超大型会泽富锗铅锌矿复合成因

会泽富锗铅锌矿。是近年老矿山深部找矿取得重大突破的典范,而其成因则是当前研究、讨论的热点。笔者认为该矿之形成,既非“MVT型”,亦非“VMS型”,而是与深部隐伏燕山期酸性岩有关的中温岩浆热液叠加、改造、富化的复成因矿床。自加里东期起长期处于张裂环境。深部昭通．弥勒硅镁层隆起,既是幔源玄武岩（热地幔柱）上涌的前奏,又为深部矿源上升创造畅通空间。与多旋回活动的小江深断裂相沟通的NE向矩形断裂网,是导矿、输矿、储矿的有利构造。继火山热液成矿之后,伴随燕山期褶皱、断裂和深部酸性岩浆的上升,发生第二期叠加矿化．矿石中伴生与酸性岩有关的元素组合．并以与酸性岩有关的锗富集为特征。     

皖南山区钢管砼拱桥施工技术

铜管砼拱桥在皖南山区受到应用限制的主要因素是钢管加工困难,构件运输的自然环境条件差,大型预制构件不易到达桥位处,加之某些区域的环境因素影响,使钢管砼拱桥施工,养护和维修成为主要问题.文章主要叙述了钢管砼拱桥的几种施工方法,对各种施工方法的适用条件及技术要点进行了分析,供同行参考.     

Dating of post-glacial landforms in the central howgills

Little is known of Holocene landform development in Upland Britain. This paper describes a site at Middle Langdale in the Howgill Fells of Cumbria where large, but now stabilized and inactive gullies cut through periglacial material. At the base of the gullies large debris cones have buried earlier alluvial sediments on the valley floor. On these sediments and buried by the debris cones is a well-developed organic soil from which two ¹⁴C dates have been obtained in an attempt to estimate the age range of the soil. These dates range from 2580±55 years BP for the fine particulate fraction from the base of the organic horizon to 940±95 years BP for fossil rootlets from the uppermost organic layer, immediately below the overlying debris cones. The pollen evidence suggests that the valley floor site was initially dominated by alder carr and later by a Juncus marsh with birch, alder and hazel nearby. The pollen, from the surrounding upland area suggests woodland on the valley sides, dominated by oak and elm that was later replaced by a more open environment rich in heath species and in which disturbed ground species were present. The magnetic evidence indicates a stable local environment during soil formation but shows a sudden inwash of unweathered debris at the top of the buried soil. The evidence suggests that the valley floor was geomorphologically stable throughout the period of soil formation, although there was a local change in valley floor vegetation and a reduction of woodland cover on the valley sides at sometime during the period. The evidence then points to major geomorphological changes; a wave of soil erosion, gully development and debris cone deposition, perhaps following the Scandinavian introduction of sheep farming in the tenth century A.D.     

跨断层水泥管试验的有限元分析

在考虑管道的材料非线性和几何非线性、管土相互作用的非线性和管道接口非线性的基础上,建立了由管体梁单元、三向土弹簧单元和接口单元组成的埋地非连续管道在断层位移作用下的有限元模型,并以美国密歇根大学Junhee等(2010)所做的跨断层水泥管试验为原型进行了模拟分析。有限元结果给出的水泥管最终变形、接口转角、接口位移与实验结果基本一致,表明本文提出的跨断层埋地非连续管道抗震计算的有限元分析方法具有一定的合理性。有限元结果和试验结果都表明,在逆冲断层作用下,水泥管的破坏主要是因为在管道接口处的轴向压力和弯矩的耦合作用,在断层附近的管道接口承受了较大的转动和压缩位移。本文所提出的分析方法可推广到埋地非连续管道在其它永久地面变形作用下的有限元分析。     

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE SEISMIC RETROFIT OF A MID-RISE STEEL BUILDING: STEEL BRACING VS ENERGY DISSIPATION

The paper presents a comparative study of an existing retrofit for a mid-rise steel building using additional stiff steel braced-frames against an alternate retrofit using ADAS (Added Damping and Stiffness) passive energy dissipation devices. The subject building, located near Alameda Park in downtown Mexico City, is a ten-storey office building that was built in the 1950s. The structure was damaged during the 1985 Michoacán Earthquake because of resonant response with the site. The building was later retrofitted using additional braced frames according to the seismic provisions of Mexico's 1987 Federal District Code. The retrofit scheme was planned to take the structure away from resonant responses and to inhibit structural damage. A proposed upgrade using ADAS energy dissipation devices was studied to compare energy dissipation against traditional stiffening using steel braces as retrofit options for mid-rise buildings in Mexico City's lake-bed zone. Different sets of analyses were carried out to compare both alternatives: (a) three-dimensional elastic analyses; (b) limit analyses and; (c) nonlinear dynamic analyses for postulated site ground motions for a M_s=8.1 earthquake. Initial costs of the retrofit schemes were also studied. The comparative studies suggest that a retrofit using ADAS devices would have a better dynamic performance than the one using steel braces. However, the steel bracing retrofit provides more strength and its initial cost of retrofit is less than that of the ADAS retrofit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钢框架结构的非线性静力抗震可靠性分析Ⅱ:可靠度指标及其灵敏度

将有限元反应及其灵敏度分析与结构可靠度分析的近似解析方法结合起来,可以进行具有隐式功能函数的大型复杂结构的可靠性分析。在基于位移的非线性纤维梁柱单元及其灵敏度直接微分表达式的基础上,通过力学变换、概率变换和反应灵敏度,将结构可靠度计算方法FORM和SORM与有限元方法有机地集成在一起。依据现行抗震设计规范,建立了钢框架结构典型构件承载能力和结构层间变形能力的抗震极限状态方程,利用地震作用的等效随机静力模型,采用非线性有限元静力可靠度方法,对一实际工程结构的抗震可靠度及其灵敏度进行了概率分析和评价,结果表明：尽管在大震作用下该结构的层间弹塑性变形可靠度较高,但是构件极限承载能力的可靠度指标较低,仍然存在失效的可能性。因此,仅验算“小震”作用下结构的承载能力可靠度和“大震”作用下结构的变形能力可靠度是不够的,还需要验算在“中震”和“大震”作用下结构的极限承载能力可靠度。     

地震CT法隐伏矿脉空间定位研究

利用0．5ms采样的高分辨率地震CT方法对宽度不足1m的隐伏矿脉进行了有效的观测和追踪．本研究不只限于地震CT方法常采用的地表一井孔、井间、坑道等观测方式,而是适当地利用矿田地形实现了近似全方位的地震CT野外数据采集,在本研究提出的非均匀介质射线追踪方法下实现了对隐伏含金石英脉的定量观测．     

1995年日本新泻北部M6.0地震及其由地震烈度和地下水地热异常分布所揭示的隐伏地震断层

1995年日本新泻北部M6.0地震发生在新泻地震空区的东部边缘.由于此次地震震源较浅(10 km),造成了55栋房屋倒塌、165栋房屋半倒.通过计算倾倒墓碑的地震矩,对本区地震烈度进行了分析,发现烈度6度区(据日本JMA度)为一覆盖面积6.1×1 km2,呈NNE-SSW向分布的条带,表明震中区的冲积平原下存在一条隐伏断层.震中区地下水的温度、电导率和Cl-浓度等异常区与呈线性分布的6度烈度区大致吻合,也有力地证明了震中区下面存在一条隐伏断层.这次地震可能是由高压型热水系沿隐伏活动断层喷溢引起.带着高温的高压热水降低了岩石的断裂强度,从而触发了地震.     

空腔结构复合填充墙-钢框架抗侧力性能试验研究

通过空腔结构复合填充墙-钢框架和同尺寸纯钢框架的对比试验，分析了空腔结构复合填充墙-钢框架的抗侧力性能和滞回性能。研究结果证明空腔结构复合填充墙是一种理想的抗侧力体系，可用于多层或小高层钢结构住宅，作为结构的抗侧力构件。     

西气东输三线输气管道工程线路区域地震地质环境与地质灾害

我国国民经济发展迅速, 国内中南和沿海地区能源需求持续递增。中亚地区有丰富的天然气资源, 需要新建管道输送新增气量, 国家适时启动了西气东输三线工程。西气东输三线工程管道线路自西北向东南斜贯我国西部、中部和东南, 干线总长度达5220km, 沿线各类地貌发育, 线路区域地震地质环境复杂, 地质灾害类型多样, 做好该项目的前期研究论证, 查明沿线地震地质构造与活动断裂和各类地质灾害, 对确保西三线管道工程的设计、施工与安全运营十分重要。