 6.4 to 17.4 equivalent wt% NaCl. Laser Raman spectroscopy shows that the inclusions contain a relatively high content of CO₂. The δ³⁴S values of skarn type sulfides range from +8.1 to +12.7 per mil and those of quartz vein sulfides from +9.3 to +14.9 per mil, similar to sulfides of the granodiorite with from +6.0 to +11.7 per mil. The δ¹⁸O values of quartz are between +10.5 and +13.3 per mil and those of wolframite between +3.4 and +5.1 per mil. The δ¹⁸O water values of ore forming fluids range from +0.6 to +6.4 per mil and suggest the mixture of magmatic fluids with meteoric water formed the ore‐forming fluids. It has been proved that Precambrian strata in the west sector of North Qilian region are enriched in tungsten. We propose the strata were remelted to be tungsten‐granitoid during subduction. The polymetallic tungsten was gradually accumulated into the roof pendants of the granite intrusion by fractional crystallization and then was deposited by hydrothermal fluids during metasomatism and infilling along fractures. On the other hand, the granite intrusion also acted as “heating machine” to make hydrothermal fluids leach out the metals from Precambrian strata and these metals joined the ore‐forming hydrothermal system.     

硫同位素混合总体筛分

现代矿床学研究表明，绝大多数矿床的形成具有多来源、多阶段、多成因的特点。定量研究S同位素来源可将形成一个矿床的过程看作是多个总体的混合或叠加，在数学上这种混合或叠加可以用混合总体筛分的数学模型来描述。笔者在长江中下游地区和湖南东坡矿田中成功地应用混合总体筛分的数学模型，定量研究了S同位素来源的问题，这一问题的解决对于研究成矿物质来源和成矿机理具有重要的意义。     

高放废物处置系统地下水同位素特征

在高放废物处置库场地特性评价中，对于深地质处置方案而言，最有可能使放射性核素进入生物圈的机制是地下水的迁移，因此，水文地质研究是场址预选和评价中的一个重要内容。本文以甘肃北山预选区旧井地段为例，根据地下水同位素数据，结合所获得的地质、水文数据和信息，分析研究了研究区基岩地下水的起源、形成、演化和循环特征。研究表明，北山预选区旧井地段，深部地下水和浅部地下水均源自大气降水的补给，弱含水、低渗透、低流速是该区的主要水文地质特征。     

Paleoecology of two marine oxygen isotope stage 7 sites correlated by the Sheep Creek tephra, northwestern North America

Pollen analysis at two sites, correlated by the presence of the 190,000 yr-old Sheep Creek tephra, documents fluctuations in vegetation and climate consistent with this date and indicates that the records span marine oxygen isotope stage 7 and the stage 6/7 transition. Dawson Cut, near Fairbanks, Alaska, provides a 5.2-m-long pollen record of interglacial boreal forest succeeded by shrub tundra and then forest/tundra. Ash Bend, Stewart River, central Yukon, provides a 9.5-m-long record of interglacial boreal forest succeeded by forest/tundra, shrub tundra, and herbaceous tundra. The replacement of forest at both sites by more open or tundra vegetation indicates warm interglacial conditions giving way to cold and arid climate. It is not clear whether stage 7 was warmer than the present. The warm-cool-warm climate oscillation evident at both sites may correlate to Lake Baikal substages 7a, 7b, and 7c. Sheep Creek tephra fell on forest/tundra vegetation.     

河北省黄壁庄水库坝基渗漏单井示踪试验研究

以河北省黄壁庄水库副坝坝基的渗漏塌坑为例，利用“九五”国家重点科技成果推广项目“智能化地下水动态参数测量仪”在天然流场下，测量出水库自然渗漏量地下水的渗透流速流向、垂直向流速流向，每米含水层的渗透系数等工程必须的水文地质参数。确定性地诊断和检测出黄壁水库坝基渗漏隐患出现的具体位置和高程，从而为大坝的渗漏处理和安全处理提供详细的现场测量数据。     

大布苏湖沉积剖面碳酸盐含量氧同位素特征的古气候意义

对大布苏湖沉积剖面碳酸盐含量和氧同位素特征研究表明，湖区15000年以来经历了多期冷湿与暖干气候旋回，大约距今6700年左右，气候变干并进入稳定的温暖时期，湖水逐渐高度浓缩，形成了现今的盐碱湖。